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Evacuation vs. Shelter-In-Place: How Will Residents Respond? [presentation]

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This is a presentation that was given at the 2010 National Evacuation Conference held in New Orleans, LA. This presentation covers the topic of Mass Evacuations, Shelters and behaviors of the residents involved.

Rutgers University

Carnegie, Jon A.; Deka, Deva

2010-02-05
Food Policy Institute [website]

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"The Food Policy Institute is a research unit of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey that addresses food policy issues. We view our role in food policy research as supporting public and private decision makers who shape aspects of the food system within which government, agriculture, industry and the consumer interact."

Rutgers University. Food Policy Institute
Resilience: Mitigating Risk During State Re-Openings

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From the Document: "As states begin to relax the restrictions on meetings and movement they imposed to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, it is vital that communities of faith play a leadership role in preventing the unnecessary spread of disease and death within their communities and among their neighbors. The resumption of more traditional forms of worship will be a cause for celebration, but only if it is accomplished responsibly, with due consideration for the most informed guidance for preserving the health and well being of worshippers and their neighbors alike. As of April 28, 2020, a number of states have begun to reopen, or plan to, in the coming days. While this is not the recommended guidance by many health care experts, following the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) suggestions will be critical to prevent mass exposure and increased COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] infections. As we endure as one nation, let us be reminded that our actions directly impact life and death for all our friends and neighbors."

Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Clark, Ronald J.; Kula, Shannon M.

2020-05-07
Plan, Respond, Mitigate: Get Your Community Faith-Based Organizations Ready for the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

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From the Introduction: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], popularly known as the novel coronavirus, poses unique challenges for community and faith-based organizations (CFBOs). Such organizations, which tend to feature mass gatherings, and whose membership typically includes large numbers of elderly people, are threatened in both mission and message by the epidemic, which can be contained only by curtailing mass meetings and isolating the ill and exposed, particularly the elderly. Such social distancing and isolation can compromise the spiritual and civic missions of community and faith-based organizations, but the price of containment need not be despair. It is imperative that the leadership of such organizations, which play such an essential role in providing comfort to community members in times of pain and uncertainty, find ways to fulfill their missions without jeopardizing the health of the afflicted, the other members of the organizations or the leaders themselves. This Miller Center Interim Guidance offers a suggested approach to these issues based on our experience in working with community and faith-based organizations in other contexts, and in managing emergencies of various kinds. The scope of this international public health emergency, which has been determined by the World Health [O]rganization to be a pandemic, may be unprecedented; we are confident, however, that its exigencies can be addressed without abandoning the civic and pastoral missions of so many organizations founded on community and faith."

Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Farmer, John J.

2020-03-13
Resilience: During the High Holy Days of April & May

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From the Document: "As three of the world's major religions - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - prepare to observe their High Holy Days in the next few weeks, people all over the world are suffering and dying alone. Families are saying their goodbyes, and clergy administering last rites, via Facetime. Living rooms where neighbors and friends would normally drop by to offer comfort sit empty. Memorial services are postponed, or canceled completely. Never has the comfort offered by a community of shared beliefs been more needed, but rarely has it been more difficult to achieve, than in the current COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis. Perhaps for this reason, accounts have been multiplying of religious gatherings in defiance of stay at home and social distancing orders. [...] These gatherings can prove disastrous from a public health perspective, affording the virus opportunities to spread, and proving lethal to some of those who attend or to people they contact. At the same time, practitioners of all faiths are adapting their rituals to the harsh new reality, and rediscovering the depth of the message their faith holds for times like these. The Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York is being converted for use as a hospital. Family seders are being planned over Webex, Zoom, Facetime or Skype. Good Friday and Easter services are being livestreamed, or broadcast over television."

Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Clark, Ronald J.; Kula, Shannon M.

2020-04-08
Resilience: Engaging Partners & Leveraging Resources for Faith Based Organizations & Vulnerable Communities

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From the Document: "By all accounts, we must anticipate several more weeks and even months ahead before we see a flattening of the curve across the country. As your community continues to isolate, engaging partners and leveraging resources for your community will be essential. It will keep your community strong in spirit, mind and body." The document proceeds to provide government resources and information, financial resources, reliable sources for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic updates, along with helpful resources for online schooling and recreation.

Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Clark, Ronald J.; Kula, Shannon M.

2020?
Part VI: RESILIENCE: The Need for Universal Personal Protective Equipment

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From the Document: "As states continue to reopen, or plan to initiate follow-on phases in the coming days, we must remain vigilant. The total number of infectious cases in the United States is over 1,700,000 and over 100,000 Americans have passed away due to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The infection trends in 18 states are rising and experts are increasingly less optimistic that seasonal changes will dramatically bend the curve on its own. However, wearing a mask will bend the curve, protect you, your family and community. When outside your home, the research is overwhelming that Personal Protective Equipment, namely masks, will protect you and others (see attached report). The attached study asserts that if 80% of the population wear masks consistently, we can dramatically degrade the arc of this pandemic. When you dial this up to 90% or 100% of citizens wearing masks, the positive reduction in the infection rate is even more dramatic (see chart below). However, when only 50% of the population wear masks, this rapid disruption does not occur. As we endure as one nation, let us be reminded that our actions directly impact all our brothers and sisters."

Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Clark, Ronald J.; Kula, Shannon M.

2020-06-01
RESILIENCE: For Faith-Based Organizations Weathering the COVID-19 Storm / The Mission Continues

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From the Document: "This guidance follows the Miller Center's initial Interim Guidance, issued on March 13, 2020, which outlined best practices for communities of faith to employ in managing the unprecedented pandemic the world is now facing as a consequence of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Although there have been relatively isolated instances of faith communities gathering despite the teachings of science and the commands of governmental authorities, for the most part faith communities have been adapting imaginatively to our new normal, providing a sense of comfort, continuity and community in the face of escalating measures and uncertain prescriptions for managing the pandemic."

Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Clark, Ronald J.; Kula, Shannon M.

2020-03-25
Contagion of Institutional Distrust: Viral Disinformation of the COVID Vaccine and the Road to Reconciliation

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From the Foreword: "'A Contagion of Institutional Distrust,' the latest research from the Network Contagion Research Institute, maps how a broad swath of Americans are mobilizing against vaccines and public health restrictions and seeks to map that mistrust in the same way we are mapping the virus itself. The report offers us incredibly important new tools, such as methods to detect and predictively map emerging threats to our democracy and public health at the county level, from social media platforms that are becoming increasingly sovereign from democratic control. More importantly, it maps the underlying concerns of our fellow Americans, who, as it turns out, are mothers who want their children to return to school or people understandably concerned about government excess, more often than they are people who believe Aliens are stealing our election. With these maps in hand, we must now come together as Americans to look past the caricatures, blame, and the lies because the path to public health, the path to healing, is now sewn directly to our commitments to one another and to renewing our democracy. Our fight against tyranny, conspiracy, and corrosive mutual distrust now stands on our ability as Americans to reject the disgust of blame and appeal, and, through coherent reason, to reach toward a sober consensus of unlikely collaborators."

Network Contagion Research Institute; Rutgers University

Ross, Alexander Reid; Modi, Malav; Paresky, Pamela B. . . .

2021-03-11?
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey

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From the Cover Memo: "From April 17 to 26 we conducted a large, 50 state survey, the results of which are presented in this report. The first section of the report looks at the nation as a whole while the second section focuses on individual states and comparisons across states. [...] We surveyed 22,912 individuals across all 50 states plus the District of Columbia. The survey was conducted on 17-26 April 2020 by PureSpectrum via an online, nonprobability sample, with state-level representative quotas for race/ethnicity, age and gender. In addition to balancing on these dimensions, we reweighted our data using the same demographic characteristics. In our discussion below, we omit mentioning states with a sample size of less than 275: Alaska, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wyoming, and the District of Columbia. However, we include these states in the summary tables below."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Harvard University

Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2020-04-30
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #3: Support for Vote by Mail

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From the Document: "A strong majority of Americans support making it easier to vote by mail (VBM). Three-in-five (60%) Americans support making it easier to vote by mail this November, while only 16% oppose (24% neither support nor oppose). Majorities of Americans in all but four states -- Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Wyoming* -- support making VBM easier. At the other extreme, over 70% of Americans in four states (Oregon, Washington, California, Colorado) and the District of Columbia*, support making VBM easier."

Rutgers University; Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy; Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.) . . .

Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Perlis, Roy H. . . .

2020-05-27
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #2

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From the Document: "Americans are in less of a hurry to reopen than their governors. Despite the movement toward economic reopening in all 50 states, we see little evidence that Americans are clamoring to speed up the reopening process. Overall, we found only a five percentage point increase from our prior survey wave in late April in the percentage of Americans preferring that the economy reopen 'immediately.' A sizable majority (60%) of Americans continue to prefer that the country wait at least four more weeks prior to reopening."

Rutgers University; Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy; Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.) . . .

Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Perlis, Roy H. . . .

2020-05-22
COVID-19, Conspiracy and Contagious Sedition: A Case Study on the Militia-Sphere

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From the Foreword: "Following on the heels of a state-by-state lockdown of social and economic activity put in place to attempt to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic, we stand in the midst of historical nationwide violence and riots over the George Floyd incident. Together, these events cause social dislocation on a scale not seen since the Great Depression. Not surprisingly in such an environment, fear of disease, fear of law enforcement, and fear of violence are compounded by social isolation and widespread unemployment. It is not surprising, in this season of discontent, that many Americans have grown frustrated with the restrictions on their freedoms, and angry at the repeated confrontations involving law enforcement. Many have exercised their constitutional rights to freedom of speech and assembly to express their anger in a peaceful manner."

Network Contagion Research Institute; Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Finkelstein, Joel; Donohue, John K.; Goldenberg, Alex . . .

2020?
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #40: COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes Among Healthcare Workers

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From the Executive Summary: "'In this report, we examine the demographic correlates of vaccination, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine resistance among the subset of 1,797 respondents in the COVID [coronavirus disease] states survey who indicated that they are healthcare workers. We find that education, income, gender, race/ethnicity, and partisanship are strong predictors of vaccination rates recorded thus far, as well as of vaccine hesitancy and resistance.' Healthcare workers represent a microcosm of US society, and a consequential one. They are polarized in terms of income and education, ranging from physicians with extensive postgraduate education, to cleaning staff with less than a high school education. Healthcare workers also have taken a disproportionate brunt of the national response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], in terms of the physical and emotional labor to care for millions of sick people; to bid goodbye to hundreds of thousands; and to confront, by the nature of their work, the increased risks of exposure to the virus. They have also been among the first wave of recipients of COVID-19 vaccinations; and as such, they are doubly important. First, they may be predictive of what is to come in the rest of the US's vaccination campaign. Healthcare workers represent the first diverse population that has the opportunity to get vaccinated. As such, their responses regarding vaccine willingness are more proximate and less hypothetical than they are with our other survey respondents. Second, they may directly affect the willingness [hyperlink] of other Americans to be vaccinated, by dint of their high perceived credibility regarding issues of health."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Perlis, Roy H.; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-02
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #25: Public Support for Measures Aimed at Curbing COVID-19

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From the Document: "As COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] continues to surge nationwide, some particularly hard-hit localities are implementing (or re-implementing) relatively strict measures to protect public safety. While many of these measures have been shown to be effective at slowing down COVID-19 transmission in the US (and other countries) in earlier months, the potential implementation of measures such as closing non-essential businesses, adopting distance learning, and restricting restaurants to take-out have provoked fierce debates around the country. While some advocates have sought to frame the debate as a choice between public health and education, on the one hand, or the economy, on the other, in many respects the decisions that public health officials face are far more complicated, and public views on these topics more nuanced. [...] In the post-election (November) wave of our survey, we asked respondents whether and to what extent they approved or disapproved of seven such measures intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19[.]"

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Uslu, Ata A.; Santillana, Mauricio . . .

2020-11-27
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #30: Economic Hardships Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Key Findings: "[1] Parents with children at home are more likely than respondents without children at home to have experienced all five economic hardships, while women with kids at home are more likely than men with kids at home to have experienced four of the five hardships. The overall gaps range from a low of 4 percentage points for eviction from their home (6% for parents vs. 2% for non-parents), to highs of 11 points for taking pay cuts (26% vs. 17%) and being unable to make a rent or mortgage payment (21% vs. 10%)[.] [2] Economic hardships are fairly evenly distributed across partisan groups and regions of the country. [3] Respondents who report having had COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] (whether diagnosed by a medical professional or otherwise) are more likely than respondents who report not having had had COVID-19 to have suffered a series of five economic hardships we included in the survey, including losing a job, being evicted from their home, being unable to pay rent or their mortgage, taking a pay cut, or having to cut back on work to take care of a child. [4] Hispanics are more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to have experienced all five economic hardships. [5] We find fairly wide variations across the 50 states in the percentages of residents having experienced economic hardships, and no consistent geographic patterns. COVID-related hardships appear to be generally widespread across the country."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Lin, Jennifer; Lazer, David . . .

2020-12-17
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #38: Public Perceptions of Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Document: "One of President Joe Biden's top pandemic-related policy priorities has been to get children back into schools. The president and his advisors have cited multiple reasons for the urgency of doing so, ranging from nutrition to mental health to the quality of K-12 [kindergarten through twelfth grade] learning during the pandemic. Since March of 2020, American school children have faced a variety of learning environments, varying by time and place, and ranging from all-virtual school, to hybrids of part-virtual and part-in-person school, to all-in-person school. Schools have reopened, only to close again in response to local outbreaks. As with other aspects of the pandemic, community response has often been vocal and polarized. Some parents have pressured local school boards to open their neighborhood schools to in-person learning; others have applied pressure for the opposite: all virtual schooling until local covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] transmission is brought down to manageable and safe levels. In our December 2020 survey wave, we included a series of questions aimed at assessing the state of opinion regarding these topics."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Perlis, Roy H.; Green, Jon . . .

2021-02-05
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #36: Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Strategies

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From the Document: "This report outlines the current state of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine hesitancy (defined as preferring to delay vaccination) and resistance (defined as not wanting to take the vaccine at any point), as well as the results from two experiments designed to test strategies for increasing Americans' willingness to take the vaccine when it's available to them. We evaluate the results of two experiments testing different communication strategies to increase people's willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Key findings are that a variety of 'messages' are effective for reducing vaccine hesitancy and resistance, while 'messengers' are less effective and - in the case of partisan messengers - have the potential to 'increase' resistance among political out-groups. The most effective strategies evoked scientists and people's own doctors as endorsers of vaccination. We found, also, that messages evoking harm reduction and 'people you know' were more effective in counties where the virus is spreading more quickly."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Green, Jon; Lazer, David; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-01-25
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #35: Public Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccines

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From the Executive Summary: "We present a variety of descriptive results on attitudes and beliefs regarding COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccines. We find a notable consensus across population subgroups regarding order of prioritization for receiving vaccines, which roughly aligns with current policies. We additionally find that while there are generally positive attitudes and beliefs regarding vaccines, there are also some negative attitudes and misbeliefs that are especially common within certain demographics (political independents and, to a lesser extent, Republicans; Black respondents; and individuals ages 25-44). The reported results are based on data collected from 24,682 people between December 16, 2020 and January 10, 2021. For these descriptive analyses, we apply survey weights using national benchmarks for race, gender, age, education, Census region, and urbanicity."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Green, Jon; Lazer, David; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-01-25
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #39: Public Attitudes Towards the Storming of the Capitol Building

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From the Document: "This was the latest in a series of surveys we have been conducting since April 2020, examining attitudes and behaviors regarding COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in the United States. [...] The 2020 election produced two distinct perceived realities for the United States public. The first perceived reality holds that the election was conducted fairly, and that Joe Biden won. Individuals who hold this vision of reality feel their votes were counted accurately, and that the events of January 6th [hyperlink] were repugnant. This is also the version of reality for 60-70% of the US population. This reality is documented by court cases, our government officials (Republican and Democratic) in charge of administering the election, and the credible news media. The second vision of reality holds that the election was essentially corrupt--driven, in particular, by illegal mail-in ballots, noncitizen voting, and voting machine fraud. In this perceived reality, Biden is a usurper to the presidency. Further, the people who stormed the Capitol had a point, although the worst actions were taken by individuals affiliated with Antifa activists masquerading as Trump supporters. This is the expressed reality of former President Trump, certain Republican leaders, a subset of conservative media, and certain corners of the social media ecosystem. This is also the reality for 25-30% of the US population, and roughly half of Republicans. These two perceived realities are not created equal. The facts, as presented by the fact sorting institutions of the government and media, unambiguously support the first."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-02-15
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #31: Update on the Trajectory of Health-Related Behaviors

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From the Document: "Since April 2020, the COVID [coronavirus disease] States Project has been surveying respondents regarding social distancing behaviors and adherence to health recommendations more generally. Our November report [hyperlink], looking at the data from April to November, with a partial exception of mask wearing, found a steady relaxation of these behaviors over time. In this report, we update our November results, finding that this trend has partially reversed, perhaps due to the surge of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases in the last two months. Mask wearing reached its all-time high in our December/January survey, and social distancing behaviors have substantially increased since October (though still far from April levels)."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Perlis, Roy H. . . .

2021-01-15
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #37: Gun Purchases During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Document: "Gun purchases in the United States have increased dramatically since the start of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Based on FBI data, the National Shooting Sports Foundation reported 21 million background checks for firearms sales [hyperlink] in 2020, up from 13.2 million the previous year and surpassing the previous record of 15.7 million in 2016. The biggest spikes occurred in March and June, as shown in Figure 1. While March is typically a month of high gun buying [hyperlink], this year saw a much sharper surge. June's spike in gun purchases is even more abnormal compared to previous years when gun purchases are typically close to their low point."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Simonson, Matthew; Lazer, David; Perlis, Roy H. . . .

2021-02-05
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #32: Update on Public Support for Measures Aimed at Curbing COVID-19

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From the Summary: "In report 25, published in November, we evaluated public support for taking more aggressive measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The key finding is that there is broad support for taking more steps to limit the spread of the disease. In a just completed survey, we repeated these questions, finding that opinions are virtually unchanged since November: large majorities across the 7 issue areas support taking more aggressive steps. The measure with the least support, which would be the most drastic step - requiring most businesses other than grocery stores and pharmacies to close - has exactly the same level of support we observed in November: 60%. The only step that has seen statistically significant erosion in support is restricting international travel, which has edged downward from November, from 88% to a still quite high 84%. Support across the 50 states plus DC also is quite high. In 43 states plus DC, majorities support all 7 measures; in 4 states majorities support 6 measures, and in three (Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming), majorities support 5 of 7 measures (the two exceptions being requiring most businesses to close and prohibiting K-12 [kindergarten through twelfth grade] schools from teaching in person)."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Baum, Matthew A., 1965- . . .

2021-01-15
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #34: Update on Holiday Gatherings in December 2020

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From the Document: "Public health officials have expressed concern that multi-household holiday gatherings might have driven a January surge of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases. As noted in report 31 [hyperlink], social distancing behaviors have generally been improving since late October, including in our most recent wave conducted over the holidays. However, the scope of our data collection regarding social distancing, which focused on proximity to others in the 24 hours preceding survey response, might have missed important spikes in proximity around Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year. Therefore, here we evaluate the responses from a survey conducted between December 16th and January 10th, to a separate question asking whether people had gathered for the holidays in November and December."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Baum, Matthew A., 1965- . . .

2021-01-25
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #33: Update on COVID-19 Test Turnaround Times Across the Country

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From the Key Takeaways: "1) Average wait times for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] test results continue to fall steadily (from 3.9 days in March to 2.2 days in December). 2) Racial disparities still exist in testing times: in December, Hispanic and Black respondents waited 0.7 and 0.4 days longer than white respondents, respectively. 3) In December, the average respondent waited 2.4 days between seeking a test and obtaining a test. They waited another 2.2 days to receive test results. 4) Testing is still too slow to support effective contact tracing."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Chwe, Hanyu; Quintana, Alexi; Lazer, David . . .

2021-01-15
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey: Report #14: Misinformation and Vaccine Acceptance

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From the Document: "We surveyed 21,196 individuals across all 50 states plus the District of Columbia. The survey was conducted on 7-26 August 2020 by PureSpectrum via an online, nonprobability sample, with state-level representative quotas for race/ethnicity, age, and gender. [...] In addition to balancing on these dimensions, we reweighted our data using demographic characteristics to match the U.S. population with respect to race/ethnicity, age, gender, education, and living in urban, suburban, or rural areas. This was the ninth in a series of surveys we have been conducting since April 2020, examining attitudes and behaviors regarding COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in the United States."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Ognyanova, Katherine; Quintana, Alexi . . .

2020-09-23
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #15: Public Support for a Fifth COVID-19 Relief Package

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From the Introduction: "To date, Congress has passed four COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] relief packages totaling about $3 trillion, the most recent of which, the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act, was passed on March 27th, 2020. The House of Representatives subsequently passed the $3 trillion Heroes Act on May 15th. [...] Throughout the summer, the House, Senate, and White House have engaged in on-again, off-again talks aimed at agreeing on a fifth relief package. [...] While both sides claim to support such a package, they disagree not only on the amount, but also on the targets for this funding. Democrats favor a combination of direct payments to Americans, extended unemployment insurance, and aid to hospitals, schools, small businesses, the Post Office, and state and local governments. Republicans oppose aid to state and local governments and favor more limited unemployment insurance benefits. But what does the public think? We surveyed 20,315 respondents between September 4- 27, 2020 on attitudes regarding the next COVID-19 relief bill. We asked respondents if they supported such a bill, as well as the types of relief they believed it should include. We also probed whether or not they had received the $300-$400 supplemental unemployment benefit authorized by President Trump's executive order of August 5th."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Ognyanova, Katherine; Chwe, Hanyu . . .

2020-10-01
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #19: Pandemic-Related Factors Associated with Candidate Preferences

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From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and the associated economic fallout is the defining issue of the 2020 presidential election. [...] In this report, we provide preliminary evidence regarding one aspect of the relationship between the ongoing pandemic and the 2020 election. Specifically, we ask about the degree to which vote choice is associated with attitudes and behaviors regarding the pandemic, and whether the pandemic may be making voters who would otherwise be likely to support Donald Trump for re-election reluctant to do so. Throughout, our analysis is restricted to likely participants in the two-party contest this November - that is, respondents who say they are registered to vote, are very likely to vote in the 2020 election or have already voted, and are supporting Joe Biden, Donald Trump, or are undecided."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .

Green, Jon; Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965- . . .

2020-10-30
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #20: Public Opinion Around Federal and State Reactions to COVID-19

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From the Document: "In every month, April through October of 2020, we surveyed individuals in every state about how federal and state governments are reacting to the pandemic. We found a remarkably consistent picture of public opinion: respondents prefer state governments over the federal government when it comes to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Out of 8 waves in 50 states & DC - a total of 408 surveys at the state level - in 402 state-level surveys more people in the state felt the state government was reacting 'about right' to the COVID-19 outbreak as compared to the federal government; and only 6 times did people in a state choose the federal government over their state government."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Green, Jon . . .

2020-10-30
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #22: Executive Approval Update

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From the Document: "Despite the headwinds confronting the country in facing COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], approval of most governors' and President Trump's COVID-19 response did not change greatly between September and October in our survey. President Trump's approval has ticked up a point to 35%, which is still problematically low approval for the most salient issue in the 2020 election by far (in 49 out of 50 states, Alaska being the one exception, COVID-19 is ranked as 'the most important problem'). More generally, after suffering a decline in the spring, the President's approval rating has been flatline around his October rating of 35%. [...] We note that the most recent survey was conducted from October 2nd to 25th. We are in the midst of a large spike of cases in the US, and with enormous geographic variation. The number of daily cases has roughly doubled since we began the survey and has increased by 15% since it concluded. Thus, the question we will address in our next executive approval report is how the current spike in cases will have affected presidential and gubernatorial approval."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Green, Jon . . .

2020-10

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