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Hurricane Dorian: FEMA and Additional Storm-Related Resources [Updated September 3, 2019]
From the Introduction: "This Insight provides a brief overview of emergency and major declarations and federal assistance programs potentially available to those affected by Hurricane Dorian. It also lists resources for forecast information, hurricane and flooding information, and selected CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports on federal emergency management policy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Horn, Diane P.; Lipiec, Eva
2019-09-03
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U.S. Secret Service Protection of Persons and Facilities: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress [March 6, 2019]
"Congress has historically legislated and conducted oversight on the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) because of USSS' public mission of protecting individuals such as the President and his family, and the USSS mission of investigating financial crimes. Most recently, the 115th Congress conducted oversight on challenges facing the Service and held hearings on legislation that addressed costs associated with USSS protective detail operations and special agents' pay. These two issues remain pertinent in the 116th Congress due to recent, but failed, attacks on USSS protectees, and the media's and public's attention on the cost the USSS incurs while protecting President Donald Trump and his family."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2019-03-06
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U.S. Secret Service: History and Missions [June 18, 2014]
"The U.S. Secret Service has two missions--criminal investigations and protection. Criminal investigation activities have expanded since the inception of the Service from a small anti-counterfeiting operation at the end of the Civil War, to now encompassing financial crimes, identity theft, counterfeiting, computer fraud, and computer-based attacks on the nation's financial, banking, and telecommunications infrastructure, among other areas. Protection activities, which have expanded and evolved since the 1890s, include ensuring the safety and security of the President, Vice President, their families, and other identified individuals and locations. In March 2003, the U.S. Secret Service was transferred from the Department of the Treasury to the Department of Homeland Security. Prior to enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296), the U.S. Secret Service had been part of the Treasury Department for over 100 years."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2014-06-18
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U.S. Secret Service: History and Missions [March 25, 2014]
"The U.S. Secret Service has two missions--criminal investigations and protection. Criminal investigation activities have expanded since the inception of the Service from a small anti-counterfeiting operation at the end of the Civil War, to now encompassing financial crimes, identity theft, counterfeiting, computer fraud, and computer-based attacks on the nation's financial, banking, and telecommunications infrastructure, among other areas. Protection activities, which have expanded and evolved since the 1890s, include ensuring the safety and security of the President, Vice President, their families, and other identified individuals and locations. In March 2003, the U.S. Secret Service was transferred from the Department of the Treasury to the Department of Homeland Security. Prior to enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296), the U.S. Secret Service had been part of the Treasury Department for over 100 years. Since the September 2001 terrorist attacks, there have been consistent and continuing questions concerning the U.S. Secret Service. Are the two missions of the Service compatible and how should they be prioritized? Is the Department of Homeland Security the most appropriate organizational and administrative location for the Secret Service? These, and other policy issues such as the Secret Service's role in securing presidential inaugurations, have been raised and addressed at different times by Congress and various administrations during the long history of the Service."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2014-03-25
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Federal Funding of Presidential Nominating Conventions: Overview and Policy Options [January 27, 2014]
"This report provides an overview and analysis of two recurring questions surrounding the federal government's role in financing presidential nominating conventions. First, how much public funding supports presidential nominating conventions? Second, what options exist for changing that amount if Congress chooses to do so? In the 113th Congress, the House has passed legislation (H.R. 2019) to eliminate non-security funding. The Committee on House Administration has reported two other related bills (H.R. 94; H.R. 95). Other bills that would eliminate convention financing include H.R. 260, H.R. 1724, H.R. 2857, and S. 118. Another bill, H.R. 270, would eliminate convention financing but revamp other parts of the presidential public financing program. The 112th Congress also considered legislation to end convention funding. In the Senate, an amendment (containing text from S. 3257) to the 2012 Agriculture Reform, Food and Jobs Act, S. 3240, would have eliminated the convention funding portion of the presidential public financing program. The legislation passed the Senate on June 21, 2012. Separately, S. 194 proposed to eliminate the entire public financing program. Another Senate bill, S. 3312, would reform the public financing program partially by eliminating convention funding. Two measures that would have eliminated convention funding passed the House (H.R. 359 and H.R. 3463). Both would have eliminated the entire public financing program. H.R. 5912 would have eliminated only convention financing. H.R. 414 would have revamped the public financing system but eliminated convention financing. These measures do not appear to affect separate security funding discussed in this report. The 112th Congress enacted one law (P.L. 112-55) in FY2012 that affected convention security funding with the appropriation of $100 million for the Democratic and Republican nominating conventions (each was allocated $50 million). This security funding was not provided to party convention committees but to the state and local law enforcement entities assisting in securing the convention sites."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Garrett, R. Sam, 1977-
2014-01-27
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Inauguration Security: Operations, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress [December 17, 2012]
"Every four years, in January, the President-elect is sworn in as President of the United States. Presidential inauguration ceremonies are unique public events in the District of Columbia. The inauguration ceremonies are public and, like the President's State of the Union address, they are events in which a significant proportion of the American political leadership is in attendance. Consequently, the inauguration is designated as a National Special Security Event (NSSE) by the Department of Homeland Security. NSSEs are events that require significant security, in part because of the attendance of U.S. and foreign dignitaries and the event's public or official nature. Significant funding for inauguration security operations is provided from the U.S. Secret Service's National Special Security Event general account. In limited circumstances, however, Congress has also provided supplemental appropriations to reimburse local jurisdictions for inauguration-related activities. Other inauguration spending is less easily identifiable because it is indirect and a part of typical annual appropriations to the relevant agencies. Because of the absence of specificity, substantive policy analysis on costs associated with inauguration security may be limited."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Straus, Jacob R.; Bailey, Christina M.
2012-12-17
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U.S. Secret Service: An Examination and Analysis of Its Evolving Missions [January 8, 2013]
"The U.S. Secret Service (USSS), a distinct entity within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), has two missions--criminal investigations and protection. Criminal investigation activities encompass financial crimes, identity theft, counterfeiting, computer fraud, and computer-based attacks on the nation's financial, banking, and telecommunications infrastructure. The protection mission is the most prominent of the two, covering the President, Vice President, their families, former Presidents, and major candidates for those offices, along with the White House and the Vice President's residence (through the Service's Uniformed Division). Protective duties of the Service also extend to foreign missions in the District of Columbia and to designated individuals, such as the Homeland Security Secretary and visiting foreign dignitaries. Separate from these specific mandated assignments, USSS is responsible for certain security activities such as National Special Security Events (NSSEs), which included the inaugural ceremony of President Obama, the major party quadrennial national conventions, as well as international conferences and events held in the United States. […] This report frames potential policy questions concerning the Service's mission and organization through an examination of the USSS history and its statutory authorities, mission, and present activities within DHS. Additionally, Appendix B provides information on direct assaults on and threats to Presidents, Presidents-Elect, and candidates."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2013-01-08
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Defining Homeland Security: Analysis and Congressional Considerations [January 8, 2013]
"Ten years after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the U.S. government does not have a single definition for 'homeland security.' Currently, different strategic documents and mission statements offer varying missions that are derived from different homeland security definitions. Historically, the strategic documents framing national homeland security policy have included national strategies produced by the White House and documents developed by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Prior to the 2010 'National Security Strategy', the 2002 and 2007 'National Strategies for Homeland Security' were the guiding documents produced by the White House. In 2011, the White House issued the 'National Strategy for Counterterrorism'. In conjunction with these White House strategies, DHS has developed a series of evolving strategic documents based on the two national homeland security strategies and include the 2008 'Strategic Plan--One Team, One Mission, Securing the Homeland'; the 2010 'Quadrennial Homeland Security Review and Bottom-Up Review'; and the 2012 'Department of Homeland Security Strategic Plan'. The 2012 DHS strategic plan is the latest evolution in DHS's process of defining its mission, goals, and responsibilities. This plan, however, only addresses the department's homeland security purview and is not a document that addresses homeland security missions and responsibilities that are shared across the federal government. Currently, the Department of Homeland Security is developing the 2014 'Quadrennial Homeland Security Review', which is due late 2013 or early 2014."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2013-01-08
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Pope Francis and Selected Global Issues: Background for Papal Address to Congress [September 8, 2015]
"Following a September 19-22 visit to Cuba, Pope Francis is scheduled to visit the United States from September 22-27. His visit will begin in Washington, DC, and include a visit to the White House, a public mass at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, and an address to Congress. Speaker of the House John Boehner invited Pope Francis to address a joint meeting of Congress based on his position as head of state of the Holy See (an international entity analogous to a sovereign state) and his 'social teachings…that have prompted careful reflection and vigorous dialogue.' On September 24, 2015, Pope Francis will become the first pope to address a joint congressional session. […] This report provides Members of Congress with background information on Pope Francis and a summary of a few selected global issues of congressional interest that have figured prominently on his agenda. The background section on Pope Francis includes a biographical sketch of his life as Jorge Mario Bergoglio, followed by a brief overview of his papacy thus far. The report then identifies some--but not all--of the global issues of concern to Pope Francis. Those include environmental stewardship, poverty and inequality, peace and diplomacy, and human trafficking. The report includes one appendix addressing logistical and security concerns surrounding the papal visit and another summarizing the aforementioned encyclical, Laudato Si. It also refers readers to additional sources of information analyzing the extent to which Pope Francis has addressed issues within the Catholic Church, including corruption within the Vatican and the ongoing issue of sexual assault/exploitation by some priests."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando; Reese, Shawn; Straus, Jacob R. . . .
2015-09-08
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First Responder Grant Formulas: The 9/11 Commission Recommendation and Other Options for Congressional Action [Updated October 7, 2004]
"The Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP), now consolidated with the Office for State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness (SLGCP) within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is responsible for administering grant programs to assist first responders (including firefighters, law enforcement personnel, emergency managers, and emergency medical service personnel) in homeland security activities. These assistance programs, such as the State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP), Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI), Assistance to Firefighters (FIRE), and Emergency Management Performance Grant Program (EMPG), provide federal funding to assist in the purchase of equipment, training, exercises, and planning. In FY2003 and FY2004, Congress appropriated a combined total of $7.8 billion for first responder grant programs. The Administration's FY2005 budget request proposes $3.4 billion for these programs. H.R. 4567 (approved by the House of Representatives on June 18, 2004) proposes $3.7 billion, and S. 2537 proposes $3.5 billion. Even though a significant amount of money has been appropriated to assist state and local first responders, however, some observers argue that issues associated with program funding have decreased these programs' effectiveness. [...] The issues examined in this report include proposed alternative funding formulas for first responder grant programs and reported administrative problems that may be responsible for significant delays in grant funds being used by state and local governments. The report discusses options Congress may consider in evaluating these issues. It summarizes how DHS currently administers these programs, the formulas used in allocating funds to states and localities, and the 9/11 Commission's recommendation for state and local homeland security funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2004-10-07
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Department of Homeland Security: FY2013 Appropriations [Updated June 21, 2013]
From the Document: "This report presents an analysis of the discretionary appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for fiscal year 2013 (FY2013). It compares the President's request for FY2013 funding for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the enacted FY2012 appropriations for DHS, the House-passed and Senate-reported DHS appropriations legislation for FY2013, and the final DHS appropriations legislation included in Division D of P.L. 113-6. It tracks legislative action and congressional issues related to these bills with particular attention paid to discretionary funding amounts. The report does not provide indepth analysis of specific issues related to mandatory funding--such as retirement pay--nor does the report systematically follow any other legislation related to the authorization or amendment of DHS programs, activities, or fee revenues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Painter, William L.; Schwemle, Barbara L.; Bjelopera, Jerome P. . . .
2013-06-21
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Department of Homeland Security: FY2015 Appropriations [Updated June 2, 2015]
From the Document: "This report describes and analyzes the discretionary appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for fiscal year 2015 (FY2015). It compares the President's request for FY2015 funding for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the enacted FY2014 appropriations for DHS, the House- and Senate-reported homeland security appropriations measures for FY2015, and the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 114-4)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Painter, William L.; Schwemle, Barbara L.; Bjelopera, Jerome P. . . .
2015-06-02
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National Special Security Events: Fact Sheet [Updated September 16, 2019]
From the Introduction: "Major federal government or public events that are considered to be nationally significant may be designated by the President--or his representative, the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)--as National Special Security Events (NSSE). P.L. 106-544 designated the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) as the lead federal agency responsible for coordinating, planning, exercising, and implementing security for National Special Security Events."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2019-09-16
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Hurricane Dorian: FEMA and Additional Storm-Related Resources [Updated September 6, 2019]
From the Introduction: "On September 6, Hurricane Dorian made landfall as a category 1 storm at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This Insight provides a brief overview of emergency and major declarations and federal assistance programs potentially available to those affected by Hurricane Dorian. It also lists resources for forecast information, hurricane and flooding information, and selected CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports on federal emergency management policy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Horn, Diane P.; Lipiec, Eva
2019-09-06
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Protection of Executive Branch Officials [Updated September 10, 2019]
From the Overview: "Due to the October 2018 attempted bombing attacks on current and former government officials (and others), there may be congressional interest in protective details for government officials. Congress may also be interested due to media reports of costs or budgetary requests associated with funding security details for the Secretaries of some departments or agencies, including the Department of Education, the Department of Labor, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Attacks against political leaders and other public figures have been a consistent security issue in the United States. Since the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) started protecting Presidents in 1906, seven assaults or assassination attempts have occurred, with one resulting in a death (President John F. Kennedy)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Nagel, Jared Conrad
2019-09-10
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State and Urban Area Homeland Security Plans and Exercises: Issues for the 109th Congress [March 3, 2006]
"As Congress continues to address state and urban area homeland security matters, it might opt to review activities funded with federal homeland security assistance to ensure readiness for both terrorist attacks and natural disasters. Two potential activities that Congress might choose to focus on are the certification of state and urban area homeland security plans and the conduct of exercises to test the plans. The Department of Homeland Security requires some plans, but does not certify them, nor does it require regular testing of the plans with exercises. This report addresses possible policy questions associated with homeland security plans and exercises. These questions might be considered important by Congress because they address issues that go beyond the federal allocation of homeland security assistance to how states and urban areas use federal funding to prepare for terrorist attacks and natural disasters. This report will be updated as congressional or executive branch actions warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2006-03-03
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Funding of Presidential Nominating Conventions: An Overview [May 4, 2016]
"During the 113th Congress, legislation (H.R. 2019) became law (P.L. 113-94) eliminating Presidential Election Campaign Fund (PECF) funding for convention operations. The 2012 Democratic and Republican convention committees each received grants, financed with public funds, of approximately $18.2 million (for a total of approximately $36.5 million, as rounded). Barring a change in the status quo, the 2016 presidential nominating conventions will, therefore, be the first since the 1976 election cycle not supported with public funds. Changes in PECF funding for convention operations do not affect separately appropriated security funds. The 114th Congress enacted one law (P.L. 114-113) in FY2016 that affected convention security funding with the appropriation of $100 million for the Democratic and Republican nominating conventions (each was allocated $50 million). This security funding will not be provided to party convention committees but to the state and local law enforcement entities assisting in securing the convention sites."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garrett, R. Sam, 1977-; Reese, Shawn
2016-05-04
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Federal Funding of Presidential Nominating Conventions: Overview and Policy Options [August 22, 2008]
"This report provides an overview and analysis of two recurring questions surrounding the federal government's role in financing presidential nominating conventions. First, how much public funding supports presidential nominating conventions? Second, what options exist for changing that amount if Congress chooses to do so? Both issues have generated controversy in the past and continue to be the subject of legislative debate. Four bills introduced in the 110th Congress propose changes to the structure or amounts of federal funds for presidential nominating conventions. Those bills (H.R. 72, H.R. 484, S. 436, and S. 2412) would affect Presidential Election Campaign Fund (PECF) convention grants. (Two other bills, H.R. 776 and H.R. 4294, would affect nonfederal convention funds.) Congress enacted one law (P.L. 110-161) in FY2008 that affected convention security funding with the appropriation of $100 million for the Democratic and Republican nominating conventions (each were allocated $50 million). This security funding is not provided to party convention committees but to the state and local law enforcement entities assisting in securing the convention sites."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garrett, R. Sam, 1977-; Reese, Shawn
2008-08-22
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U.S. Secret Service: An Examination and Analysis of Its Evolving Missions [March 24, 2009]
"In March 2003, the U.S. Secret Service was transferred from the Department of the Treasury to the Department of Homeland Security as a distinct entity. Prior to enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296), the U.S. Secret Service had been part of the Treasury Department for over 100 years. During an April 2008 hearing on the FY2009 budget request for the U.S. Secret Service, Members of Congress raised questions related to the missions and organizational location of the Service. Are the two missions of the Service compatible and how should they be prioritized? Is the Department of Homeland Security the most appropriate organizational and administrative location for the Secret Service? These, and other policy questions, have been raised and addressed at different times by Congress and various administrations during the long history of the Service. Additionally, there has been increased interest in the Service due to the recent inaugural security operations and the protection of President Barack Obama. Some may contend that these and other questions call for renewed attention given the recent increase in demand for the Service's protection function (for example, see P.L. 110-326 enacted by the 110th Congress) and the advent of new technology used in financial crimes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2009-03-24
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FY2009 Appropriations for State and Local Homeland Security [February 7, 2008]
"The Administration proposes $2.2 billion for FY2009 Department of Homeland Security assistance programs for states and localities. Additionally, the Administration proposes to reduce funding on most of the programs, except the Urban Area Security Initiative, the Citizen Corps Program, and its program for bus security. Because of this, the Administration requests approximately $2.0 billion less than the amount Congress appropriated in FY2008 -- $4.2 billion (P.L. 110-161). This report will be updated when congressional actions warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2008-02-07
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Natural Disasters of 2017: Congressional Considerations Related to FEMA Assistance [December 6, 2017]
"This Insight provides a short overview of issues Congress may consider in its oversight of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) federal assistance during the 2017 hurricane season (e.g., Harvey, Irma, and Maria) and other disasters (e.g., fires in California). For the current status of response efforts, see official government sources and news media."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brown, Jared T.; Horn, Diane P.; Painter, William L. . . .
2017-12-06
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Hurricane Michael: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources [October 11, 2018]
"This Insight provides a brief overview of emergency and major disaster declarations relevant to Hurricane Michael, and selected federal resources and links to CRS [Congressional Budget Office] products related to Stafford Act declarations, disaster response, and recovery. Hurricane Michael made landfall on the panhandle of Florida as a category 4 on October 10, 2018 and affected parts of Georgia. In anticipation of the landfall, President Trump issued an emergency declaration to Florida on October 7, 2018. On October 11, 2018, the President issued an emergency declaration to Georgia, and issued a major disaster declaration to Florida. Authorized under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, emergency declarations may authorize direct federal assistance and grant assistance to affected state and local governments to protect property, ensure public health and safety, and other activities that lessen or avert an incident becoming a catastrophic incident."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Reese, Shawn; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2018-10-11
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Protection of Executive Branch Officials [October 25, 2018]
"Due to recent attempted bombing attacks on current and former government officials (and others), there may be congressional interest in protective details for government officials. Congress may also be interested due to media reports of costs or budgetary requests associated with funding security details for the Secretaries of some departments or agencies,including the Department of Education, the Department of Labor, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Attacks against political leaders and other public figures has been a consistent security issue in the United States. Since the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) started protecting Presidents in 1906, seven assaults or assassination attempts have occurred, with one resulting in a death (President John F. Kennedy). Prior to USSS protection, three sitting presidents have been assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, and William McKinley). In addition, official records and news accounts show that there have been at least 20 attacks against Members of Congress since 1789."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Nagel, Jared Conrad
2018-10-25
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Hurricane Florence: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources [September 13, 2018]
"This Insight provides a brief overview of emergency and major disaster declarations relevant to Hurricane Florence, and selected federal resources and links to CRS products related to emergency and disaster declarations, disaster response,and recovery. Hurricane Florence made landfall at Wrightsville Beach, NC, as a category 1 hurricane on September 14, 2018. In anticipation of the landfall, President Trump has issued emergency declarations to Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Authorized under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (referred to as the Stafford Act-- 42 U.S.C. §§5721 et seq.), emergency declarations trigger aid for protecting property, public health and safety, and other activities that lessen or avert an incident becoming a catastrophic event."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2018-09-13
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U.S. Secret Service Protection of Persons and Facilities [October 25, 2018]
"Due to attempted bombings targeted at former President Barack Obama, and former Secretary of State (and First Lady) Hillary Rodham Clinton, Congress may be interested in U.S. Secret Service (USSS) protective detail operations. USSS conducts two mandated missions--criminal investigations and protection of persons and facilities. Criminal investigations focus primarily on financial crimes, whereas protection focuses on the safety and security of specific government officials. The criminal investigation mission is the USSS's oldest mission; however, the protection mission is the one that receives the most public and media attention. The protection mission is the more visible, and includes the protection of the President, Vice President, their families, former presidents, and major candidates for those offices, along with the White House and Vice President's residence. Protective activities of the USSS also extend to foreign missions (embassies, consulates, residences, and other buildings used by foreign governments) in the District of Columbia and to designated individuals, such as the Department of Homeland Security Secretary and visiting dignitaries. Separate from protecting these specific mandated individuals, USSS is responsible for certain security activities such as National Special Security Events, which include inauguration ceremonies, major party quadrennial national conventions, as well as some international conferences and events held in the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2018-10-25
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FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Process, Determinations, and Appeals [June 22, 2018]
"Individuals and households that suffer uninsured or underinsured losses under a major disaster declaration typically apply for Individual Assistance (IA), administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and may also apply for disaster loans, administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). This report opens with an overview of the two programs and a discussion about how declarations are used to put them into effect. The report also discusses their respective application processes and eligibility criteria used by FEMA and SBA to make grant and loan determinations, respectively. The report then describes the appeals process before concluding with policy observations and considerations. FEMA IA and the SBA Disaster Loan Program are interlaced to a certain degree. Functionally, SBA and FEMA have a computer matching agreement (CMA) to share real-time data on assistance provided to applicants. SBA and FEMA use the interface between their systems to identify potential duplication of benefits (DOB) and determine loan and grant eligibility. From an administrative perspective, eligibility and assistance from one source can impact eligibility and assistance from the other source."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Reese, Shawn
2018-06-22
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U.S. Secret Service: Selected Issues and Executive and Congressional Responses [March 6, 2017]
"Since 1865, the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) has investigated counterfeiting, and since 1901, at the request of congressional leadership, the Service has provided full-time presidential protection. The USSS has two primary purposes which are criminal investigations and protection. Criminal investigation activities include financial crimes, identity theft, counterfeiting, computer fraud, and computer-based attacks on the nation's financial, banking, and telecommunications infrastructure, among other areas. The protection mission covers the President, Vice President, their families, and candidates for those offices. The protection mission also includes the securing of the White House and the Vice President's residence, through the Service's Uniformed Division. Congress has recently increased its oversight of the USSS due to concern about terrorism threats, and several security breaches and misconduct of USSS personnel. Recent incidents include abuse of alcohol by special agents, and security breaches of the White House grounds and presidential protection. Although the USSS is not the only federal law enforcement entity with personnel accused of ethical violations or professional and personal misconduct, it should be noted that USSS security breaches and ethical violations may have greater consequences, particularly concerning presidential protection. This report provides a brief overview of the USSS's missions, structure, and staffing. It examines enacted and proposed changes and reforms stemming from a series of incidents."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2017-03-06
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U.S. Secret Service: Selected Issues and Executive and Congressional Responses [February 22, 2017]
"Since 1865, the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) has investigated counterfeiting, and since 1901, at the request of congressional leadership, the Service has provided full-time presidential protection. The USSS has two primary purposes which are criminal investigations and protection. Criminal investigation activities include financial crimes, identity theft, counterfeiting, computer fraud, and computer-based attacks on the nation's financial, banking, and telecommunications infrastructure, among other areas. The protection mission covers the President, Vice President, their families, and candidates for those offices. The protection mission also includes the securing of the White House and the Vice President's residence, through the Service's Uniformed Division. Congress has recently increased its oversight of the USSS due to concern about terrorism threats, and several security breaches and misconduct of USSS personnel. Recent incidents include abuse of alcohol by special agents, and security breaches of the White House grounds and presidential protection. Although the USSS is not the only federal law enforcement entity with personnel accused of ethical violations or professional and personal misconduct, it should be noted that USSS security breaches and ethical violations may have greater consequences, particularly concerning presidential protection. This report provides a brief overview of the USSS's missions, structure, and staffing. It examines enacted and proposed changes and reforms stemming from a series of incidents."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2017-02-22
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Inauguration Security: Operations, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress [January 11, 2017]
"Every four years, on January 20, the President-elect is sworn in as President of the United States. [...] The inauguration ceremonies are public and, like the President's State of the Union address, they are events in which a significant proportion of the American political leadership is in attendance. Consequently, the inauguration is designated as a National Special Security Event (NSSE) by the Department of Homeland Security. NSSEs are events that require significant security, in part because of the attendance of U.S. and foreign dignitaries and the event's public or official nature. Funding for inauguration security operations is provided from the U.S. Secret Service's National Special Security Event general account [...]. In limited circumstances, however, Congress has also provided supplemental appropriations to reimburse local jurisdictions for inauguration-related activities. Other inauguration spending is less easily identifiable because it is indirect and a part of typical annual appropriations to the relevant agencies. [...] In addition to Congress's responsibility for funding inauguration security operations, Congress also conducts oversight of the security operations. Criticisms of past inauguration security operations and practices generated congressional concern. [...] This report provides information on inauguration security operations and inauguration security appropriations, and it discusses potential policy issues associated with inauguration security operations. It also identifies some policy issues associated with inauguration security operations, including some past inauguration security operations criticisms and inauguration security operation appropriations. Options are provided for congressional consideration for future inauguration and inauguration security planning."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn; Straus, Jacob R.; Bailey, Christina M.
2017-01-11
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National Special Security Events: Fact Sheet [January 25, 2017]
"Major federal government or public events that are considered to be nationally significant may be designated by the President--or his representative, the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)--as National Special Security Events (NSSE). P.L. [Public Law] 106-544 designated the U.S. Secret Service as the lead federal agency responsible for coordinating, planning, exercising, and implementing security for National Special Security Events. [...] Some events categorized as NSSEs include the following: presidential inaugurations, major international summits held in the United States, major sporting events, and presidential nominating conventions. [...] Prior to the establishment of DHS in January 2003, the President determined what events of national significance were designated as NSSEs. Since the establishment of the department, the DHS Secretary--as the President's representative--has had the responsibility to designate NSSEs. NSSE designation factors include the following: anticipated attendance by U.S. officials and foreign dignitaries; size of the event; and significance of the event. Recent NSSEs include President Donald Trump's 2017 inauguration, and the Republican and Democratic presidential candidate nominating conventions in 2016."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2017-01-25
