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Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2018 [December 28, 2018]
"This report lists hundreds of instances in which the United States has used its Armed Forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military deployments, especially U.S. military participation in multinational operations associated with NATO or the United Nations. Most of these post-1980 instances are summaries based on presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers Resolution. A comprehensive commentary regarding any of the instances listed is not undertaken here."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar; Plagakis, Sofia
2018-12-28
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Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007-2018 [Updated May 10, 2019]
From the Document: "Throughout its history, the Department of Defense (DOD) has relied on contractors to support a wide range of military operations. Operations over the last thirty years have highlighted the critical role that contractors play in supporting U.S. troops--both in terms of the number of contractors and the type of work being performed. During recent U.S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, contractors often accounted for 50% or more of the total DOD presence in-country. For the fourth quarter of fiscal year (FY) 2018, U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) reported 49,451 contractor personnel working for DOD within its area of responsibility, which included 28,189 individuals located in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. From FY2009 to FY2018, obligations for all DOD-funded contracts performed within the Iraq and Afghanistan areas of operation totaled approximately $208 billion in FY2019 dollars. In late 2017, the DOD stopped reporting the number of U.S. military personnel deployed in support of operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria as part of its quarterly manpower reports and in other official releases. These data remain withheld."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peters, Heidi M.; Plagakis, Sofia
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Intelligence Community Diversity and Equal Opportunity [December 7, 2020]
From the Summary: "This report looks at the history of congressional and presidential concerns about a lack of diversity in the intelligence community (IC), offers some of the data available, and examines selected policies, practices, and programs that are intended to achieve greater diversity and equal opportunity in the intelligence community. In the late 1980s, U.S. Representative Louis Stokes of Ohio, the only African American ever to serve as chairman of an intelligence committee, singled out diversity in the intelligence community as an issue of operational concern. Since Representative Stokes' initial efforts, the intelligence committees have addressed diversity in the intelligence community through hearings, legislation, and reporting requirements. [...] The intelligence community has used varying definitions of diversity in recent years, but the most authoritative definition is now found in law. The FY2020 Intelligence Authorization Act defines this term for the community as 'diversity of persons based on gender, race, ethnicity, disability status, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, and other demographic categories.' [...] Although the intelligence community has made progress since the period of the 1990s intelligence committee hearings on diversity in the community, its annual demographic data published from FY2015 to FY2018 suggest that its personnel policies, practices, and programs may require additional measures to achieve greater diversity and equal opportunity."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ott, Alan; Plagakis, Sofia
2020-12-07
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Selected Authorities to Obtain DOD Personal Property [November 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Recent controversy in the United States over policing methods has focused attention on transfers of military equipment to police forces nationwide. Under certain circumstances, eligible federal, state, and local agencies may obtain Department of Defense (DOD) 'personal property' (e.g., equipment, clothing, vehicles, aircraft, weapons, ammunition) for use in law enforcement, counterdrug, counterterrorism, border security, and/or humanitarian activities. This In Focus describes statutory authorities that give these agencies the ability to obtain, either temporarily or permanently, DOD personal property."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Plagakis, Sofia; Blum, David A.; Mann, Christopher T.
2020-11-20
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Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2019 [Updated July 17, 2019]
From the Document: "This report lists hundreds of instances in which the United States has used its Armed Forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military deployments, especially U.S. military participation in multinational operations associated with NATO or the United Nations. Most of these post-1980 instances are summaries based on presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers Resolution. A comprehensive commentary regarding any of the instances listed is not undertaken here."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar; Plagakis, Sofia
2019-07-17
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Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2020 [Updated January 13, 2020]
From the Document: "This report lists hundreds of instances in which the United States has used its Armed Forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military deployments, especially U.S. military participation in multinational operations associated with NATO or the United Nations. Most of these post-1980 instances are summaries based on presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers Resolution. A comprehensive commentary regarding any of the instances listed is not undertaken here."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar; Plagakis, Sofia
2020-01-13
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Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2020 [Updated July 20, 2020]
From the Summary: "This report lists hundreds of instances in which the United States has used its Armed Forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military deployments, especially U.S. military participation in multinational operations associated with NATO or the United Nations. Most of these post-1980 instances are summaries based on presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers Resolution. A comprehensive commentary regarding any of the instances listed is not undertaken here. The instances differ greatly in number of forces, purpose, extent of hostilities, and legal authorization."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar; Plagakis, Sofia
2020-07-20
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Military Spouse Employment [August 27, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides information and considerations for Congress with respect to military spouse employment policies and programs. The first section of this report provides background and data on military spouse demographics, employment indicators, and potential implications of negative employment outcomes for military spouses. The second section provides an overview of congressional and executive branch initiatives that have sought to improve employment outcomes for military spouses through (1) direct monetary or in-kind support from DOD (e.g., scholarships, license fee reimbursement, career counseling); (2) outreach and partnerships with states and private businesses; and (3) federal government hiring flexibilities. Next, the report discusses selected legislative proposals in the 116th Congress. The last section provides analysis of the perceived benefits and drawbacks of existing initiatives, and continuing considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kamarck, Kristy N.; Schwemle, Barbara L.; Plagakis, Sofia
2020-08-27
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Military Service Records, Awards, and Unit Histories: A Guide to Locating Sources [Updated May 20, 2019]
From the Summary: "This guide provides information on locating military unit histories and individual service records of discharged, retired, and deceased military personnel. It also provides information on locating and replacing military awards and medals. Included is contact information for military history centers, websites for additional sources of research, and a bibliography of other publications, including related CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Plagakis, Sofia; Torreon, Barbara Salazar
2019-05-20
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