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Extremist Religious Ideologies and Military Strategy
"There are literally hundreds of factions in various countries all over the world that support or have religious ideologies that are considered extreme. They are extreme because they conduct or sponsor violent acts and because they seek to undermine the legitimacy of a nation's government while instilling fear in the hearts and minds of the population. These factions or groups have often used a distorted view of religion to propagate their agenda. At the top of the agenda for some and one of the greatest concerns for America is transnational terrorism and those that use extremist religious ideologies to export it. It is important for military planners to know why extremist religious ideologies exist and why the ideology behind the threat resonates among its supporters. However, the problem is one that has already saturated the contemporary operational environment (COE). Military planners must consider every implication pertaining to extremist ideologies, including extremist religious ideologies in order to develop better strategies that enable successful operations with the COE."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Phillips, William
2006-06-16
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Evolution and Impact of Terrorism in the 20th Century and the U.S. Response
"This document remarks on some of the historical developments in the phenomenon of modern international terrorism and the developing phenomenon of modern international terrorism and the developing U.S. policy response. It reviews the changing nature of terrorism in the 20th century, with particular emphasis on the 1960s to the present, while underscoring the resultant evolution of the American policy response. Some of the more predominant difficulties in coming to terms with the nature of modern terrorism and roadblocks to reducing the scope of international terrorism are identified."
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
Phillips, William M.F.
1989-03
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Policy Decision Process of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Through a Glass Darkly
"The Islamic Republic of Iran remains defiant to the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1696 which demands that "Iran suspend all nuclear enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, including research and development." Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has repeatedly said that Iran's nuclear activities are for peaceful purposes and that, as a sovereign country, Iran has the right to pursue nuclear energy. President Ahmadinejad stated Iran would not stop its nuclear program despite the threat of increasing isolation and international sanctions. Iran has been given numerous opportunities and deadlines to prove to the international community that their nuclear production actions are legitimate according to international laws, treaties and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Yet, Iran has barred all inspection efforts by the IAEA. This defiance of international norms in connection with the possible acquisition of nuclear weapons represents a threat to the interests of the US and its allies and friends in the region. Many have offered numerous ways to possibly to rectify this problem which includes regime change through supporting Iranian opposition groups and conducting limited air strikes on Iran's nuclear production facilities. However, there is no guarantee that these actions will bring about the immediate and long standing result that is required.Perhaps the wisest thing for strategists and planners to do before embarking upon any course of action towards Iran is to analyze Iran's complex political system in order to understand the functionality of the government's policy decision-making process. Iran's political system includes the president, cabinet members, Supreme Council of National Security, 290-member Parliament, head of judiciary and most importantly the Supreme Leader, Council of Experts, Guardian Council, Expediency Council, Internal Security Forces, Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, and Regular Armed Forces. Additionally, these system components are impacted by the informal political system which includes: hardliners, conservatives, and reformers. Each of these institutions and groups exercise significant influence in the development, approval, and the execution of government policy. By understanding Iran's policy decision process and the components of the complex political system strategists and planners could identify better ways to influence the Iranian regime to change its policy toward nuclear activities and to abide by the United Nations Security Resolutions. However, the challenge to understand the Iranian government's decision-making process is formidable and will demand of policy makers that they get beyond strategic ethnocentrism."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Phillips, William
2007-05-18
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National Remotely Piloted Aircraft System
From the thesis abstract: "The value of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) is being recognized across multiple government sectors. In terms of law enforcement, public safety, and defense the utility of these vehicles is rapidly translating to requirements. Fiscal constraints, however, weigh against establishing separate capabilities and agencies across the federal government, all in pursuit of seemingly distinct, but ultimately similar ends. In the pursuit of these ends, however, any given agency must pay due homage to the traditional notion of privacy and civil liberties in this country while executing 'reconnaissance operations' in the domestic environment. This paper will propose the establishment of a centralized federal agency, charged with fulfilling diverse RPA mission sets in support of the domestic security of the United States. It will suggest structure and processes that will allow for servicing law enforcement, defense and other governmental functions through the use of RPA's, while adhering simultaneously to concerns of economy and efficiency. Finally this paper will suggest near term and (if necessary) future safeguards that will allow for these economies and efficiencies without impeding upon the rights of United States persons and citizens."
Army War College (U.S.)
Phillips, William D., Jr.
2011-03-05
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Russian Oil and Natural Gas: Strategic Culture and Security Implications of European Dependence
"This study explores the implications for European political and economic stability posed by dependence on Russian oil and natural gas energy sources. The first section looks into the past actions and strategic culture of Russia to determine if there exists a threat that Russia will deny energy resources to European countries for political or economic gain. The second section analyzes the current calculus of Europe's dependence by determining current and estimated future consumption needs and the feasibility of alternative sources of energy. The third section investigates the importance of revenues that Russia receives from consumption of oil and natural gas exports to Europe on their Gross National Product and economic growth for the future. By understanding Russia's strategic culture and the interdependence of European demand and Russian supply, conclusions are made that determine the threat, risk, and circumstances that Russia will deny energy resources to European countries."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Phillips, William M.C.
2007-12
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