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Tribal Programs: Resource Constraints and Management Weaknesses Can Limit Federal Program Delivery to Tribes, Statement of Anna Maria Ortiz, Director, Natural Resources and Environment, Testimony Before the Subcommittee for Indigenous Peoples of the United States, House of Representatives
From the Document: "As Congress affirmed in the Indian Trust Asset Reform Act, the United States has undertaken a unique trust responsibility to protect and support Indian tribes and Indians. Thus, federal agencies have many programs that provide services to tribes. However, in 2018, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights found that, due to a variety of reasons--including historical discriminatory policies, insufficient resources, and inefficient federal program delivery--Native Americans continue to rank near the bottom of all Americans in terms of health, education, and employment. In February 2017 GAO [Government Accountability Office] designated federal management of programs that serve tribes in education, health care and energy as high risk. This designation is neither reflective of the performance of programs administered by tribes nor directed at tribal activities. This testimony, which is based on reports GAO issued from June 2015 through March 2019 primarily related to education, health care, and energy development, provides examples of (1) capacity and funding constraints and budget uncertainty and (2) management weaknesses that limit the effective delivery of federal programs for tribes and their members."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Ortiz, Anna Maria
2019-11-19
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Native American Issues: Examples of Certain Federal Requirements That Apply to Cultural Resources and Factors That Impact Tribal Consultation, Statement of Anna Maria Ortiz, Director, Natural Resources and Environment, Testimony Before the Subcommittee for Indigenous Peoples of the United States, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "Federal agencies are required in certain circumstances to consult with tribes on infrastructure projects and other activities--such as permitting natural gas pipelines--that may affect tribal natural and cultural resources. [...] The Secretary of Homeland Security has waived federal cultural resource laws that generally require federal agencies to consult with federally recognized tribes to ensure expeditious construction of barriers along the southern U.S. border. This testimony discusses examples of (1) federal laws and regulations that apply to Native American cultural resources and (2) factors that impact the effectiveness of federal agencies' tribal consultation efforts. It is based on reports GAO issued from July 2018 through November 2019 related to federal laws that apply to Native American cultural resources, tribal consultation for infrastructure projects, and border security. It also includes additional information about the consultation requirements in these cultural resource laws and regulations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Ortiz, Anna Maria
2020-02-26
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Native American Issues: Federal Agency Efforts and Challenges Repatriating Cultural Items, Statement of Anna Maria Ortiz, Director, Natural Resources and Environment, Testimony Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "When NAGPRA [Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act] was enacted in 1990, it was estimated that federal agencies and museums had tens of thousands of Native American human remains, funerary objects, and sacred objects in their possession. Such cultural items were added to collections through archeological excavations intended to advance scientific knowledge and preserve cultural items or through discoveries during federal construction projects. The items also have a long history of being stolen from federal and tribal lands and being added to private or institutional collections. Among other things, NAGPRA requires federal agencies and museums to return certain Native American unassociated funerary objects, sacred objects, or objects of cultural patrimony unless the museum or federal agency can provide that it has a right of possession to the objects. The National NAGPRA Program, within the Department of the Interior's National Park Service, facilitates government-wide implementation of NAGPRA. This testimony provides information on (1) federal agencies' efforts to implement NAGPRA; and (2) challenges related to NAGPRA's implementation. It is based on reports GAO issued related to implementation and enforcement of NAGPRA from July 2010 through March 2021. It also includes information about consultation requirements under NAGPRA."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Ortiz, Anna Maria
2022-02-02
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