Advanced search Help
Searching for terms: EXACT: "Normand, Anna E." in: author
Clear all search criteria
Only 2/3! You are seeing results from the Public Collection, not the complete Full Collection. Sign in to search everything (see eligibility).
-
Army Corps of Engineers: FY2020 Appropriations [March 15, 2019]
From the Document: "Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in an annual Energy and Water Development appropriations act. These activities include the planning and construction of water resource projects and the operations and maintenance of infrastructure and navigation improvements managed by USACE (e.g., navigation channels). For USACE civil works, President Trump requested $4.8 billion for FY2020. As shown in Figure 1, Congress typically funds USACE above the President's request for the year (e.g., $7.0 billion for FY2019). This In Focus provides a primer on the USACE appropriations process for FY2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.; Carter, Nicole T.
2019-03-15
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Continuing Authorities Programs [Updated March 13, 2019]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) undertakes water resources development projects pursuant to authorizing statutes and the receipt of appropriations. The standard process for a USACE project requires two separate congressional authorizations--one for studying feasibility and a subsequent one for construction--as well as appropriations for both (see CRS Report R45185, 'Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes'). Congress has granted USACE general authorities to undertake some projects of limited scope and cost without requiring project-specific congressional authorization. These USACE authorities to undertake such projects are referred to as Continuing Authorities Programs (CAPs). Congress has consistently funded eight USACE CAPs in annual appropriations since FY2013."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2019-03-13
-
Army Corps of Engineers: FY2020 Appropriation [Updated May 16, 2019]
From the Document: "Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include planning and construction of water resource projects and operation and maintenance of infrastructure and navigation improvements managed by USACE (e.g., navigation channels). For USACE civil works, President Trump requested $5.0 billion for FY2020, inclusive of a May 13, 2019, amendment to the President's request. As shown in Figure 1, Congress typically funds USACE above the President's request for the year (e.g., $7.0 billion for FY2019). This In Focus is a primer on the USACE appropriations process for FY2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.; Carter, Nicole T.
2019-05-16
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Annual Report on Future Studies and Projects [May 16, 2019]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), through its civil works mission, undertakes water resource development studies and projects and other assistance activities that are specifically authorized by Congress. In Section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act (WRRDA) of 2014 (P.L. 113-121; 33 U.S.C. §2282d), Congress established an annual process for identifying proposals for site-specific studies and projects within USACE's water resource mission and authorities. The process includes a call for nonfederal proposals and concludes with a report by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASACW) to USACE's congressional authorizing committees. Congress authorizes USACE studies and projects prior to appropriating funds and typically considers omnibus USACE water resource authorization bills biennially, typically titled as Water Resources Development Acts (WRDAs). Most project-specific authorizations in WRDAs fall into three categories: feasibility studies, construction projects, or modifications to existing authorizations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2019-05-16
-
Supplemental Appropriations for Army Corps Flood Response and Recovery [February 20, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, or Army Corps) has a prominent role in responding to natural disasters, especially floods, in U.S. states and territories. Congress has provided USACE with authorities to perform emergency flood fighting (e.g., sandbagging and temporary levee construction) and to repair certain nonfederal flood control works damaged by floods and other events. Congress often pays for these activities through supplemental appropriations. Since 2005, Congress also has provided USACE with supplemental appropriations for construction of flood risk reduction projects in states and territories as part of some post-flood disaster response and recovery efforts. Additionally, for incident and disaster responses performed pursuant to other federal authorities, the agency leading the federal effort may task USACE with assignments. These assignments are not funded through USACE budget accounts and are not discussed herein. The discussion below focuses on USACE's emergency flood response and recovery activities pursuant to USACE authorities and supplemental funds, as well as related issues for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carter, Nicole T.; Normand, Anna E.
2020-02-20
-
Dam Safety: Federal Programs and Authorities [Updated December 9, 2019]
From the Document: "In recent years, several incidents have highlighted the public safety risks posed by the failure of dams and related facilities. From 2015 to 2018, over 100 dams breached in North Carolina and South Carolina due to record flooding. In 2017, the near failure of Oroville Dam's spillway in California resulted in a precautionary evacuation of approximately 200,000 people and cost more than $1.1 billion in emergency response and repair. The 2019 failure of Spencer Dam in Nebraska resulted in the first dam-failure fatality in the nation since 2006. In response to these incidents, Congress may consider additional oversight and legislation that could improve dam safety. This In Focus summarizes the U.S. dam inventory, rehabilitation and repair estimates, federal dam safety activities, and related issues for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2019-12-09
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Annual Report on Future Studies and Projects [Updated December 9, 2019]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), through its civil works mission, undertakes water resource development studies and projects and other assistance activities that are specifically authorized by Congress. In Section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act (WRRDA) of 2014 (P.L. 113-121; 33 U.S.C. §2282d), Congress established an annual process for identifying proposals for site-specific studies and projects within USACE's water resource mission and authorities. The process includes a call for nonfederal proposals and concludes with a report by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASACW) to USACE's congressional authorizing committees."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2019-12-09
-
Army Corps of Engineers: FY2020 Appropriations [Updated December 23, 2019]
From the Document: "Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include planning and construction of water resource projects and operation and maintenance of navigation improvements and certain multipurpose and flood control works (e.g., dams). For USACE civil works in FY2020, President Trump requested $4.96 billion, inclusive of a May 13, 2019, amendment to the original request. [...] Congress typically funds USACE above the President's request. For FY2020, Congress provided $7.65 billion (54% above the FY2020 request and 9% above FY2019 enacted) in Division C, Title I of H.R. 1865, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, as signed by the President on December 20, 2019."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carter, Nicole T.; Normand, Anna E.
2019-12-23
-
Flood Resilience and Risk Reduction: Federal Assistance and Programs [Updated December 17, 2019]
From the Summary: "Recent flood disasters have raised congressional and public interest in reducing flood risks and improving 'flood resilience', which is the ability to adapt to, withstand, and rapidly recover from floods. Federal programs that assist communities in reducing their flood risk and improving their flood resilience include programs funding infrastructure projects (e.g., levees, shore protection) and other flood mitigation activities (e.g., nature-based flood risk reduction) and mitigation incentives for communities that participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carter, Nicole T.; Horn, Diane P.; Boyd, Eugene . . .
2019-12-17
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Environmental Infrastructure Assistance [Updated February 27, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) undertakes water resources development projects pursuant to authorizing statutes and the receipt of appropriations. Traditional USACE projects for navigation, flood control, and ecosystem restoration are authorized in omnibus authorization bills often titled Water Resource Development Acts (WRDAs). Since 1992, Congress also has authorized and provided for USACE assistance with planning, design, and construction of municipal drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects in designated communities, counties, and states. This assistance supports publicly owned and operated facilities, such as distribution and collection works, stormwater collection and recycled water distribution, and surface water protection and development projects. This USACE assistance is broadly labeled 'environmental infrastructure' (EI)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2020-02-27
-
Army Corps of Engineers: FY2021 Appropriations [March 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water resource projects and the operation and maintenance of infrastructure and navigation improvements managed by USACE (e.g., navigation channels). For USACE civil works, President Trump requested $5.97 billion for FY2021. As shown in Figure 1, Congress typically funds USACE above the President's request."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.; Carter, Nicole T.
2020-03-16
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Continuing Authorities Programs [Updated January 9, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) undertakes water resources development projects pursuant to authorizing statutes and the receipt of appropriations. The standard process for a USACE project requires two separate congressional authorizations--one for studying feasibility and a subsequent one for construction--as well as appropriations for both (see CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report R45185, 'Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes'). Additionally, Congress has granted USACE programmatic authorities to undertake cost-shared projects of limited scope and cost without requiring project-specific congressional authorization. These programmatic USACE authorities are referred to as Continuing Authorities Programs (CAPs). Congress has consistently funded USACE CAPs above the President's request since FY2013."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2020-01-09
-
Dam Safety Overview and the Federal Role [October 24, 2019]
From the Document: "Dams provide various services, including flood control, hydroelectric power, recreation, navigation, and water supply, but they require maintenance, and sometimes rehabilitation and repair, to ensure public and economic safety. Dam failure or incidents can endanger lives and property, as well as result in loss of services provided by the dam. Federal government agencies reported owning 3% of the more than 90,000 dams listed in the National Inventory of Dams (NID), including some of the largest dams in the United States. The majority of NID-listed dams are owned by private entities, nonfederal governments, and public utilities. Although states have regulatory authority for over 69% of NID-listed dams, the federal government plays a key role in dam safety policies for both federal and nonfederal dams."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2019-10-24
-
Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA): Implementation Updates for Select Provisions [April 27, 2021]
From the Summary: "This report describes select significant implementation updates since DRRA's [Disaster Recovery Reform Act's] enactment, and includes policy considerations for Congress. A companion product, CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report R46774, 'The Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA): Implementation Update Tables for Select Provisions', provides tables that include updates on the status of FEMA's implementation of select DRRA provisions (i.e., implemented, in progress, or unverified). Further, detailed overviews of many DRRA sections, including descriptions of how various disaster assistance programs operated prior to DRRA's implementation and analysis of how DRRA's provisions modified these programs, as well as policy considerations, were previously examined in CRS Report R45819, 'The Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA): A Summary of Selected Statutory Provisions.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Horn, Diane P. . . .
2021-04-27
-
Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA): Implementation Update Tables for Select Provisions [Updated April 27, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA, Division D of P.L. [public law] 115-254) was enacted on October 5, 2018, and is the most comprehensive reform of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) disaster assistance programs since the passage of the Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 (SRIA, Division B of P.L. 113-2) and the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (PKEMRA, P.L. 109-295). DRRA's purpose is to improve pre-disaster planning and mitigation, response, and recovery, and increase FEMA's accountability. To accomplish these objectives, DRRA amended many sections of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act, P.L. 93-288, as amended; 42 U.S.C. [United States Code] §§5121 et seq.). The Stafford Act is the foundational legislation for federal emergency authorities and disaster relief to local, state, territorial, and Indian tribal governments, certain private nonprofit organizations, and individuals and families, as well as emergency management policy. DRRA also provided new standalone authorities, and required rulemaking, reporting to Congress, and other actions by FEMA to support disaster preparedness, and increase FEMA transparency and accountability. [...] This report provides implementation status updates for select DRRA provisions that FEMA says it has implemented or is in the process of implementing."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Horn, Diane P.; Keegan, Natalie . . .
2021-04-27
-
Water Resource Issues in the 116th Congress [Updated February 7, 2019]
"The 116th Congress may conduct oversight and deliberate on authorization and funding of water resource development, management, and protection. Congress engages in authorization and appropriations for water resource projects and activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). USACE constructs projects nationwide, primarily to improve navigation, reduce flood damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. Reclamation constructs projects in the 17 arid states west of the Mississippi River; these projects primarily provide water supply benefits, often to agricultural irrigation users. The 116th Congress, like earlier Congresses, also may consider Indian water rights settlements and may evaluate the focus of and funding for the water resource science activities of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carter, Nicole T.; Stern, Charles V.; Sheikh, Pervaze A. . . .
2019-02-07
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes [Updated April 19, 2019]
From the Document: "At the direction of Congress, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the Department of Defense (DOD) undertakes water resource development activities. USACE develops civil works projects principally to improve navigable channels, reduce flood and storm damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. Congress directs USACE through authorizations and appropriations legislation. Congress often considers USACE authorization legislation biennially and appropriations annually. USACE attracts congressional attention because its projects can have significant local and regional economic benefits and environmental effects. This report summarizes authorization legislation, project delivery, authorities for alternative project delivery, and other USACE authorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carter, Nicole T.; Normand, Anna E.
2019-04-19
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Environmental Infrastructure Assistance [April 19, 2019]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) undertakes water resources development projects pursuant to authorizing statutes and the receipt of appropriations. Traditional USACE projects for navigation, flood control, and ecosystem restoration are authorized in omnibus authorization bills titled Water Resource and Development Acts (WRDAs). Since 1992, Congress also has authorized and provided for USACE assistance with planning, design, and construction of municipal drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects in designated communities, counties, and states. This assistance supports nonfederally owned and operated facilities, such as distribution and collection works, stormwater collection and recycled water distribution, and surface water protection and development projects. This USACE assistance is broadly labeled 'environmental infrastructure' (EI)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2019-04-19
-
Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs [Updated May 3, 2019]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information on the types of water supply and wastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the several existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater treatment. For more than four decades, Congress has authorized and refined several programs to help communities address water supply and wastewater problems. The agencies that administer these programs differ in multiple ways. For example, in terms of funding mechanisms, projects developed by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) typically require direct, individual project authorizations from Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ramseur, Jonathan L.; Boyd, Eugene; Cowan, Tadlock . . .
2019-05-03
-
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process and Issues for Congress [April 21, 2020]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is an agency within the Department of Defense with both military and civil works responsibilities. The agency's civil works activities consist largely of the planning, construction, and operation of water resource projects to maintain navigable channels, reduce the risk of flood and storm damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. Congress directs USACE's civil works activities through authorization legislation, annual and supplemental appropriations, and oversight. Unlike federal funding for highways and municipal water infrastructure, the majority of federal funds provided to USACE are not distributed by formula to states or through competitive grant programs. Instead, USACE generally is directly engaged in the planning and construction of projects. The majority of the agency's appropriations are used to perform work on geographically specific studies and congressionally authorized projects."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.; Carter, Nicole T.
2020-04-21
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Annual Report on Future Studies and Projects [Updated May 6, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), through its civil works mission, undertakes water resource development studies and projects and other assistance activities that are specifically authorized by Congress. In Section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act (WRRDA) of 2014 (P.L. 113-121; 33 U.S.C. §2282d), Congress established an annual process for identifying proposals for site-specific studies and projects within USACE's water resource mission and authorities. The process includes a call for nonfederal proposals and concludes with a report by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASACW) to USACE's congressional authorizing committees."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2020-05-06
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Annual Report on Future Studies and Projects [Updated May 27, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), through its civil works mission, undertakes water resource development studies and projects and other assistance activities that are specifically authorized by Congress. In Section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act (WRRDA) of 2014 (P.L. 113-121; 33 U.S.C. §2282d), Congress established an annual process for identifying proposals for site-specific studies and projects within USACE's water resource mission and authorities. The process includes a call for nonfederal proposals and concludes with a report by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASACW) to USACE's congressional authorizing committees."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2020-05-27
-
Army Corps of Engineers: FY2021 Appropriations [Updated March 24, 2021]
From the Document: "Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water resource projects and the operation and maintenance of infrastructure and navigation improvements managed by USACE. For USACE civil works, President Trump requested $5.97billion for FY2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.; Carter, Nicole T.
2021-03-24
-
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Streamgaging Network: Overview and Issues for Congress [Updated March 2, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Evolving federal policies and user needs from diverse stakeholders have shaped the size, organization, and function of the USGS [United States Geological Survey] streamgage program. This report provides an overview of federal streamgages by describing the function of a streamgage, the data available from streamgage measurements, and the uses of streamgage information. The report also outlines the structure and funding of the USGS Streamgaging Network and discusses potential issues for Congress, such as funding priorities and the future structure of the nation's streamgage network."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2021-03-02
-
Water Resource Issues in the 117th Congress [March 12, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report covers broad categories of water resource topics that the 117th Congress may consider--projects and activities of USACE [U.S. Army Corps of Engineers] and Reclamation, as well as related issues such as Indian water rights settlements, international waters shared with Canada and Mexico, and water resource science at USGS [U.S. Geological Survey]. It also provides information on crosscutting topics, including support for aging and new water resource projects, protection and restoration of the environment, efforts to facilitate flood resilience and natural and nature-based infrastructure, and groundwater recharge."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stern, Charles V.; Carter, Nicole T.; Sheikh, Pervaze A. . . .
2021-03-12
-
Climate Change Adaptation: Department of the Interior [February 25, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report does not analyze climate change science, the causes of multidecadal climate change, or the experienced or projected effects of climate change. Rather, this report describes activities related to climate change adaptation within the Department of the Interior (DOI). The information in this report reflects the state of climate change adaptation activities within DOI and its agencies as of the end of 2020 and does not address activities undertaken under the Biden Administration. Climate change adaptation activities described herein have been implemented both through administrative actions (e.g., executive and secretarial orders and actions taken within agencies' discretion under existing statutory authorities) and pursuant to statutory requirements. This report provides an overview of selected DOI departmental and agency policies, programs, and actions (herein collectively referred to as 'activities') aimed at adapting to experienced and projected effects of climate change. This report focuses on activities related to 'adaptation' to climate change rather than activities related to the 'mitigation' of climate change. For the purposes of this report, 'adaptation' includes activities undertaken to adjust to and prepare for, including through research, the experienced or projected effects of climate change; 'mitigation' includes activities directed at reducing the magnitude of climate change."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crafton, R. Eliot; Comay, Laura B.; DeSantis, Mark K. . . .
2021-02-25
-
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works: Primer and Resources [November 24, 2021]
From the Document: "Congress plays a role in the nation's water resource development [hyperlink] through authorization and appropriations of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) projects and activities. USACE is a Department of Defense agency that develops civil works projects principally to improve navigable channels, reduce flood and storm damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. [...] USACE projects typically require two separate congressional authorizations--one for studying feasibility and one for construction--and appropriations for both. This Insight summarizes the USACE authorization and funding processes and provides links to related resources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.; Carter, Nicole T.
2021-11-24
-
Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Annual Report on Future Studies and Projects [Updated November 23, 2021]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), through its civil works mission, undertakes water resource development studies and projects and other assistance activities that are specifically authorized by Congress. In Section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (WRRDA; P.L. [Public Law] 113-121, 33 U.S.C. [United States Code] §2282d), Congress established an annual process for identifying proposals for site-specific studies and projects within USACE's water resource mission and authorities. The process includes a call for nonfederal proposals and concludes with a report by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASACW) to USACE's congressional authorizing committees. Congress established the Section 7001 process while congressional earmark moratorium policies were in place for both authorizations and appropriations. Although the 117th Congress is pursuing incorporating community project funding (see House [hyperlink] and Senate [hyperlink] appropriations committee websites) into the development of legislation, the Section 7001 process remains active. USACE released the Section 7001 report for 2021 [hyperlink] in November 2021. USACE accepted [hyperlink] nonfederal proposal submissions for the 2022 report from April 30, 2021, through August 30, 2021. The ASACW is to transmit the report in February 2022."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2021-11-23
-
Landsat 9 and the Future of the Sustainable Land Imaging Program [Updated November 4, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched Landsat 9, a remote sensing satellite NASA developed in partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), on September 27, 2021. Landsat 9 is the latest in a series of Earth-observing satellites that began on July 23, 1972, with the launch of Earth Resources Technology Satellite 1, now known as Landsat 1. [...] This report describes the Sustainable Land Imaging Program, Landsat satellite instrumentation, uses of Landsat data, and aspects of Landsat's history. The report also discusses potential alternatives to the current Landsat satellite system and Sustainable Land Imaging Program, as well as possible tradeoffs among those alternatives."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2021-11-04
-
Federally Supported Projects and Programs for Wastewater, Drinking Water, and Water Supply Infrastructure [Updated August 24, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report focuses on programs that support drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects and also municipal and industrial (M&I) water supply projects and activities. This report generally does not address water projects and programs for irrigation, flood control, hydroelectricity, and recreation. However, in some cases [...], a federal program or agency (e.g., Reclamation and USDA) may primarily support one or more of these other objectives while providing some support for M&I activities, even if only incidentally. Other federal authorities (e.g., those of Reclamation and USACE [U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]) may be available to assist with the provision of emergency water and wastewater needs, such as improving access to water supplies during a drought. Such authorities are generally not discussed in this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ramseur, Jonathan L.; Lawhorn, Julie M.; Normand, Anna E. . . .
2021-08-24
