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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated January 12, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The National Bureau of Economic Research declared the start of the current economic downturn in February 2020, marking the end of the longest period of expansion in U.S. history. This expansion followed the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009), a downturn widely considered to be the worst since the Great Depression (August 1929 to March 1933). The unemployment rate rose quickly in March 2020, and by April 2020 it had greatly surpassed its previous peaks observed during and just after the Great Recession. This spike in unemployment coincided with various mandated stay-at-home orders implemented in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other pandemic-related factors affecting U.S. demand. Although unemployment rates have declined since April, the December rate (6.7%) remains almost twice as high as the rate observed during February (3.5%). This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2021-01-12
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated November 6, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The National Bureau of Economic Research declared the start of the current economic downturn in February 2020, marking the end of the longest period of expansion in U.S. history. This expansion followed the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009), a downturn widely considered to be the worst since the Great Depression (August 1929 to March 1933). The unemployment rate rose quickly in March 2020, and by April 2020 it had greatly surpassed its previous peaks observed during and just after the Great Recession. [...] This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The two primary sources are the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. In addition to the usual caveats about estimates (see 'General Data Caveats'), there were additional data challenges caused by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic (see 'COVID-19 Related Data Issues')."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2020-11-06
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated December 7, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant effect on unemployment in every state, industry, and major demographic group in the United States. This report provides information on which groups have experienced the largest increases in unemployment rates since the onset of the pandemic in 2020. Young workers, women, workers with low educational attainment, part-time workers, and racial and ethnic minorities had relatively high unemployment rates in April. Many, but not all, of these groups had relatively high rates in November as well. The report also compares the overall unemployment rate during the current recession with the unemployment rate experienced during the Great Recession."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2020-12-07
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated October 23, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The two primary sources are the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. In addition to the usual caveats about estimates (see 'General Data Caveats'), there were additional data challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (see 'COVID-19 Related Data Issues'). The pandemic led to lower survey response rates by businesses and households, and BLS detected an error in their categorization procedures that likely underestimated unemployment early in the recession. This report generally finds the following: [1] The unemployment rate peaked at a level not seen since data collection started in 1948, in April 2020 before declining to a still-high level in September. [2] In April, every state and the District of Columbia reached unemployment rates greater than their highest unemployment rates during the Great Recession. [3] Unemployment during the current recession is concentrated among workers who were last employed in industries that provide in-person services and among young workers, women, workers with low educational attainment, part-time workers, and racial and ethnic minorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Nyhof, Emma C.; Carter, Jameson A. . . .
2020-10-23
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated February 15, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The National Bureau of Economic Research declared the start of the current economic downturn in February 2020, marking the end of the longest period of expansion in U.S. history. This expansion followed the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009), a downturn widely considered to be the worst since the Great Depression (August 1929 to March 1933). The unemployment rate rose quickly in March 2020, and by April 2020 it had greatly surpassed its previous peaks observed during and just after the Great Recession. This spike in unemployment coincided with various mandated stay-at-home orders implemented in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other pandemic-related factors affecting U.S. demand. Although unemployment rates have declined since April 2020, the rate in January 2021 (6.3%) remains much higher than the rate observed in February 2020 (3.5%). This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2021-02-15
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U.S. Public Health Service: COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations in the 116th Congress [March 11, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report summarizes coronavirus supplemental funding for the public health service agencies and to the PHSSEF [ Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund] in the 116th Congress. It also includes resources for tracking spending. Funding has been provided across five supplemental appropriations measures: [1] 'First Measure:' Division A of the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. [public law] 116-123), enacted on March 6, 2020. [2] 'Second Measure:' Division A of the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA, P.L. 116-127), enacted on March 18, 2020. [3] 'Third Measure:' Division B of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136), enacted on March 27, 2020. [4] 'Fourth Measure:' Division B, of the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (PPPHCEA, P.L. 116-139), enacted on April 24, 2020. [5] 'Fifth Measure:' Division M of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116- 260), enacted on December 27, 2020. This report provides an overview of each of the PHS [U.S. Public Health Service] agencies, as well as the PHSSEF."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sekar, Kavya; Bodie, Agata; Cornell, Ada S. . . .
2021-03-11
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated July 20, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The National Bureau of Economic Research declared February 2020 as the start of the most recent economic downturn, marking the end of the longest period of expansion in U.S. history. This expansion followed the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009), a downturn widely considered to be the worst since the Great Depression (August 1929 to March 1933). The unemployment rate rose quickly in March 2020, and by April 2020 it had greatly surpassed its previous peaks observed during and just after the Great Recession. This rise in unemployment was caused by an unprecedented loss of 22.1 million jobs between January 2020 and April 2020. Many individuals left the labor force over this period, and by April 2020 the labor force participation rate declined to 60.2%, a level not seen since the early 1970s. This deterioration in the U.S. labor market corresponded with various advisory or mandated stay-at-home orders implemented in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other pandemic-related factors affecting U.S. demand. States and localities implemented these orders to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 after it was declared a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. This report discusses the state of the U.S. labor market using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The three primary sources are the Current Population Survey (CPS), the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program, and the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Romero, Paul D.; Carter, Jameson A. . . .
2021-07-20
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Commander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-171) and Veterans COMPACT Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-214) [July 19, 2021]
From the Summary: "Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States and is a significant contributor to premature mortality. Although suicide rates have increased among the U.S. general population over the past two decades, veterans are disproportionately affected by suicide. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), in 2018--the most recent year for which data are available--the suicide rate for veterans was 1.5 times greater than among nonveteran adults (adjusting for age and sex), and an average of 17.6 veterans died by suicide per day. [...] In the 116th Congress, the House and Senate Committees on Veterans' Affairs (HVAC and SVAC, respectively) focused much of their efforts on veteran suicide prevention, holding several hearings and introducing and enacting legislation on the topic. The Commander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act of 2019 (Hannon Act; P.L. [Public Law] 116-171) and the Veterans Comprehensive Prevention, Access to Care, and Treatment Act of 2020 (Veterans COMPACT Act; P.L. 116-214) were enacted at the end of the 116th Congress and were developed out of SVAC and HVAC, respectively. Both bills were enacted as part of a compromise between the two committees. Although they are separate, the bills complement each other in their efforts to increase access to and quality of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mental health and suicide prevention services."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Green, Victoria R.; Panangala, Sidath Viranga; Sussman, Jared S. . . .
2021-07-19
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated August 20, 2021]
From the Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has had a significant effect on labor market metrics for every state, economic sector, and major demographic group in the United States. This report provides information on unemployment rates, labor force participation rates, and nonfarm payrolls in the United States during the ongoing pandemic. It presents CRS [Congressional Research Service] analysis of overall unemployment rate trends during the pandemic. The report first examines these trends nationally, and then at the state and industrial levels. Next, it examines how unemployment rates varied across demographic groups. The report then repeats this analysis, where appropriate, for the labor force participation rate, which sheds light on the size of the workforce willing and available for work. The final portion of the report analyzes the impact the pandemic has had on overall employment and by sector."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Romero, Paul D.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2021-08-20
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated May 20, 2021]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant effect on labor market metrics for every state, economic sector, and major demographic group in the United States. This report provides information on unemployment rates, labor force participation rates, and nonfarm payrolls in the United States during the ongoing pandemic. It presents CRS [Congressional Research Service] analysis of overall unemployment rate trends during the pandemic. The report first examines these trends nationally, and at the state and industrial levels. Next, it examines how unemployment rates varied across demographic groups. The report then repeats this analysis, where appropriate, for the labor force participation rate, which sheds light on the size of the workforce willing and available for work. The final portion of the report analyzes the impact the pandemic has had on overall employment and by sector."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Romero, Paul D.; Carter, Jameson A. . . .
2021-05-20
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated June 15, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report discusses the state of the U.S. labor market using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The three primary sources are the Current Population Survey (CPS), the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program, and the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. In addition to the usual caveats about estimates (see the 'General Data Caveats' section), there were additional data challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (see the 'COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Data Issues' section). [...] This report generally finds the following: [1] The unemployment rate peaked10 in April 2020, at a level not seen since data collection started in 1948, before declining to a level in May 2021 that still remained 2.3 percentage points above the rate observed in February 2020. [2] In April 2020, the labor force participation rate declined to levels not seen since the early 1970s. Labor force participation has improved since then to 61.6%, which remains 1.8 percentage points below its pre-recession level. [3] Nonfarm payrolls shed 22.1 million jobs between January 2020 and April 2020. In May 2021, aggregate employment remained 7.3 million jobs below its pre-recession level."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Romero, Paul D.; Carter, Jameson A. . . .
2021-06-15
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Job Openings and Labor Turnover Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic [March 10, 2022]
From the Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and recession in early 2020 resulted in the swift and marked deterioration of national labor market conditions, with some lasting effects. While public focus has largely been on headline labor market indicators, such as the unemployment rate and job numbers, pandemic impacts are also reflected in official job openings and labor turnover statistics. As the economy recovers, reports of labor shortages in some sectors have drawn greater interest in these indicators. This report analyzes both long-term and recent trends for U.S. job openings, hires, quits, and layoffs as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) at the national and sector level."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Romero, Paul D.; Nicchitta, Isaac A.; Donovan, Sarah A.
2022-03-10
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