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• 2004 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is responsible for monitoring the more than 40 historically active volcanoes of the Aleutian arc (fig. 1). As of December 31, 2004, 27 of these volcanoes are instrumented with seismometers to track earthquake activity, and AVO seismolo¬gists have defined a background level of activity for each of these volcanoes (fig. 2; table 1). AVO's routine monitoring program also includes daily analysis of satellite imagery, occasional observational overflights, and compilation of pilot reports and observations of local residents and mariners. Additionally, AVO receives real-time deformation information from permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) stations at four Alaskan volcanoes (Okmok, Augustine, Akutan, and Mount Spurr). 2004 began quietly in Alaska, continuing a trend of little volcanic unrest that has persist¬ed for several years. On January 9, AVO announced the beginning of formal seismic monitoring of Okmok Volcano following an extended period of calibration and improvement of the seismic network installed initially in 2002-2003. Gareloi and Tanaga volcanoes in the western Aleutians were added to the list of seismically monitored volcanoes in early June following determination of background seismicity. During the remainder of the year, AVO responded to volcanic unrest at three volcanoes in Alaska--Mount Spurr, Veniaminof, and Shishaldin (figs. 1, 2; table 2). As part of a formal agreement between AVO and several scientific institutes in Petropav¬lovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia, AVO is responsible for disseminating information on behalf of the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT; Kirianov and others, 2002)."

  Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Dixon, James P. (James Patrick), 1962-

  2005
• 2003 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) monitors the more than 40 historically active volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc. Of these, 24 were considered monitored in real time with short-period seismic instrument networks as of the end of 2003 (figs. 1, 2) (Dixon and others, 2004). The AVO core monitoring program also includes daily analysis of satellite imagery, observation over flights, and compilation of pilot reports and reports from local residents and mariners. In 2003, AVO responded to eruptive activity or suspected volcanic activity at or near 10 volcanic centers (fig. 1; tables 1, 2): Wrangell, Redoubt, Iliamna, Augustine, Mageik, Veniaminof, Pavlof, Emmons Lake (Hague), Shishaldin, and Akutan volcanoes. In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaska volcanoes, AVO assisted in the dissemination of information for the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) about the 2003 activity of 6 Russian volcanoes: Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karym¬sky, Alaid, and Chikurachki volcanoes (fig. 22; tables 3, 4). Due to prevailing wind directions, erupting Kamchatkan, Kurile Island, and Alaskan volcanoes pose a serious potential threat to aircraft in the North Pacific (fig. 3). This report summarizes volcanic activity and AVO responses during 2003, as well as information on the reported activity at Russian volcanoes."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Girina, Olga

  2005
• 2002 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) tracks activity at the more than 40 historically active volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc (fig. 1). As of December 31, 2002, 24 of these volcanoes are monitored with short-period seismometer networks (fig. 2). AVO's monitoring program also includes daily analysis of satellite imagery supported by occasional over flights and compilation of pilot reports, observations of local residents, and observations of mariners. In 2002, AVO responded to eruptive activity or suspect volcanic activity at 6 volcanic.centers in Alaska --Wrangell, the Katmai Group, Veniaminof, Shishaldin, Emmons Lake (Hague), and Great Sitkin volcanoes […]. In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaskan volcanoes, AVO also disseminated information on behalf of the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) about activity at 5 Russian.volcanoes--Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karymsky, and Chikurachki. This report summarizes volcanic activity in Alaska and Kamchatka in 2002 and describes AVO's response. Only those reports or inquiries that resulted in a 'significant' investment of staff time and energy (somewhat arbitrarily defined as several hours or more for reaction, tracking, and follow-up) are included. AVO typically receives dozens of reports of steaming, unusual cloud sightings, or false eruption reports throughout the year. Most of these are resolved quickly and are not tabulated here as part of the response record. On rare occasions, AVO issues an information release to dispel rumors of volcanic activity. The phrase 'suspect volcanic activity' (SVA), used to characterize several responses, is unusual activity that is subsequently determined to be normal or enhanced fumarolic activity, weather-related phenomena, or other non-volcanic event."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Girina, Olga
• 2005 Volcanic Activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptive activity or suspected volcanic activity at or near 16 volcanoes in Alaska during 2005, including the high profile precursory activity associated with the 2005--06 eruption of Augustine Volcano. AVO continues to participate in distributing information about eruptive activity on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, and in the Kurile Islands of the Russian Far East, in conjunction with the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) and the Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT), respectively. In 2005, AVO helped broadcast alerts about activity at 8 Russian volcanoes. The most serious hazard posed from volcanic eruptions in Alaska, Kamchatka, or the Kurile Islands is the placement of ash into the atmosphere at altitudes traversed by jet aircraft along the North Pacific and Russian Trans East air routes. AVO, KVERT, and SVERT work collaboratively with the National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers to provide timely warnings of volcanic eruptions and the production and movement of ash clouds."

  Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Dixon, James P. (James Patrick), 1962-

  2008
• 1999 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) monitors 41 historically active volcanoes along the Aleutian Arc (fig. 1a). Twenty are seismically monitored and for the rest, the AVO monitoring program relies mainly on daily analysis of satellite images, pilot reports, and observations of local residents and ship's crews. In 1999, AVO responded to eruptive activity or suspect volcanic activity at 7 volcanic centers (tables 1 & 2; fig. 1a): Wrangell, Shrub mud volcano, Iliamna, Veniaminof, Pavlof, Shishaldin, and Vsevidof volcanoes. Of these, in 1999, AVO had real-time, continuously recording seismic networks at Iliamna, and Shishaldin. The phrase 'suspect volcanic activity' (SVA), used to characterize several responses, is an eruption report or report of unusual activity that is subsequently determined to be normal or enhanced fumarolic activity, weather-related phenomena, or a non-volcanic event. In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaska volcanoes, AVO also disseminated information for the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) about the 1999 activity of four Russian volcanoes: Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezimianny, and Karymsky volcanoes (fig. 14; table 4). This report summarizes volcanic activity and SVA in Alaska during 1999 and the AVO response, as well as information on the reported activity at the Russian volcanoes."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Girina, Olga
• 1998 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) monitors the more than 40 historically active volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc. Of these, 20 are monitored with short-period seismic instrument networks as of the end of 1998 (fig. 1 a,b). The AVO core monitoring program also includes daily analysis of satellite imagery, overflights, compilation of pilot reports and observations from local residents and ship crews. In 1998, AVO responded to eruptive activity or suspected volcanic activity at or near 7 volcanic centers (fig. 1 a,b; tables 1, 2); Shrub mud volcano, Augustine, Becharof Lake near Ukinrek Maars, Chiginagak, Shishaldin, Akutan, and Korovin. In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaska volcanoes, AVO assisted in the dissemination of information for the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) about the 1998 activity of 4 Russian volcanoes--Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Karymsky (fig. 10; table 3). Due to prevailing wind directions, Kamchatkan volcanoes pose a serious threat to aircraft in the North Pacific (fig. 11). This report summarizes volcanic activity and AVO responses during 1998, as well as information on the reported activity at Russian volcanoes."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Girina, Olga
• 1996 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "During 1996, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptive activity, anomalous seismicity, or suspected volcanic activity at 10 of the approximately 40 active volcanic centers in the state of Alaska (fig. 1). These events included a dramatic volcano-seismic crisis at Akutan and a vigorous strombolian eruption at Pavlof. As part of a formal role in KVERT (the Kamchatkan Volcano Eruption Response Team; Miller and Kurianov, 1993), AVO staff also disseminated information about eruptions and other volcanic unrest at six volcanic centers on the Kamchatka Peninsula and in the Kurile Islands. 1996 saw significant expansion of AVO's instrumental monitoring networks. With supplemental funding from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), AVO more than doubled the number of instrumented volcanoes adding Griggs, Katmai, Novarupta, Trident, Mageik, and Martin (collectively called the 'Katmai area volcanoes'), Pavlof, Dutton, Akutan, and Makushin to the real-time seismic network (fig 2; table 1). Seismic data from these volcanoes are relayed via radio telemetry and telephone to AVO facilities in Anchorage and Fairbanks where they are displayed in real-time, analyzed, and archived. An alarm system alerts AVO to unusual seismicity during nonbusiness hours, and AVO scientists now have the ability to monitor levels of seismicity remotely via the internet. Not surprisingly, this increase in the number of monitored volcanoes has significantly increased the work load for all components of the AVO organization. This report presents a summary of responses to volcanic activity and increased seismicity in Alaska, the Russian Far East, and the Kuriles during 1996."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-

  1997
• 2000 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) monitors the more than 40 historically active volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc. Of these, 22 were monitored with short-period seismic instrument networks as of the end of 2000 (figs. 1a,b). The core AVO monitoring program also includes daily analysis of satellite imagery, compilation of pilot reports, observations from local residents and mariners, and occasional overflights. In 2000, AVO responded to eruptive activity or suspect volcanic activity at 4 volcanic centers in Alaska (Wrangell, Snowy, Chiginagak, and Shishaldin; figs. 1 a,b; tables 1, 2). In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaska volcanoes, AVO also assisted in the dissemination of information for the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) about activity of 5 Russian volcanoes in 2000 (Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karymsky, and Mutnovsky; fig. 5; table 3). This report summarizes volcanic activity and the AVO response during 2000."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Chubarova, Olga
• 1994 Volcanic Activity in Alaska: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "During 1994, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, or false alarms at nine volcanic centers--Mount Sanford, Iliamna, the Katmai group, Kupreanof, Mount Veniaminof, Shishaldin, Makushin, Mount Cleveland and Kanaga (table 1). Of these volcanoes, AVO has a real time, continuously recording seismic network only at Iliamna, which is located in the Cook Inlet area of south-central Alaska (fig. 1). AVO has dialup access to seismic data from a 5-station network in the general region of the Katmai group of volcanoes. The remaining unmonitored volcanoes are located in sparsely populated areas of the Wrangell Mountains, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Aleutian Islands (fig. 1). For these volcanoes, the AVO monitoring program relies chiefly on receipt of pilot reports, observations of local residents and analysis of satellite imagery. This report presents a summary of volcanic activity in Alaska during 1994 and documents the AVO response. In this compilation, only those reports or inquiries which resulted in a 'significant' investment of staff time and energy (here defined as an hour or more for reaction, tracking, and follow-up) are included. Typically, AVO receives many dozens of phone calls throughout the year reporting steaming, unusual cloud sightings, or eruption rumors. Most of these are dealt with very quickly and are not tabulated here as part of the 1994 response record."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Doukas, Michael P.

  1995
• 2001 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) monitors the more than 40 historically active volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc. Of these, 22 are monitored with short-period seismic instrument networks as of the end of 2001 (fig. 1 a,b). The AVO core monitoring program also includes daily analysis of satellite imagery, observation overflights, compilation of pilot reports and reports from local resi¬dents and mariners. In 2001, AVO responded to eruptive activity or suspected volcanic activity at or near 8 volcanic centers (fig. 1 a,b; tables 1, 2); Snowy and Kukak of the Kamai Group, Pavlof, Frosty, Shishaldin, Makushin, Okmok, Cleveland, and Great Sitkin volcanoes. In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaskan volcanoes, AVO assisted in the dissemi¬nation of information for the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) regarding the 2001 activity of 5 Russian volcanoes--Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karymsky, and Avachinsky volcanoes (fig. 21; table 3). Due to prevailing wind directions, erupting Kamchatkan and Alaskan volcanoes pose a serious threat to aircraft in the North Pacific (fig. 3). This report summarizes volcanic activity and AVO responses during 2001, as well as information on the reported activity at Russian volcanoes."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Girina, Olga
• 1993 Volcanic Activity in Alaska: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "During 1993, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to episodes of eruptive activity or false alarms at nine volcanic centers in the state of Alaska. Additionally, as part of a formal role in KVERT (the Kamchatkan Volcano Eruption Response Team), AVO staff also responded to eruptions on the Kamchatka Peninsula, details of which are summarized in Miller and Kirianov (1993). In 1993, AVO maintained seismic instrumentation networks on four volcanoes of the Cook Inlet region--Spurr, Redoubt, Iliamna, and Augustine--and two stations at Dutton Volcano near King Cove on the Alaska Peninsula. Other routine elements of AVO's volcano monitoring program in Alaska include periodic airborne measurement of volcanic SO2 and CO2 at Cook Inlet volcanoes (Doukas, 1995) and maintenance of a lightning detection system in Cook Inlet (Paskievitch and others, 1995). [...]. This report presents a summary of responses to reported volcanic activity in Alaska during 1993. Only those events which resulted in a significant investment of AVO staff time and energy (here defined arbitrarily as at least several hours for reaction, tracking, and followup) are included. Typically, over the course of any given year, AVO receives many dozens of phone calls reporting steaming, unusual cloud sightings, or eruption rumors. Most of these are dealt with rapidly (less than 1 hour) and are not tabulated in this report. The phrase 'false alarm', used to characterize several responses, is an eruption report or a report of unusual activity that is subsequently determined to be normal or enhanced fumarolic activity, weather-related phenomena, or a non-volcanic event."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-; Doukas, Michael P.

  1996
• Preliminary Volcano-Hazard Assessment for Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska

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  "Aniakchak is an active volcano located on the Alaska Peninsula 670 kilometers southwest of Anchorage. The volcano consists of a dramatic, 10-kilometer-diameter, 0.5 to 1.0-kilometer-deep caldera that formed during a catastrophic eruption 3,500 years ago. Since then, at least a dozen separate vents within the caldera have erupted, often explosively, to produce lava flows and widespread tephra (ash) deposits. The most recent eruption at Aniakchak occurred in 1931 and was one of the largest explosive eruptions in Alaska in the last 100 years. Although Aniakchak volcano presently shows no signs of unrest, explosive and nonexplosive eruptions will occur in the future. Awareness of the hazards posed by future eruptions is a key factor in minimizing impact."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Miller, Thomas P.; Neal, Christina, 1959-

  2001
• 1995 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptive activity or suspected volcanic activity (SVA) at 6 volcanic centers in 1995 (tables 1, 2): Mount Martin (Katmai Group), Mount Veniaminof, Shishaldin, Makushin, Kliuchef/Korovin, and Kanaga. Of these, AVO has a realtime, continuously recording seismic network only at the Katmai Group. The remaining unmonitored volcanoes are located in sparsely populated and uninhabited areas of the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands (fig. 1). For these volcanoes, the AVO monitoring program relies mainly on pilot reports, observations of local residents and ship crews, and analysis of satellite images. The phrase 'suspected volcanic activity', used to characterize several responses, is an eruption report or report of unusual activity that is subsequently determined to be normal or enhanced fumarolic activity, weather-related phenomena, or a non-volcanic event. In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaska volcanoes, AVO also disseminated information for the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) on the 1995 eruptions of 2 Russian volcanoes--Bezymianny and Karymsky (fig. 6; table 3). This report summarizes volcanic activity in Alaska during 1995 and the AVO response, as well as information on the 2 Kamchatkan eruptions."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Neal, Christina, 1959-

  1996
• Airborne Volcanic Ash - A Global Threat to Aviation

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  "The world's busy air traffic corridors pass over or downwind of hundreds of volcanoes capable of hazardous explosive eruptions. The risk to aviation from volcanic activity is significant--in the United States alone, aircraft carry about 300,000 passengers and hundreds of millions of dollars of cargo near active volcanoes each day. Costly disruption of flight operations in Europe and North America in 2010 in the wake of a moderate-size eruption in Iceland clearly demonstrates how eruptions can have global impacts on the aviation industry. Airborne volcanic ash can be a serious hazard to aviation even hundreds of miles from an eruption. Encounters with high-concentration ash clouds can diminish visibility, damage flight control systems, and cause jet engines to fail. Encounters with low-concentration clouds of volcanic ash and aerosols can accelerate wear on engine and aircraft components, resulting in premature replacement. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with national and international partners, is playing a leading role in the international effort to reduce the risk posed to aircraft by volcanic eruptions."

  Geological Survey (U.S.)

  Guffanti, Marianne; Neal, Christina, 1959-

  2010-12
• Preliminary Analyses of Volcanic Hazards at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 2017-2018

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  From the Introduction: "From 2017 to 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) responded to ongoing and changing eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano as part of its mission to monitor volcanic processes, issue warnings of dangerous activity, and assess volcanic hazards. To formalize short-term hazards assessments--and, in some cases, issue prognoses for future activity--and make results discoverable to both the public and the authorities, HVO released reports online. These reports were published rapidly, received peer review under the USGS's Fundamental Science Practice guidelines, and were intended to address a focused question posed by one or more cooperating agencies--for this reason, they were called 'cooperator reports.' This Open-File Report concatenates four such products issued in 2017 and 2018 into a single publication. These reports have been reformatted and lightly edited for clarity, but the content has not otherwise been changed from the versions first publicly released."

  Geological Survey (U.S.); United States. Department of the Interior

  Neal, Christina, 1959-; Anderson, Kyle R.

  2020