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Impact of Gangs on Communities
"This bulletin considers the impact of gang-related criminal activity on communities. To assess this, however, it is important to take into account the scope and nature of gang activity in different size communities, because gang impact on communities varies in accordance with their differing characteristics. This is the point of departure in this bulletin. Next, the impact of youth gangs on communities in several contexts is examined: the impact of gang members' criminal activity, general community impact, violent gang criminal activity, gang members returning from prison, gang migration and immigration, gangs in schools, and the economic impact of gangs."
National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
Howell, James C.
2006-08
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Gangs in Small Towns and Rural Counties
"Your community is not alone if you have an emerging youth gang problem. Many small towns and rural areas are experiencing gang problems for the first time. In other communities, local observers jump to the mistaken conclusion that gangs are present. This may occur because small groups of delinquents are very common, even in the smallest communities. Adolescents enjoy hanging out together, and the reality is that juvenile delinquency is often committed in groups. The visibility of these groups in shopping malls and on street corners and their frequent troublesome behavior may suggest gang involvement. Another factor that may lead to the mistaken conclusion that a gang problem exists is the recent transfusion of gang culture into the larger youth culture. Certain clothing styles and colors commonly worn by gang members have become faddish in the popular youth culture. One need only watch MTV for a short period of time to see the popularity of what once were considered exclusively to be gang symbols. Even if local youths are displaying gang symbols such as the colors of big city gangs, this alone does not necessarily signify a genuine gang problem. Local groups of youths often imitate big city gangs, generally in an attempt to enhance their self-image or to seek popularity and acceptance among their peers"
National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
Egley, Arlen; Howell, James C.
2005-06
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Mobilizing Communities to Address Gang Problems
"A proven, effective set of prescribed steps for mobilizing communities to address gang problems does not exist. This review of the literature on community-mobilization initiatives was undertaken to identify potentially effective steps, with the aim of laying the groundwork for pilot-testing them. The review begins with a discussion of definitions pertaining to community mobilization, followed by an examination of the history of initiatives that have addressed gang problems. This is followed by a review of research on community-mobilization implementation in five gang program demonstration sites. This report concludes with suggested key elements of successful community mobilization."
National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
Howell, James C.; Curry, G. David
2009-01
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Multidisciplinary Gang Intervention Teams
"Gang membership is again on the rise in many communities and with it, corresponding levels of crime and violence. Professionals dealing with gangs are seeking alternatives to traditional 'hook 'em and book 'em' approaches. Some communities are implementing multidisciplinary teams to intervene with gang members and implement targeted suppression strategies. These teams involve agency personnel from different fields who share information, develop individualized intervention plans for gang-involved youth and young adults, and collaborate on a variety of strategies. These teams can increase the effectiveness of individual agency efforts, reduce duplication of services, increase access to needed services, and ensure that gang members are held accountable for their actions. This bulletin overviews lessons learned during the implementation of team-based approaches such as the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Comprehensive Gang Model and Gang Reduction Program in cities around the United States."
National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
Arciaga, Michelle
2007-08
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Property Abatements-The Other Gang Injunction Project T.O.U.G.H.
This report discusses gang activities in urban areas. From the text: "According to the Los Angeles Police Department, in the City of Los Angeles, approximately 60 percent of crimes occur at 10 percent of the properties--a statistic that is probably not exclusive to Los Angeles. The purpose of property abatements is to target the properties where people are repeatedly arrested but where criminal activities nonetheless persist. When these 10 percent of properties are connected to gang activity--which is increasingly the case--a nuisance property abatement action is initiated by prosecutors assigned to Project T.O.U.G.H. (Taking Out Urban Gang Headquarters), a specialized unit of the criminal branch of the Los Angeles City Attorney's Office. The nuisance abatement action improves conditions at the property so that criminals will not be able to use the property anymore. Gang property abatements are a critical, but sometimes overlooked, weapon in law enforcement's arsenal against gangs. Community members who work, live, or go to school in gang-plagued areas often are aware of private properties in their neighborhoods that are used by gangs to engage in criminal activity. For gang members, these properties are essential to their survival because they provide a safe haven to sell drugs and engage in other criminal activity."
National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
Cristall, Jonathan; Forman-Echols, Liora
2009-09
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Gang-Related Witness Intimidation
"Witness intimidation--which includes threats against the victims of crime--strikes at the root of the criminal justice system by denying critical evidence to police investigators and prosecutors and undermining the confidence of the whole community in the government's ability to protect and represent the members of the community. Unfortunately, gang members so frequently engage in witness intimidation that it is considered part of normal gang behavioral dynamics. Intimidation may be aimed at individual witnesses, either in a direct or indirect fashion, or may be something felt by an entire community living with the impact of an active criminal street gang in its midst. Meaningful control of gang crime requires minimizing the incidents and effects of gang-related witness intimidation. A number of strategies exist to offset the impacts of gang-related witness intimidation. Traditionally used strategies include intensive witness management, immediate apprehension and aggressive prosecution of intimidators, setting high bail in cases of gang violence (especially gang-related witness intimidation), creation and use of influential victim/witness assistance programs, and occasional relocation of threatened witnesses. Promising new approaches include increasing prosecutions of witness intimidation incidents and amending the rules of evidence in some states to allow the admission of a prior sworn statement or grand-jury testimony if the defendant causes the witness to be unavailable."
National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
Anderson, John
2007-02
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Youth Gang Bibliography
This document represents a compilation of gang-related resources available. Published by the National Youth Gang Center in 2008, publications listed include books, papers, fact sheets, and other reputable resources covering several decades of gang activity.
National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
Howell, James C.
2008-07
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