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• Fight Against Rampant Gun Violence: Data-Driven Scientific Research Will Light the Way

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  From the Webpage: "A data point will not stop a bullet, but evidence-based research grounded in reliable science is a proven pathway for addressing the gun violence crisis in the United States. For a quarter century, studies supported by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) have made clear that multifaceted, data-driven, strategic approaches to firearms violence research have the potential to stem gun traffic, cut down on shootings, and save lives. In several communities, they have already done so. A recent exhaustive study of motivations for gun possession and use by young people in violence-torn sections of three New York City boroughs confirms that fear and the desire for physical safety, more than any criminal inclination, drive young people to carry and use firearms. Another recent NIJ-supported study, made possible by quantum leaps in computing power, has harnessed big data to help measure the impact of socioeconomic factors and specific physical features of an urban environment--like gas stations and overgrown lots--on gun violence."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Lopez, Basia; Haskins, Paul A.

  2021-12-02
• Public Mass Shootings: Database Amasses Details of a Half Century of U.S. Mass Shootings with Firearms, Generating Psychosocial Histories

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  This article provides an overview of the release of a National Institute of Justice funded research project on mass shootings in the United states. From the Article: "Persons who committed public mass shootings in the U.S. over the last half century were commonly troubled by personal trauma before their shooting incidents, nearly always in a state of crisis at the time, and, in most cases, engaged in leaking their plans before opening fire. Most were insiders of a targeted institution, such as an employee or student. Except for young school shooters who stole the guns from family members, most used legally obtained handguns in those shootings. Those are prominent traits of persons who have engaged in public mass shootings - that is, a shooting that kills four or more people - collected in a comprehensive new database of identified U.S. mass shootings from 1966 to 2019. The data on 172 mass public shooters cover more than 150 psychosocial history variables, such as those individuals' mental health history, past trauma, interest in past shootings, and situational triggers. With support from the National Institute of Justice, The Violence Project database has drawn data exclusively from open sources such as social media sites and online newspapers. The aim is to build a broader understanding on the part of the public, the justice system, and the research community of who mass shooters are and what motivates their decision to discharge firearms at multiple people. As part of the project, researchers also separately interviewed persons in prison who had engaged in mass shootings, in part to look for shared traits."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  2022-02-03
• Practice Profile: Counter-Narratives for the Prevention of Violent Radicalization

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  From the Practice Summary: "This practice involves the use of counter-narratives, which attempt to challenge and deconstruct narratives suggesting extremist ideologies, to prevent the violent radicalization of participants. Types of counter-narratives include counter-stereotypical exemplar, persuasion, and inoculation. The practice is rated Effective for reducing risk factors for violent radicalization in participants, compared with participants in control groups."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Carthy, Sarah

  2021-11-02
• International Perspectives and Lessons Learned on Desistance

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  From the Executive Summary: "Since the mid-1990s, there has been a sustained research effort in many countries to further knowledge about why people stop offending. This white paper focuses on international interventions that have been initiated to foster desistance. The paper first discusses how desistance has been defined and operationalized, and reviews the main associates and correlates of desistance. It then critiques many criminal justice systems' desistance-promoting elements and presents the lessons learned from various countries that have pursued such policies. Finally, it discusses some of the interventions that appear likely to support and promote desistance. [...] The paper examines the very few studies that explore variations in these processes by ethnicity as well as studies that are cross-national."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Farrall, Stephen

  2021-11-01
• Impact of Shift Length in Policing on Performance, Health, Quality of Life, Sleep, Fatigue, and Extra-Duty Employment

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  "Most law enforcement agencies have traditionally deployed their patrol officers based on a 40-hour workweek in which personnel work five consecutive, 8-hour shifts, followed by two days off. In recent years, however, an increasing number of agencies have moved to some variant of a compressed workweek (CWW) schedule in which officers work four 10-hour shifts per week or three 12-hour shifts (plus a time adjustment to make up the remaining 4 hours of the standard 40-hour workweek). While this trend towards CWWs has been moving apace, there have been few, if any, rigorous scientific studies examining the advantages and disadvantages associated with these work schedules for officers and their agencies. In this report, we present data on the prevalence of CWWs in American law enforcement in recent years and provide results from the first known comprehensive randomized experiment exploring the effects of shift length (8- vs. 10- vs. 12-hours) on work performance, safety, health, quality of life, sleep, fatigue, off-duty employment, and overtime usage among police officers. We implemented a randomized block experiment in Detroit (MI) and Arlington (TX), in which the blocks include site (i.e., Detroit, Arlington) as well as shift (day, evening, midnight) in order to examine the effects of the three shift lengths on various outcomes. Work performance was measured using both laboratory simulations and departmental data. Health, quality of life, sleep, sleepiness, off-duty employment, and overtime hours were measured via self-report measures including surveys, sleep diaries, and alertness logs. Fatigue was measured using both objective, laboratory-based instruments, and subjective reports of sleepiness."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Amendola, Karen L.; Weisburd, David; Hamilton, Edwin E.

  2011-12
• Longitudinal Study of First Line Supervisors

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  "A distinguishing feature of the Platform Project is that it will follow law enforcement personnel over time to understand their 'life course.' Law enforcement first-line supervisors are one of the populations we are studying because they are key to an agency's performance. Despite their importance, first-line police supervisors have been under-researched, and in many departments they have not received the support and professional development that is needed to promote the highest quality supervision. The Platform will produce data about supervisors and supervision to supplement a sparse literature. A key benefit of longitudinal data collection will be the production of information about first-line supervisors' life course. When officers are promoted to a supervisory rank, they embark upon a new phase of their career requiring a transition to a different role, and as with any job, police supervisors adjust to the requirements of the job over time as they 'learn the ropes' and then mature in the position. Platform researchers will explore how police supervisors develop, determine what influences that development, and discern what the consequences are for performance."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Fridell, Lorie A.; Cordner, Gary W.; Rosenbaum, Dennis P.

  2011-02
• Police Training

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  "This preliminary report from the National Police Research Platform summarizes responses from organizational surveys focused on police training. Specifically, respondents were asked to rate the in-service/post-academy training1 they received during their careers in regard to how well that training had prepared them to do their jobs as police officers. Additionally, supervisors were asked to rate the formal supervisory training they received."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Cordner, Gary W.; McDevitt, Jack, 1953-; Rosenbaum, Dennis P.

  2011-01
• National Police Research Platform: The Life Course of New Officers

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  "The National Police Research Platform is funded by the National Institute of Justice to advance knowledge and practice in American policing though the systematic collection of data from police officers and police organizations. At the core of the Platform is a plan to follow the life course of new officers from their first day at the training academy until they leave the force. The Platform is designed to identify factors that influence officers over time, such as their background and personality characteristics, training experiences, peers, supervisors, job assignments and significant life events. Information on the life course of officers should be useful for guiding management and supervisory strategies pertaining to recruitment, training, retention, productivity, accountability and human services. At the street level, the data generated by the Platform should help enhance the health and welfare of young officers and increase the quality of police services to the community."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Rosenbaum, Dennis P.; Schuck, Amie; Cordner, Gary W.

  2011-02
• School Policing Programs: Where We Have Been and Where We Need to Go Next

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  From the Executive Summary: "In 2019, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) was directed to provide Congress with a report on the state of school policing in the United States that examined the current role of police in schools and provided recommendations on how they can better serve the needs of students. To address this directive, NIJ engaged two consultants to conduct a comprehensive literature review and examination of data sources, facilitate four days of expert panel discussions, and synthesize the results from these data collection efforts. This report is the result of those efforts. The report focuses exclusively on the United States and on sworn officers and does not consider the use of school police in nations outside the United States or on the employment of private security, retired military, or other types of nonsworn police in schools. Much of the writing of this report occurred in 2020 amid the civil unrest stemming from the murder of George Floyd and the police killings of other people of color. It also was written during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, which undoubtedly will also have impacts on school policing. This report focuses on what we currently knew at the time of its writing."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  McKenna, Joseph M.; Petrosino, Anthony J. (Anthony Joseph), 1961-

  2022-02
• Corrections Strategic Research Plan 2018-2023

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  "The purpose of this plan is to outline NIJ's [National Institute of Justice] strategy to support research regarding the role and potential of corrections to contribute to the enhancement of public safety and rehabilitation through the delivery of services and treatment. The plan broadly defines corrections to include jails, prisons, juvenile residential facilities, and community corrections, which may include probation, parole, and other corrections programs involving individuals under criminal and juvenile justice supervision in the community. These settings differ in important ways -- for example, structure and organization; staff working conditions, training, and other developmental support; organizational goals and strategies; availability and delivery of programming and treatment; and differences in the populations under supervision. This plan points out these differences and highlights special considerations where appropriate."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  2018-10
• Police Attitudes Toward Abuse of Authority: Findings From a National Study

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  "Serious cases of abuse of police authority often stimulate intense public debate. For example, a videotape of Rodney King being beaten by Los Angeles police officers or reports of the torture of Abner Louima by New York City police capture the public's attention and raise troubling questions regarding the limits of legitimate police authority in a democratic society. Are such events isolated occurrences in particular police departments or extreme examples of a more general problem plaguing police departments across the United States? Does the fact that such abuses often involve minority victims reveal important disparities in the way that law enforcement officers treat members of certain racial, socioeconomic, or cultural groups? In turn, what measures can be taken to constrain police abuse, and which are likely to be most effective? Although such questions have been raised and debated in the media, by politicians, and by police scholars and administrators, little is known about how police officers themselves view these critical issues."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Weisburd, David; Greenspan, Rosann

  2000-05
• Mock Prison Riot: What's New in 2010

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  "Once again, riot, mayhem, and a chance to experience cutting-edge law enforcement and corrections technologies in action took place in West Virginia. The 14th Annual Mock Prison Riot, 'Where Technology Meets Mayhem,' was held May 2--5, 2010, on the grounds of the former West Virginia Penitentiary in Moundsville. The Mock Prison Riot provides a one-of-a-kind opportunity for manufacturers to showcase emerging law enforcement, corrections, homeland security, and military technologies and for law enforcement and corrections professionals to test those technologies in simulated real-world scenarios that include prison breaks, mass disasters and terrorist attacks. The event is an initiative of the West Virginia High Technology Consortium (WVHTC) Foundation, and is funded by the National Institute of Justice. The Mock Prison Riot has been staged annually since 1997, and has grown from a one-day to a five-day event (including the skills competition, which is hosted and managed by the West Virginia Division of Corrections Special Operations Unit). This year, the riot had 1,422 attendees from 44 states and 16 foreign countries. Countries represented at the riot for the first time in 2010 included Bangladesh, Germany, Hong Kong, Peru, the Philippines, Portugal and Yugoslavia. One hundred sixteen exhibitors participated, and more than 380 police officers took part in 70 scenarios."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Barone, Cynthia R.; Goudy, Sharon; Higgins, Brian

  2010
• Detecting Contraband: Current and Emerging Technologies and Limitations

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  "A plastic bottle of cough syrup, a bundle of bills outside a wallet, a pornographic magazine -- all of these items are contraband in a correctional facility. None, of course, would be caught by a metal detector. Today, detection devices have become more advanced. Recent models can detect many objects located on, and in some cases even within, a person's body. In a correctional facility, checks for contraband typically occur at a perimeter gate house, the lobby or other entrances in an institution. Generally, all staff, inmates, contractors and visitors must move through these checkpoints before they are allowed entrance. Using the older radio frequency (RF) metal detectors to screen for contraband can be a tedious process. For instance, if a correctional officer sets off the metal detector, the officer must remove items such as belts, restraining devices (like handcuffs), shoes with metal toes, and any other metal objects the officer may be wearing. If the alarm continues to trigger, the officer must wait in a separate line and be searched with a handheld device. This kind of process is inefficient and can cause staff to feel like they are not trusted. Although still cost-prohibitive for many agencies, an array of new devices that use alternative technological approaches are becoming available. These devices may detect a broader spectrum of contraband with greater ease and efficiency."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Whitworth, Ariel

  2010-10
• International Trends in Fighting Child Pornography [transcript]

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  This is the transcript of a panel discussion on the topic of "International Trends in Fighting Child Pornography."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Wecksell, Per-Ake; Cummings, Catherine, J.; Ludvigsen, Bjørn-Erik

  2009-06
• Mark Kleiman Comments on Drugs, Violence and Putting Cartels Out of Business [transcript]

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  Mark Kleiman is Professor of Public Policy at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles). This is the transcript from a video where Kleiman comments on drugs, violence and putting cartels out of business.

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Kleiman, Mark

  2012-04
• International Trends in Fighting Child Pornography [audio]

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  This is a panel discussion on the topic of "International Trends in Fighting Child Pornography."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Ludvigsen, Bjørn-Erik; Cummings, Catherine, J.; Wecksell, Per-Ake

  2009-06
• Preventing Assassination: Secret Service Exceptional Case Study Project

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  This Secret Service Exceptional Case Study Project "Preventing Assassination" has five parts-- a monograph, literature review, selective bibliography, summary of findings, and final activities report. From the Document: "The primary goal of the Exceptional Case Study Project was to gather information and develop knowledge that might aid law enforcement organizations to fulfill protective responsibilities for public officials and public figures. [...] The Secret Service Exceptional Case Study Project was developed to generate knowledge useful to both physical protection and protective intelligence functions. [...] It was hoped that thorough examination of the ideas, behaviors, and activities of persons who have attempted assassination (or come close to attacking) would provide and additional - and heretofore unavailable - perspective on physical protection: namely, how the assailant viewed the attack. [...] Knowledge from a study of attackers and near-assailants may also be useful in the identification, assessment, and management of persons who pose a risk of violence to public officials and public figures."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Fein, Robert A.; Vossekuil, Bryan

  1997-05
• Protective Intelligence and Threat Assessment Investigations: A Guide for State and Local Law Enforcement Officials

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  Drawing from project findings, this guide describes an approach to threat assessment and the protective intelligence investigative process that can be of assistance to Federal, State, and local law enforcement and security professionals with protective intelligence responsibilities. This guide presents information and ideas about developing and implementing protective intelligence programs and activities.

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Fein, Robert A.; Vossekuil, Bryan

  1998-07-01?
• NIJ's Role in the Strategy to Combat Fentanyl and Other Opioids: 2019 Update

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  From the Document: "As the research, development, and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) plays an important role in the Administration's efforts to combat opioid and other drug abuse. The following provides an updated overview of NIJ's Drugs and Crime Research Portfolio that addresses drug trafficking, markets, and use of illegal drugs (including prescription drug diversion) through research and capacity building for law enforcement, forensic laboratories, medical examiners and coroners, prosecutors, and other public safety and public health stakeholders."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  2019-12
• Preventing School Violence: Plenary Papers of the 1999 Conference on Criminal Justice Research and Evaluation--Enhancing Policy and Practice Through Research, Volume 2

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  From the Foreword: "Sociologist Joseph Sheley, who has written extensively on the explosive nexus of youth, violence, and firearms, first puts school violence in perspective by demonstrating that it occurs much less often than in communities where students live, but that, on the other hand, weapons carrying by young people is not uncommon and guns are easy to obtain. Perhaps one of the most important research findings he notes is that the prime motive for carrying weapons is fear. To be sure, schools are taking steps to lower the risk of weapon-related incidents, but whether they choose techniques that have had a record of success is unknown. Ron Prinz offers the insights of psychology, persuasively arguing that because problem behavior stems from prior maladjustment, prevention has to be considered from a 'developmental' perspective--by analyzing what gives rise to that behavior. Prevention requires understanding and changing social environments more so than targeting specific individuals. Finally, public health psychiatrist Sheppard Kellam uses his decades-long work in Chicago and Baltimore to illustrate the imperative of community involvement in designing prevention programs. The papers convincingly demonstrate that preventing school violence is not the exclusive preserve of the criminal justice community. The resources of multiple research-based disciplines--whether their province is human behavior or the workings of the mind or community health--need to be tapped to find the path to an enduring solution."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Kellam, Sheppard G.; Prinz, Ron; Sheley, Joseph F.

  2000-05
• Comprehensive School Safety Initiative Report

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  From the Introduction: "NIJ [National Institute of Justice] developed the Comprehensive School Safety Initiative in consultation with federal partners and Congress. It is a research-focused initiative designed to increase the safety of schools nationwide through the development of knowledge regarding the most effective and sustainable school safety interventions and programs. Ultimately, the Initiative's goal is to develop improved strategies and models for comprehensive school safety. To accomplish this, NIJ is undertaking a broad-based approach that involves several component parts, including: [1] Building partnerships with federal agencies that focus on school safety issues from a variety of vantage points, e.g., law enforcement, mental health, education, and criminal justice; [2] Convening researchers and practitioners to understand better the predictors of school safety and conducting knowledge management activities to distill and translate knowledge for special audiences; [3] Conducting independent research and evaluation; [4] Assessing technologies for increasing school safety; [5] Enhancing national school safety data collection mechanisms; and [6] Implementing research programs in local schools to test innovative approaches to enhancing school safety."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  2014-05
• Mark Kleiman Comments on Drugs, Violence and Putting Cartels Out of Business [webinar]

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  Mark Kleiman is Professor of Public Policy at UCLA and in this video Kleiman comments on drugs, violence and putting cartels out of business.

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Kleiman, Mark

  2012-04
• Looking Back to See the Future of Prison Downsizing in America [transcript]

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  "The recent declines in U.S. prison populations have caused many reformers to suggest that America's experiment with mass incarceration is ending. But current prison downsizing policies may well backfire if we fail to heed the lessons learned from the intermediate sanctions movement of the 1990s. In the event attendees rated highest, Dr. Petersilia summarizes these lessons and discussed why we must consider them if we want to reverse â€' for good â€' four decades of prison expansion."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Petersilia, Joan

  2012-06-19
• Looking Back to See the Future of Prison Downsizing in America [webcast]

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  "The recent declines in U.S. prison populations have caused many reformers to suggest that America's experiment with mass incarceration is ending. But current prison downsizing policies may well backfire if we fail to heed the lessons learned from the intermediate sanctions movement of the 1990s. In the event attendees rated highest, Dr. Petersilia summarizes these lessons and discussed why we must consider them if we want to reverse for good four decades of prison expansion."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Petersilia, Joan

  2012-06-19
• Preventing Children's Exposure to Violence: The Defending Childhood Initiative

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  "Sixty percent of American children are exposed to violence, crime or abuse in their homes, schools and communities. Children exposed to violence -- whether as victims or as witnesses -- are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior, such as bullying and fighting in school, and they are at higher risk of engaging in criminal behavior later in life by repeating the violence they experienced as children. Yet there is hope. Research has found that early identification and intervention, along with continued follow-up, can help prevent or reduce the impact of exposure to violence. To help address the problem of children's exposure to violence, U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder launched the Defending Childhood Initiative in 2010. The Initiative's goals are to: [1] Prevent children's exposure to violence. [2] Mitigate the negative impact of children's exposure to violence when it does occur. [3] Develop knowledge and spread awareness about children's expo¬sure to violence. To pursue these goals, the Department of Justice awarded $1.25 million to develop and evaluate innovative programs. Eight project demonstration sites were selected to develop, implement and test plans designed to reduce children's exposure to violence in their communities. NIJ-funded [National Institute of Justice] researchers at the Center for Court Innovation are rigorously evaluating the sites' activities to determine which efforts are effective. The evaluations will help researchers and practitioners to better understand what does and does not work in reducing and mitigating children's exposure to violence, so evidence-based policies and programs can be developed and put into place. The demonstration program, which is managed by the Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, is divided into two phases: Phase I -- Assessment and Strategic Planning, and Phase II -- Implementation and Evaluation."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Berson, Sarah B.; Hernon, Jolene C.; Pearsall, Beth

  2012-06
• Systematic Observation of Public Police: Applying Field Research Methods to Policy Issues

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  From the Executive Summary: "This report describes systematic social observation (SSO), a field research method used to study police. This method has shown promise in answering many of the questions regarding how police work is conducted today. […] SSO systematizes field methods for teams of researchers who observe the object of study (in this case, the police) in its natural setting. Researchers record events as they see and hear them and do not rely upon others to describe or interpret events. The researchers follow well-specified procedures that can be duplicated. For example, researchers who wish to record whether officers are respectful to complainants must define 'respectful' and 'complainant' in such a manner that other researchers record these terms in the same way when observing the same and similar situations. […] According to Reiss, the important considerations in conducting SSO include: (1) selection of problems for investigation, (2) preliminary investigation by direct observation, (3) definition of the universe to be observed, (4) sampling for observation, (5) development of instruments to collect and record observations systematically, (6) provision for measuring error, (7) pretesting instruments, (8) organization for direct field observations, (9) processing observations, and (10) quantitative analysis. […] SSO is not without its limitations. It is costly, time-consuming, and dependent upon the cooperation of the police. Special effort must be made to address the reactivity of research subjects to observers and the reliability of observers in recording events. Training, supervision, and quality control in the field are the best ways to manage these problems, but they take planning, time, and money. Given these constraints, SSO seems less feasible as a mechanism for routinely monitoring police practice and better suited to special studies."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Mastrofski, Stephen D.; Parks, Roger B.; Reiss, Albert J. . . .

  1998-12
• Prisoner Reentry Services: What Worked for SVORI Evaluation Participants?

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  "Identifying programs and services that improve the criminal justice outcomes of released prisoners is an important objective if the United States is to reduce the $40 billion annually devoted by state governments to corrections without compromising public safety. This report presents the results from a secondary analysis of data collected for a large multi-site evaluation of state and local reentry initiatives, the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI; see, e.g., Lattimore & Visher, 2009; Lattimore, Visher, Winterfield, Lindquist, & Brumbaugh, 2005; Lattimore, Steffey, & Visher, 2010; Lattimore, Visher, & Steffey, 2011). These data include extensive, detailed information on background characteristics, including criminal and employment history and substance use; treatment and service needs; services and program receipt; and outcomes across multiple domains, including criminal justice, employment, health (including substance use and mental health), and housing. These interview data were augmented by administrative records for arrests and incarcerations that were updated for the current study and provide a minimum of 56 months of post-release recidivism information. The data were analyzed to examine the questions of 'what works, for whom, for how long, and at what cost?' in prisoner reentry programs. In addition, a search of death records identified 55 individuals who participated in the original evaluation who had died as of spring 2011."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Lattimore, Pamela K.; Barrick, Kelle Lyn, 1978-; Cowell, Alexander

  2012-02
• Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders

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  From the Foreword: "This report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders responds to Executive Order 11365, issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 29, 1967, and to the personal charge given to us by the President."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders

  1968
• Comprehensive School Safety Framework: Report to the Committees on Appropriations

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  From the Introduction: "This report discusses the comprehensive school safety framework ('the framework') developed by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). In large measure, findings arising out of research projects funded through the Comprehensive School Safety Initiative (CSSI) underpin the framework. The complex and multifaceted nature of school violence requires a tailored, comprehensive approach to school safety that is adaptable to the needs and challenges of various school environments. The term 'framework' better depicts the flexibility schools need to develop such an approach than does the term 'model.' This report discusses why and how the NIJ developed the framework; the focus areas of the framework; the research underpinning the framework; and the NIJ's ongoing work and next steps in helping schools develop comprehensive approaches to school safety."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Muhlhausen, David B.

  2020-01
• In Brief: Block by Block: Zeroing in on Crime Trends

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  "Police and researchers have long focused on crime at the neighborhood and precinct levels. More recently, law enforcement agencies have been finding that identifying and focusing on 'hot spots' is a fruitful approach to crime prevention. A new study shows that it may be even more effective to take such approaches down to the level of individual city blocks. Researchers studied block-by-block crime incidents in Seattle from 1989 to 2004. They identified 24,023 'street segments' (the streets at both sides of an intersection) and 1,697,212 crime reports. They found that crime rates declined in Seattle as a whole during the study period (as they did in many American cities) but that at the micro-level of city blocks, crime trends could vary from city wide and even neighborhood trends."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Bulman, Philip