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Infectious Diseases
"The NIEHS [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences] Worker Training Program (WTP) and its awardees have been involved in a number of infectious disease-related training and response efforts. The Ebola Biosafety and Infectious Disease Response Training Program supports the development and implementation of occupational safety and health and infection control training programs for workers in health care and non-health care settings who may be at risk for exposure to infectious diseases. The following resources are aimed at protecting the health and safety of individuals who work in industries with the potential for exposure to infectious diseases. Please visit our Chemical and Biological Terrorism page for additional resources on bioterrorism agents/diseases and emergency responses to events involving the release of biological agents. For a list of resources applicable to a variety of natural and man-made disasters, please visit our All-Hazards Resources page."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Early Warning Systems for Hazardous Biological Agents in Potable Water
In this paper, we present characteristics of early warning systems (EWSs) and other pre-exposure management approaches that may increase the chances of preventing human exposure, if biological weapons are used in drinking water systems. We also address the interpretation of, response to, and communication of information derived from EWSs. This report reflects the deliberations of a breakout group from this conference that addressed system characteristics and interpretation, response, and communication issues.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Foran, Jeffery A.; Brosnan, Thomas M.
2000-10
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Lung Disease in World Trade Center Responders
"After the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001, a dense cloud of dust containing high levels of airborne pollutants covered Manhattan and parts of Brooklyn, New York. Between 60,000 and 70,000 responders were exposed. Many reported adverse health effects. In this report we describe clinical, pathologic, and mineralogic findings in seven previously healthy responders who were exposed to WTC dust on either 11 September or 12 September 2001, who developed severe respiratory impairment or unexplained radiologic findings and underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy procedures at Mount Sinai Medical Center. WTC dust samples were also examined. We found that three of the seven responders had severe or moderate restrictive disease clinically."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Herbert, Robin; Wu, Maoxin, MD; Gordon, Ronald E.
2010-04
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Chemical Plants Remain Vulnerable to Terrorists: A Call to Action
"U.S. chemical plants currently have potentially catastrophic vulnerabilities as terrorist targets. The possible consequences of these vulnerabilities echo from the tragedies of the Bhopal incident in 1984 to the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 and, most recently, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Findings from a 2004 nationwide participatory research study of 125 local union leaders at sites with very large volumes of highly hazardous chemicals suggest that voluntary efforts to achieve chemical plant security are not succeeding. Study respondents reported that companies had only infrequently taken actions that are most effective in preventing or in preparing to respond to a terrorist threat. In addition, companies reportedly often failed to involve key stakeholders, including workers, local unions, and the surrounding communities, in these efforts. The environmental health community thus has an opportunity to play a key role in advocating for and supporting improvements in prevention of and preparation for terrorist attacks. Policy-level recommendations to redress chemical site vulnerabilities and the related ongoing threats to the nation's security are as follows: a) specify detailed requirements for chemical site assessment and security; b) mandate audit inspections supported by significant penalties for cases of noncompliance; c) require progress toward achieving inherently safer processes, including the minimizing of storage of highly hazardous chemicals; d) examine and require additional effective actions in prevention, emergency preparedness, and response and remediation; e) mandate and fund the upgrading of emergency communication systems; and f) involve workers and community members in plan creation and equip and prepare them to prevent and respond effectively to an incident."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Lippin, Tobi Mae; McQuiston, Thomas H.; Bradley-Bull, Kristin
2006-09
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Pathogen Safety Data (PSD) Guide
From the Introduction: "Access to accurate and timely information about infectious pathogens is key to developing effective worker protection programs. The goal of this guide and its companion training module are to clarify the use of existing pathogen safety data (PSD) resources currently available for development of infectious disease occupational exposure control plans in a broad spectrum of industries. The contents of the guide bridge existing infection prevention and control best practices, microbiological safety data from credible sources, and evidence-based all-hazard risk assessment models as an effort to promote biological safety outside of the laboratory setting."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2016-10
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World Trade Center Disaster and the Health of Workers: Five-Year Assessment of a Unique Medical Screening Program
"WTC responders had exposure-related increases in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function test abnormalities that persisted up to 2.5 years after the attacks. Long-term medical monitoring is required to track persistence of these abnormalities and identify late effects, including possible malignancies. Lessons learned should guide future responses to civil disasters."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Herbert, Robin; Moline, Jacqueline; Skloot, Gwen
2006-12
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Application of the Haddon Matrix to Public Health Readiness and Respose Planning
"State and local health departments continue to face unprecedented challenges in preparing for, recognizing, and responding to threats to the publics health. The attacks of 11 September 2001 and the ensuing anthrax mailings of 2001 highlighted the public health readiness and response hurdles posed by intentionally caused injury and illness. At the same time, recent natural disasters have highlighted the need for comparable public health readiness and response capabilities. Public health readiness and response activities can be conceptualized similarly for intentional attacks, natural disasters, and human-caused accidents. Consistent with this view, the federal government has adopted the all-hazards response model as its fundamental paradigm. Adoption of this paradigm provides powerful improvements in efficiency and efficacy, because it reduces the need to create a complex family of situation-specific preparedness and response activities. However, in practice, public health preparedness requires additional models and tools to provide a framework to better understand and prioritize emergency readiness and response needs, as well as to facilitate solutions; this is particularly true at the local health department level. Here, we propose to extend the use of the Haddon matrix"a conceptual model used for more than two decades in injury prevention and response strategies"for this purpose."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Barnett, Daniel J.; Balicer, Ran D.; Blodgett, David
2005-05
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Mold and Endotoxin Levels in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: A Pilot Project of Homes in New Orleans Undergoing Renovation
Following Hurricane Katrina, many New Orleans homes remained flooded for weeks, promoting heavy microbial growth. A small demonstration project was conducted November 2005-January 2006 with the aims to recommend safe remediation techniques, safe levels of worker protection, and to characterize airborne mold and endotoxin throughout clean-up. This paper examines the results of this project.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2006-12
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Protecting Yourself While Responding to Wildfires
This training tool is an awareness-level health and safety resource for skilled support personnel" who will participate in a wildfire assessment and cleanup. This tool will help workers understand at an awareness level: characteristics of what a wildfire and a wildfire response is and how to protect against and control hazards associated with the response, assessment and cleanup activities associated with a wildfire."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2007-12
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Social Media in Emergency Response: A Study in Facebook and Twitter
This presentation on "Social Media in Emergency Response" contains slides defining social media and its relevancy to emergency response. The presentation gives an overview of popular social media websites, elaborating with statistics on Facebook and Twitter. Many emergency management groups have pages on Facebook, and twitter users were vital in assisting with emergency management information during the Mumbai Terrorist Attacks in November 2008. The presentation's goal appears to be clarifying how the emergency response community can use social media. The conclusion states that social media's relevance to emergency management creates "opportunities for social media use in every day and emergency response operations"; and that the "value is in the community collaboration and information sharing."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Youhas, Daniel K.
2010
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Protecting Yourself while Responding to Chemical Incidents: Safety and Health Awareness for Responders to Chemical Incidents
"This training tool is an awareness-level health and safety resource for 'skilled support personnel' who will participate in a response to a chemical release (including weapons and industrial chemicals) and are not required to get chemical training under 1910.120. It can also be used as a refresher course for those with a minimum level of training. This tool will help workers understand at an awareness level: the basics of chemical weapons deployment, how to protect against chemical and other hazards associated with a chemical release and response. Trainers may use this tool to aid in the development of a awareness level chemical release course or other awareness level materials (fact-sheets, table-top activities, etc.)."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2009-07
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Protecting Yourself while Responding to Earthquakes: Safety and Health Awareness for Responders to Earthquakes
"This training tool is an awareness-level health and safety resource for 'skilled support personnel' (SSP) who will participate in an earthquake response and cleanup. This tool will help workers understand at an awareness level: what an earthquake is, characteristics of an earthquake response, and how to identify and control hazards pertaining to the response and cleanup activities associated with an earthquake. Trainers may use this tool to aid in the development of an earthquake awareness level course or other awareness level materials (fact-sheets, table-top activities, etc.)."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2008-12
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Comparative Risk Assessment of the Burden of Disease from Climate Change
"This article outlines the comparative risk assessment approach and discusses its main advantages and limitations for its use in assessments of the health impacts of climate change at the national level. The comparative risk assessment method involves four stages: a) identifying health outcomes sensitive to climatic influences, b) quantifying the dose-response relationship for a baseline climate period, c) defining future exposure scenarios, and d) estimating the burden of disease that is attributable to a risk factor (i.e., relative to the risk if climate were unaffected by human actions) and the burden that is avoidable by plausible reductions in the risk factor. Each of these steps requires more detailed decisions, for example, selection between various possible scenarios for future greenhouse gas emissions and associated climate change, or between alternative models describing the relationships between climate and individual health outcomes."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2006-12
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Approach for Assessing Human Health Vulnerability and Public Health Interventions to Adapt to Climate Change
"Assessments of the potential human health impacts of climate change are needed to inform the development of adaptation strategies, policies, and measures to lessen projected adverse impacts. For this paper, the authors developed methods for country-level assessments to help policy makers make evidence-based decisions to increase resilience to current and future climates, and to provide information for national communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The steps in an assessment should include the following: a) determine the scope of the assessment; b) describe the current distribution and burden of climate-sensitive health determinants and outcomes; c) identify and describe current strategies, policies, and measures designed to reduce the burden of climate-sensitive health determinants and outcomes; d) review the health implications of the potential impacts of climate variability and change in other sectors; e) estimate the future potential health impacts using scenarios of future changes in climate, socioeconomic, and other factors; f) synthesize the results; and g) identify additional adaptation policies and measures to reduce potential negative health impacts. Key issues for ensuring that an assessment is informative, timely, and useful include stakeholder involvement, an adequate management structure, and a communication strategy."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2006-12
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Mental Health and Mass Violence: Evidence-Based Early Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence, A Workshop to Reach Consensus on Best Practices
"At a workshop held from October 30 to November 1, 2001, 58 disaster mental health experts from six countries were invited to address the impact of early psychological interventions and to identify what works, what doesn't work, and what the gaps are in our knowledge. Prior to the workshop, leading mental health research clinicians from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom prepared a review of the published, peer-reviewed literature (tables appear in Appendix G and references appear in Appendix I). For the purpose of this workshop and report, an early intervention is defined as any form of psychological intervention delivered within the first four weeks following mass violence or disasters. Once established, services may remain in place for the long term."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2002-10-29?
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Guidance for Managing the Response to Critical Incidents Impacting NIEHS Facilities
The purpose of this Plan is to provide guidance for initiating and managing the initial response to critical incidents that may significantly impact NIEHS facilities and occupants. This Plan provides the structure for decision-making and the mobilization of resources within NIEHS to respond to campus-wide or regional emergencies and/or disasters. Specific contingency and action plans have been developed for a variety of emergency situations, for example, hazardous material release, fire, electrical power failure, civil disorder, and severe weather. As appropriate, these specific action plans and other contingency plans are to be used to guide response actions.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2003-04
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Human Health Perspective on Climate Change: A Report Outlining the Research Needs on the Human Health Effects of Climate Change
"The purpose of this paper is to identify research needs for all aspects of the research-to-decision making pathway that will help us understand and mitigate the health effects of climate change, as well as ensure that we choose the healthiest and most efficient approaches to climate change adaptation." This paper is organized into 11 broad human health categories and the ways in which they are affected by climate change: Asthma, Respiratory Allergies, and Airway Diseases, Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, Foodborne Diseases and Nutrition, Heart-Related Morbidity and Mortality, Human Developmental Effects, Mental Health and Stress-Related Disorders, Neurological Diseases and Disorders, Vectorborne and Zoonotic Diseases, Waterborne Diseases, and Weather-Related Morbidity and Mortality.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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National Institute of Mental Health Strategic Plan
"In consideration of this vision, the mission of NIMH [National Institute of Mental Health Strategic Plan] is to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure. The burden that this research addresses is enormous. In a given year, an estimated 13 million American adults (approximately 1 in 17) have a seriously debilitating mental illness.1,2 Mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada, accounting for 25 percent of all years of life lost to disability and premature mortality (Disability Adjusted Life Years or DALYs).3 Moreover, suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for the deaths of approximately 30,000 Americans each year.4 Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, autism, and other disorders are serious, often life-threatening illnesses for which we need reliable diagnostic tests, new treatments, and effective strategies for prevention. This public health mandate demands that we harness powerful scientific tools to achieve better understanding, treatment, and ultimately, prevention of these disabling conditions."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2008?
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Response to the World Trade Center (WTC) Disaster: Initial WETP Grantee Response and Preliminary Assessment of Training Needs
"The attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 and the subsequent magnitude of the destruction and loss of life at the World Trade Center Complex (WTC) created an emergency response, rescue, and recovery effort of enormous proportions. New York City, State, and many Federal disaster response organizations, in addition to thousands of volunteers and other support organizations, quickly responded, including the NIEHS [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences]-Worker Education and Training Program (WETP). Several of the WETP grantees were among those support organizations responding for the purpose of providing quick- response training to workers, many from organizations with which the grantees are affiliated. In order to provide a perspective at the WETP Administrator level, a short-term technical assistance and coordination task order was executed with the authors, one of whom was dispatched to the WTC disaster site over the period from September 22 through September 27, 2001. The purpose of the short-term task order was four fold: 1) assist in coordination of NIEHS-WETP grantee activities at the WTC Site, 2) assess the current safety and health status of response personnel working at the WTC Site, 3) evaluate the current Site safety and health plans or programs and related aspects such as exposure monitoring with respect to worker protections, and 4) perform a preliminary training needs assessment specific to the WTC Site activities."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Elisburg, Donald; Moran, John
2001-10-06
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Essential and Returning Workers Training Tool: 'Protecting Workers from COVID-19 in the Workplace' [presentation]
From the Presentation: "[This] is designed to inform workers who are required to work during the pandemic shutdown how to protect themselves and co-workers from exposure to the virus. These materials were developed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Worker Training Program, National Clearinghouse for Worker Safety & Health Training."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2020-04
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Protéjase del COVID-19 en el lugar de trabajo: Sensibilizacion de seguridad y salud para trabajadores y personal de socorro en el contexto del coronavirus
"Meta: Aumentar la sensibilización en salud y seguridad para personal de socoro y trabajadores con exposición potencial al COVID-19."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2020-03
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Protecting Yourself from COVID-19 in the Workplace: 'Stafety and Health Awareness for Wokers' [presentation]
From the Instructor Notes: "This is an awareness level training designed to inform workers about how to protect themselves and co-workers from exposure to the [corona]virus. These materials were developed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Science Worker Training Program, National Clearinghouse for Worker Safety & Health Training."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2020-04
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COVID- 19 Resource List
This document contains a list of various coronavirus resources including: "Guidelines by Industry"; "CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] Testing & Exposure Guidelines and Return to Work Criteria"; "OSHA [Occupational Safety and Health Administration] Guidelines & Standards"; "Cleaning & Disinfection"; "Research"; "Factsheets"; "Respiratory Protection & PPE [personal protective equipment]"; "Workers' Rights"; "Cases/Death Counts & Maps"; "Handwashing"; "Training Materials"; "Union Resources & Websites"; "Resilience Materials"; and "Miscellaneous."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2020-04-23
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Can SARS-CoV-2, the Virus That Causes COVID-19 Disease, Be Spread by Blood?
From the Document: "Since the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] virus can be detected in the blood (via serum blood testing), there is some confusion about whether that means it can be transmitted via blood as a bloodborne pathogen, like HIV or hepatitis C. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus, which means that humans do not have a natural ability to fight it off with their immune systems. It also means that there are a lot of scientific uncertainties about characteristics of the virus, including whether or not it is a bloodborne pathogen. We know that the virus primarily enters the body through the eyes, nose, or mouth and progresses into the lungs, where the most severe illness occurs. However, the virus replicates in cells, including the blood, and when it does, it alters the blood's environment. This disruption challenges healthy levels of critical elements like oxygen, nitrogen, iron, and others essential for normal body function."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Mitchell, Amber; Rosen, Jonathan
2020-05-06?
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Herramienta De Capacitación Para Trabajadores Esenciales Y Recurrentes: 'Protección De Los Trabajadores Contra Covid-19 En El Lugar De Trabajo'
"Esta es una capacitación de sensibilización diseñada para informar a los trabajadores que se ven obligados a trabajar durante la pandemia sobre cómo protegerse ellos mismos y sus compañeros de la exposición al virus."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2020-04
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Protecting Yourself During a Dirty Bomb Response: An Awareness Level Training Tool for Skilled Support Personnel
"1)This training tool is an awareness-level health and safety resource for 'skilled support personnel' who will participate in a dirty bomb response. 2) This tool will help workers understand at an awareness level: what a dirty bomb is, the basics of radiation, how to protect against radioactive contamination and other hazards associated with a dirty bomb response. 3) Trainers may use this tool to aid in the development of a dirty bomb awareness level course or other awareness level materials (fact-sheets, table-top activities, etc.)"
National Institutes of Health (U.S.); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2008-01
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Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training: Instructor Training Manual
From the Document: "This is a four hour course entitled 'Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training'. The goal of this training program is to prepare supervisors of disaster workers and volunteers to be proactive in recognizing and responding to disaster worker stress and trauma, be aware of their own reactions, and provide leadership to increase individual and organizational resiliency."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Disaster Worker Resiliency Training: Instructor Manual
From the Document: "This is a four hour course entitled 'Disaster Worker Resiliency Training'. The main goal of the course is to prepare disaster workers, volunteers, or homeowners to recognize and address psychological stress and trauma associated with disaster work. In so doing, this training program is designed to help participants avoid the more severe negative impacts of psychological stress and trauma."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
2015-05
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Care Provider's Role: Disaster Workers Behavioral Healthcare [presentation]
From the Introduction: "Welcome to the 'Care Providers Role in Disaster Workers' Behavioral Health' training program that is being provided to you by (name of organization). This program was developed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Worker Training Program and we acknowledge their support. This is the 3rd and final training program produced by NIEHS [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences] and SAMHSA [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration] to address behavioral health problems and resiliency for disaster workers. The first two programs were targeted for disaster workers and supervisors. The need for these programs was identified as a result of the Deep Horizon Gulf Oil Spill."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
2015-07
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Disaster Worker Resiliency Training: Participant Training Manual
From the Document: "The goal of this training program is to prepare disaster workers to recognize the signs and symptoms of disaster work related stress and trauma, avoid post traumatic stress disorder, make use of organizational and community support resources, and build resilience. at the end of the course, there will be an opportunity to begin to develop a plan of action."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
2015-04
