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Emerging Infections: A Perpetual Challenge
"Infectious diseases are responsible for 15 million (26%) of 57 million annual deaths in a global population of 6.2 billion, a proportion that could rise substantially as chronic diseases continue to be reclassified as infectious--eg, cervical cancer (human papillomavirus), Kaposi's sarcoma (human herpesvirus 8), and Helicobacter pylori ulcers, among others. In recent years, the terms 'emerging' (ie, newly recognized) and 're-emerging' (previously recognized) infectious diseases have entered the vocabulary of medical science. These infections also include 'deliberately emerging diseases'--eg, bioterrorism. Concern about emerging infections has grown following the appearance of new diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, and the re-emergence of others, such as dengue, and from appreciation of the complex determinants of their emergence--eg, microbial adaptation to new hosts (HIV infection, severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]), population immunity pressures (influenza A), travel (acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis), animal migration and movement (West Nile virus infection, H5N1 avian influenza), microbial escape from antibiotic pressures (multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis), mechanical dispersal (Legionnaires' disease), and others (panel, figure 1)."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
Morens, David M.; Fauci, Anthony S.; Folkers, Gregory K.
2008-11
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Bioterrorism and Biodefense: One Year Later
Webcast of Dr. Fauci's lecture at NIH Clinical Center Special Grand Rounds, on September 11, 2002. Dr. Fauci is the Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. [http://videocast.nih.gov/ram/ccgr091102.ram] Duration: 56:28. (This file is in Real Video format.)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
Fauci, Anthony S.
2002-09-11
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NIAID Biodefense Research Agenda for Category B and C Priority Pathogens
On October 22 and 23, 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a Blue Ribbon Panel on Biodefense and Its Implications for Biomedical Research. This panel of experts was brought together to provide objective expertise on the Institute's future biodefense research agenda, as it relates to the NIAID Category B and C Priority Pathogens (Appendix 1). This Blue Ribbon Panel was asked to provide NIAID with the following guidance: Assess the current research sponsored by NIAID related to the development of effective measures to counter the health consequences of bioterrorism with a focus on the Category B and C priority pathogens; Identify research goals for the highest priority areas; Provide recommendations on the role of NIAID in achieving these priorities; and Provide recommendations on the current NIAID Category B and C Priority Pathogens list. NOTE: Although the NIAID list of Category A, B and C Priority Pathogens (Appendix 1) closely follows the CDC list of Category A, B and C Biological Diseases/Agents (Appendix 2), the NIAID list highlights specific pathogens identified as priorities for additional research efforts as part of the NIAID biodefense research agenda.
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2003-01
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Medical Chemical Defense Research: An Expert Panel Review Conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
On behalf of the NIH, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a special meeting of experts on March 19, 2003, in Bethesda, Maryland, to review ongoing research efforts in the development of medical countermeasures for chemical threats. The purpose of the meeting was to (1) provide NIAID with an overview of current medical research in chemical defense; (2) identify gaps in scientific knowledge critical to the development of medical products against chemical threats to protect the civilian population; and (3) explore ways in which NIAID/NIH could assist or support efforts in the area of medical research for chemical defense. The meeting included representatives of academia, the chemical industry, poison control centers, private and governmental research institutions, the Office of Homeland Security (The White House), the Society of Toxicology, the Department of Defense, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Central Intelligence Agency, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Medicine. The results of this meeting will be used by the NIH Biodefense Research Coordinating Committee, as efforts across NIH are coordinated.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2003-03-19
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Radiobiology Research: An Expert Panel Review Conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
There are increased concerns regarding the potential of terrorists using biological, chemical, or radiological agents against the civilian population. In the past the Department of Defense maintained a research and development program which addressed these threats for military forces, including primary responsibility for countermeasures related to radiological threats. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is actively assessing relevant opportunities to exploit medical breakthroughs and focus its efforts on the development of new and effective countermeasures for all subsets of the U.S. population. On behalf of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a special meeting of experts on February 26, 2003, in Bethesda, Maryland, to review ongoing research efforts in development of medical countermeasures to radiological threats. The purpose of the meeting was to: (1) provide NIAID with an overview of current radiobiology research; (2) identify gaps in research that are critical to the development of specific medical products to protect the civilian population from a radiological threat; and (3) explore ways in which the NIAID/NIH can collaborate in current radiological research efforts. With the assistance of organizations such as the National Cancer Institute, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, and the Department of Energy, gaps were identified and short-term and mid-term research priorities were recommended. The results of this meeting will be used by the NIH Biodefense Research Coordinating Committee, as efforts across NIH are coordinated.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2003-02-26
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NIAID Biodefense Research Agenda for Category A Agents
On February 4 and 5, 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened the Blue Ribbon Panel on Bioterrorism and Its Implications for Biomedical Research. This panel of experts was brought together by NIAID to provide objective expertise on the Institute's future Biodefense research agenda, which is articulated in this document. Specifically, the panel was asked to provide the following guidance to NIAID: Assess the current research sponsored by NIAID related to the development of effective measures to counter the health consequences of bioterrorism; Identify goals for the highest priority areas for immediate, intermediate, and long-term research related to Biodefense; and Make recommendations on the role of NIAID in achieving these priorities. The content of the research agenda that follows reflects the panel's recommendations. Specific goals for each pathogen are articulated within each chapter and include priorities for immediate as well as intermediate/long-term research. The introduction includes general recommendations that are applicable for all areas of NIAID Biodefense research.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2002-02
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Progress and Challenges in Biodefense Research
This is a webcast of Dr. Anthony Fauci's lecture at the NIH Research Festival 2002, October 16, 2002. Dr. Fauci is the Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Duration: 01:46:24.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
Fauci, Anthony S.
2002-10-16
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [website]
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) "conducts and supports basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and ultimately prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases. For more than 60 years, NIAID research has led to new therapies, vaccines, diagnostic tests, and other technologies that have improved the health of millions of people in the United States and around the world. NIAID is one of the 27 Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
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NIAID Biodefense Research Agenda for CDC Category A Agents
"As concern grows about the use of biological agents in acts of terrorism or war, Federal health agencies are evaluating and accelerating measures to protect the public from the health consequences of such an attack...Basic and applied research supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) complements the efforts of other Federal agencies by developing the essential tools--diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines--that are needed by physicians, nurses, epidemiologists, and other public health workers to prevent and control a disease outbreak. NIAID [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] is the primary NIH Institute that supports and conducts research on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of infections caused by a wide variety of emerging pathogens, including agents that could be intentionally introduced. The Institute has developed a 'Strategic Plan for Biodefense Research at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)', which outlines plans for addressing research needs in the broad area of bioterrorism and emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. (See Appendix B.) This 'Biodefense Research Agenda' supplements the strategic plan and articulates the goals for research on anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. The research agenda focuses on the need for basic research on the biology of the microbe, the host response, and basic and applied research aimed at the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines against these agents. In addition, the agenda addresses the research resources, facilities, and scientific manpower needed to conduct both basic and applied research on these agents."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2002-02
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NIAID Strategic Plan for Biodefense Research [February 2002]
"Recent deliberate exposure of the civilian population of the United States to Bacillus anthracis spores by means of the United States Postal Service revealed a gap in the nation's overall preparedness against bioterrorism. These attacks uncovered an unmet need for tests to rapidly diagnose, vaccines and immunotherapies to prevent, and drugs and biologics to cure disease caused by agents of bioterrorism. An important component of the overall effort to fulfill these needs is biomedical research, and in this regard, we need a substantial and accelerated research and development agenda to accomplish short- and long-term goals aimed at protection of the United States and the world population against present and future attacks by these agents...The NIAID [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] research and development plan comprises a broad and comprehensive agenda with the ultimate goal of providing a strong research base that translates into effective products to combat agents of bioterrorism. The scientific needs and areas of NIAID research emphasis have been divided into six sections: Biology of the Microbe, Therapeutics Host Response, Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Research Resources. As detailed below, the research agenda includes specific milestones directed at immediate goals as well as crucial enhancement of information and capability to deal with any present or future threats from biologic agents directed toward the civilian population."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2002-02
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NIAID: Planning for the 21st Century
"NIAID [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] implements a planning process to develop and select initiatives that solicit research applications to address special opportunities, gaps, and needs. The aim of the process is to maximize public benefit by (1) paying close attention to current public health needs and anticipating changes in those needs; (2) capitalizing on scientific opportunity, especially on those with the prospect of reducing the burden of disease; (3) ensuring the capacity for future work by sustaining a broad array of basic research and nurturing scientific talent; (4) collaborating within and beyond NIH; and (5) using federal resources to leverage and complement the activities of other sectors. Being apprised of activities conducted by other government agencies, non-government organizations, as well as the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, is crucial to setting meaningful priorities."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2000
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NIAID Research Agenda for Category B and C Pathogens: Progress Report
"In response to the new sense of urgency to understand anthrax and other potential bioterrorist threats, in early 2002, NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) developed the NIAID Strategic Plan for Biodefense Research. The purpose of the strategic plan is to guide the implementation of basic and translational biodefense research and to engage partners in academia, industry, and other private and public-sector entities to develop biodefense-related diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines... Significant progress also has been made since the January 2003 release of the NIAID Biodefense Research Agenda for Category B and C Priority Pathogens; these scientific advances and programmatic activities are described in this new progress report. Specific topics include: progress made towards meeting general recommendations in the areas of research, product development, and research resources, which are crucial for building a robust biodefense infrastructure; and scientific advances and research activities related to the immediate goals in the research agenda. In keeping with these goals, this progress report focuses on basic and applied research aimed at developing pathogen-specific diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, as well as progress in understanding the biology of Category B and C microbes and the host response to them. The report also summarizes scientific progress in the area of immune-based strategies for biodefense."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2004-06
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Summary of the NIAID Expert Panel Review on Medical Chemical Defense Research
"The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is actively assessing relevant opportunities to exploit medical breakthroughs and focus its efforts on the development of new and effective countermeasures for all subsets of the U.S. population. On behalf of the NIH, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a special meeting of experts on March 19, 2003, in Bethesda, Maryland, to review ongoing research efforts in the development of medical countermeasures for chemical threats. The purpose of the meeting was to (1) provide NIAID with an overview of current medical research in chemical defense; (2) identify gaps in scientific knowledge critical to the development of medical products against chemical threats to protect the civilian population; and (3) explore ways in which NIAID/NIH could assist or support efforts in the area of medical research for chemical defense. The meeting included representatives of academia, the chemical industry, poison control centers, private and governmental research institutions, the Office of Homeland Security (The White House), the Society of Toxicology, the Department of Defense, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Central Intelligence Agency, the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Medicine. The results of this meeting will be used by the NIH Biodefense Research Coordinating Committee, as efforts across NIH are coordinated."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2003-03-19
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Summary of the NIAID Expert Panel on Immunity and Biodefense
"The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) recently published a Strategic Plan for Biodefense Research to address biomedical research needs in the areas of bioterrorism and emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. For guidance in implementing this plan, the NIAID convened several expert panel meetings of scientific leaders to provide objective expertise and comprehensive advice... An Expert Panel on Immunity and Biodefense was also convened by the NIAID in June 2002, to address the immunological aspects of biodefense preparedness research. A summary of this meeting is provided in the following pages. Panel members identified high priority research areas in immunology that would lead to improved biodefense strategies, and recommended methods by which these research goals might be achieved. The panel included internationally renowned immunologists from academia, industry, and the government with expertise in innate immunity, vaccine adjuvant biology, immune memory and vaccine development, immune epitope identification, and antibody and innate immune targets for therapy. The discussion focused on specific needs for research in these areas, as well as on logistical issues, such as research resource accessibility, industry-university-government collaborations, and increased training. Methods to facilitate the involvement of basic immunologists in biodefense research were also discussed, as well as methods to encourage immunologist-microbiologist-vaccinologist interactions, and to enhance the training of medical professionals in immunological research."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2002-06-17
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Summary of the NIAID Expert Panel Review on Radiobiology Research
"The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is actively assessing relevant opportunities to exploit medical breakthroughs and focus its efforts on the development of new and effective countermeasures for all subsets of the U.S. population. On behalf of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a special meeting of experts on February 26, 2003, in Bethesda, Maryland, to review ongoing research efforts in development of medical countermeasures to radiological threats. The purpose of the meeting was to: (1) provide NIAID with an overview of current radiobiology research; (2) identify gaps in research that are critical to the development of specific medical products to protect the civilian population from a radiological threat; and (3) explore ways in which the NIAID/NIH can collaborate in current radiological research efforts. With the assistance of organizations such as the National Cancer Institute, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, and the Department of Energy, gaps were identified and short-term and mid-term research priorities were recommended. The results of this meeting will be used by the NIH Biodefense Research Coordinating Committee, as efforts across NIH are coordinated."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2003-02-26
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Summary of the NIAID Expert Panel on Botulinum Toxins
"The highly potent neurotoxins produced by the spore forming anaerobic bacteria
Clostridium botulinum, C. butyricum, and C. barati pose a significant threat as weapons of bioterror... NIAID [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] convened a Blue Ribbon Panel on February 4 and 5, 2002 to discuss and propose a research agenda for the Category A threat agents. This meeting led to specific recommendations for immediate, intermediate and long-term research and development activities for the Category A pathogens and toxins, including the toxins of Clostridium botulinum. On November 20, 2002, the NIAID Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases convened a follow-up meeting with an invited group of botulinum toxin experts from academia, industry, and government, including the Food and Drug Administration. The purpose of the meeting was to engage expert opinion on issues related to the development of the next generation of countermeasures against botulinum toxins."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2002-11-20
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Summary of the NIAID Expert Panel on Botulinum Neurotoxins Therapeutics
"The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent and lethal toxins known to man. The toxins are both relatively easy to produce, as well as to deliver through intentional contamination of food or beverages. Current treatment consists of intravenous infusion of an equine antibody-based antitoxin available through the Department of Homeland Security National Strategic Pharmaceutical Stockpile. The use of equine-based antibodies has been associated with symptoms of hypersensitivity, including uticaria and serum sickness, and anaphylaxis. Recognizing the need for improved post-exposure therapeutics for the BoNTs for use in civilian populations, NIAID [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] convened an Expert Panel Workshop in Bethesda on February 9 and 10, 2004. The purpose of the meeting was to: discuss the most appropriate targets for clinical intervention; provide an overview of the current status of discovery of new therapeutics; evaluate the technical opportunities, as well as the constraints, to the development of the next generation of therapeutics; identify the knowledge gaps that constrain development of new therapeutics against specific targets; and identify research resources that are needed to advance discovery efforts. This report is a summary of the discussions addressing these objectives."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2004-02-10
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Summary of the NIAID Expert Panel on Botulinum Diagnostics
"The highly potent botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) expressed by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum pose a significant bioterrorism threat, and as such are listed as Category A agents of bioterrorism by the National Institutes for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Centers for Disease Control
(CDC). There is an urgent need for improved methods to diagnose human intoxication with BoNTs so that appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures can be rapidly applied. Diagnosis at the earliest stage of pre-symptomatic illness is critical to the administration of appropriate and effective clinical treatment, as well as implementation of preventive public health measures. A fully integrated end-to-end system, from sample preparation to data analysis, is needed to screen clinical samples. Recognizing the need for better diagnostic methods for BoNTs, NIAID convened a meeting of experts in Bethesda on May 23, 2003. The purpose of this meeting was to: (1) provide an overview of the current status of BoNT diagnostics and their limitations; (2) evaluate the scientific and technical opportunities to develop improved, validated detection methods for clinical samples and food; (3) identify potential hurdles; and (4) provide recommendations for the development of improved BoNT diagnostics as priority civilian biodefense products. This report is a summary of the discussions addressing these objectives."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2003-05-23
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Deciphering Pathogens: Blueprints for New Medical Tools
"Probably nowhere in science is genomics making more inroads into understanding human diseases than in the field of microbiology--the study of microbes and their interactions with human beings and the environment. With the complete genomes of dozens of pathogenic microbes in hand--and many more on the way--scientists have begun a powerful new assault on some of humankind's oldest enemies. Illnesses caused by pathogenic microbes are today the second leading cause of death worldwide and third leading cause of death in the United States. Throughout the world, infectious diseases are also responsible for countless hospitalizations, sick days, missed work, and other lost opportunities. Those losses cost hundreds of billions of dollars each year." This document explains how a genome is sequences and how studies explain how microbes cause disease. It also addresses proteomics and genomics and biodefense. Tuberculosis, Malaria, sexually transmitted diseases, and microbes and chronic diseases are each examined individually.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2002-09
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NIAID Research Agenda for CDC Category A Agents Biodefense: Progress Report
"In February 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened the first Blue Ribbon Panel on Bioterrorism and Its Implications for Biomedical Research. This panel of experts was brought together by NIAID to provide objective expertise on the Institute's future counter-bioterrorism research agenda for anthrax, smallpox, botulism, plague, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers, the pathogens commonly referred to as CDC Category A agents. As a result of this meeting and the deliberations of the panel, a research agenda was developed and widely distributed to the scientific community. This agenda described the recommendations of the panel and NIAID's priorities for research on the Category A agents of bioterrorism (agenda available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/biodefense/research/biotresearchagenda.pdf). Tremendous progress has been made in the year since this report was released. A significant area of early emphasis for NIAID has been establishment of the research infrastructure necessary to support studies of biodefense pathogens, such as biosafety containment laboratories. In addition, NIAID has worked to attract the long-term interest and support of industry and academia in developing biodefense countermeasures...This progress report describes the progress that has been made toward addressing the immediate goals outlined in the research agenda. The first section of this report reviews progress on meeting the general recommendations made by the panel that apply to all areas of NIAID biodefense research. Research goals specific to each of the Category A pathogens are covered in individual chapters. Finally, the progress made thus far on immunology as it relates to biodefense is described in a separate chapter." - From Introduction
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2003-08
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NIAID Strategic Plan for Biodefense Research [2007 Update]
"This updated Strategic Plan for Biodefense Research builds upon the successes and investments of the first plan and accompanying research agendas; it is consistent with the HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) Strategy for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Threats, the HHS PHEMCE Implementation Plan, and the Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)-18, which outline strategies for identifying medical countermeasure requirements and establishing priorities for their research, development, and acquisition. These successes and investments include advances in understanding the biology of specific pathogens and the host's immune response; construction of new biocontainment laboratory facilities; professional training in biosafety and biocontainment; and establishment of critical research resources and infrastructure that support applied science and advanced product development. Although the focus of this updated Strategic Plan continues to be on basic research and its application to product development, there is a shift from the current 'one bug-one drug' approach toward a more flexible, broad spectrum approach. This approach involves developing medical countermeasures that are effective against a variety of pathogens and toxins, developing technologies that can be widely applied to improve classes of products, and establishing platforms that can reduce the time and cost of creating new products. The broad spectrum strategy recognizes both the expanding range of biological threats and the limited resources available to address each individual threat."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2007-09
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - Grants/Contracts
This page from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) provides information and resources on grant and contract funding opportunities. "Stay abreast of funding opportunities, updates to policy, and other announcements of interest to potential grant and award seekers. NIAID-relevant funding opportunity announcements (FOAs), request for applications (RFAs), program announcements (PAs), and other NIH Guide announcements can be found using the Opportunities & Announcements tool. [...] Learn about funding opportunity announcements and choosing the right type of funding opportunity. To maximize your chance of funding, create an application that fits NIAID research priorities. Review Council-approved concepts, find clues in our initiative list, check NIH databases, and contact a NIAID program officer.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
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Strategic Plan and Research Agenda for Medical Countermeasures Against Radiological and Nuclear Threats Progress Report: 2005-2011 and Future Research Directions: 2012-2016
"In 2003, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and White House Homeland Security Council jointly convened a Radiological/Nuclear Threat Countermeasures Working Group to develop a list of priority research areas, an assessment of the current status of radiation diagnostics and biodosimetry, and product requirements statements for candidate radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs). The interagency consensus developed through this process was finally published in 2005. In 2004, building on this interagency consensus, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) directed the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to develop a strategic plan and research agenda to guide efforts at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop MCMs against radiological and nuclear threats. Previously, no federal agency had the mission to develop such products for civilian populations. Taking the Working Group Final Report and reports from subsequent focused workshops sponsored by NIAID and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as a starting point, NIAID developed a draft research agenda for the new NIH Radiation Countermeasures Program (RCP). [...] NIH has made substantial progress toward addressing the specific research goals and recommendations identified in the four priority areas of the Strategic Plan and Research Agenda, thereby increasing the breadth and depth of research on radiation MCMs. These are described as 'Continuing Research Goals' in each section of this report. Based on the knowledge and experience gained in the subsequent 5 years, 'Expanded/Revised Research Goals' representing a refinement and more in-depth, mature understanding of program requirements have been identified to establish future directions for 2012--2016. As scientific, research and programmatic gaps are identified and assessed, program adjustments are instituted and/or new initiatives are developed."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.); National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
2012-06
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NIAID Strategic Plan for COVID-19 Research FY2020-FY2024
From the Executive Summary: "The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the United States (U.S.) National Institutes of Health (NIH) is committed to safeguarding the health of Americans and people around the world by accelerating research efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and characterize the causative agent of this disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This 'NIAID Strategic Plan for COVID-19 Research' builds on current trans-NIAID efforts to better understand SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, transmission, and mechanisms of protective immunity by expanding resources and activities that support rapid development of biomedical tools to more effectively combat this disease and pandemic. Given the urgency of the public health response, studies that inform efforts to control virus spread and mitigate morbidity and mortality, including therapeutic and vaccine development, are the priority. In addition, it is essential to develop rapid, accurate, point-of-care diagnostics--a critical asset to mitigating the spread of COVID-19."
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.); United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2020-04-22
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NIH Medical Research Program Directed Against Chemical Threats: 2017 Report on Research Progress and Future Directions
"The general health threat posed by chemical agents has created numerous challenges for many departments and agencies across the U.S. government. Unlike infectious diseases and radiological and nuclear exposures, where a latent period may allow for prophylactic measures to be instituted prior to the manifestation of clinical symptoms, injuries from chemical exposures can occur rapidly with immediate casualties and fatalities. Many of these toxic chemicals or their precursors may be easily procured or manufactured undetected. Some of these chemicals do not even require specialized scientific expertise or knowledge for their synthesis and use. In addition, the sheer number and variety of chemicals that pose a health risk to civilians is especially daunting. [...] It is impractical to develop specific medical countermeasures (MCMs) against every dangerous chemical available, so a prioritization system is necessary to focus MCM research and development efforts. As such, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC) was tasked with analyzing and prioritizing chemicals that have been deemed to be threats to civilians. In support of this prioritization effort, CSAC developed the Chemical Terrorism Risk Assessment (CTRA) and Chemical Infrastructure Risk Assessment (CIRA) programs, which use probabilistic risk assessments to quantify and prioritize chemical risk. [...] The purpose of this report is to provide an update on the progress of NIH's [National Institutes of Health] chemical MCM research and early development program between fiscal years 2011 and 2017 and offer insight into future directions."
National Institutes of Health (U.S.); United States. Department of Health and Human Services; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)
2018-11
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