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NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. The Pocket Guide presents key information and data in abbreviated tabular form for 677 chemicals or substance groupings (e.g., manganese compounds, tellurium compounds, inorganic tin compounds, etc.) that are found in the work environment. The industrial hygiene information found in the Pocket
Guide should help users recognize and control occupational chemical hazards. The chemicals or substances contained in this revision include all substances for which the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended exposure limits (RELs) and those with permissible exposure limits (PELs) as found in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
General Industry Air Contaminants Standard (29 CFR 1910.1000).
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2000
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NIOSH Report of Deepwater Horizon Response/BP Illness and Injury Data (April 23 - July 8, 2010)
"This report is designed to provide a basic overview of illness and injuries recorded by BP [British Petroleum] safety officials that occurred to workers involved in the Deepwater Horizon response. Injuries and illnesses were coded and categorized utilizing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS). It will be updated on a regular basis as new data becomes available. The data used to produce this report were provided to NIOSH [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health] by BP safety officials, who are sharing their health and safety incidents database with CDC/NIOSH [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]. The database is comprised of the information recorded by BP safety officials on an incident form that is filled out for any event leading to injury or illness which was believed to be work-related. It includes incidents which occurred to BP employees, BP contracted workers, federal/state/local responders, and volunteers. There may be some local (parish) workers involved in response efforts who do not fall under the supervision of the Unified Area Command, and thus would not be included in this database. The incident forms are filled out by BP safety officials, as opposed to healthcare personnel, and do not contain strict medical diagnoses of injury or illness. This method of employer-generated data collection is standard occupational safety and health practice. It should be noted that because the data used for this report are being collected by BP, NIOSH cannot independently verify the accuracy and completeness of the database."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-07-27
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Preventing Deaths and Injuries of Fire Fighters During Training Exercises
"The role of the fire department has evolved over the years to encompass more than traditional fire suppression. Fire fighters respond to hazardous material incidents, combustible-metal fires, large-scale disasters, and terrorist events. They perform trench, high incline, and confined space rescues and provide emergency medical service calls. Even fire suppression has become multifaceted with changes in technology and the fireground environment. In addition, residential home fires have decreased approximately 50% over the past 40 years. The expanded role and decrease in structure fire fighting experience of the fire fighter has made training a necessity for carrying out the mission of the fire service as safely as possible. [...] Inadequate training and training without safeguards can be life threatening
to fire fighters. National consensus standards for training programs have been established for decades; however, some fire departments are not conducting training in accordance with these established standards. The reasons can include budgetary constraints, time constraints, and/or a lack of understanding the standards and the benefits of complying with them. Legal precedent has established that a lack of understanding of the standards will not absolve the department of responsibility and accountability for a fire fighter injury or death during training."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2016-12
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NIOSH Hazard Based Interim Guidelines: Protective Equipment for Workers in Hurricane Flood Response
"The purpose of this interim National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) fact sheet is to provide general guidance for personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers responding in hurricane flood zones. This guidance is based on best available information as of September 9, 2005 and will be updated as additional information is available. PPE selection and use is site and task specific. General guidelines must be adapted to specific conditions. This guidance represents professional judgment based on experience from responses to past storms and floods. Additional interim recommendations will be added for clean-up and restoration operations. These interim recommendations focus on the following hazards associated with response activities: Hazard 1 Sharp jagged debris Hazard 2 Floodwater exposure Hazard 3 Electrical hazards Hazard 4 Contact with blood/body fluids and handling animal and human remains Note: This guidance is not a comprehensive list of hazards and does not include important hazards such as stress or fatigue that are not addressed via PPE."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Emergency Preparedness for Business [website]
This page contains a collection of emergency response resources geared towards businesses. Included on this page are the following types of resources: Management Planning Guides to assist in the development of comprehensive plans for dealing with terrorism-related events, including specific instructions to building occupants, actions to be taken by facility management, and first responder notification procedures; Facility Projection guidance on steps businesses can take to improve the protective features of their facilities to protect against and minimize the effects of a terrorist attack; Other Resources for Business Emergency Preparation covering chemical, public health and other areas of concern; as well as information on appropriate contacts in emergency situations.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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NIOSH Alert: Preventing Sensitization and Disease from Beryllium Exposure
"Workers exposed to particles, fumes, mists, or solutions from beryllium-containing materials may develop beryllium sensitization or chronic beryllium disease, a potentially disabling or even fatal respiratory disease." The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] lists a number of measures for workers "exposed to particles, fumes, mists, or solutions from beryllium-containing materials" to take to minimize beryllium related illnesses. This alert is presented in both English and Spanish.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2011-02
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Emergency Response Safety and Health Database
"The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database (ERSH-DB) is a rapidly accessible occupational safety and health database developed by NIOSH [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health] for the emergency response community. The ERSH-DB contains accurate and concise information on high-priority chemical, biological and radiological agents that could be encountered by personnel responding to a terrorist event."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Summary Report to the New York City Department of Health: NIOSH Air Sample Results for the World Trade Center Disaster Response
"From September 18 through October 4, 2001, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) personnel (and contractors) collected air samples in areas immediately adjacent to the debris pile and on personnel actively involved in rescue efforts on or in the vicinity of the debris pile to characterize occupational exposures during the disaster response at the World Trade Center site in New York City, NY. This report is a compilation of sampling efforts that were undertaken over the course of providing technical assistance to the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH), and were used to identify potential hazards and to recommend appropriate protective measures where needed for the workers whose exposures were sampled. As a result of this activity, workers using oxyacetylene torches and gasoline- powered saws to cut metal beams were found to have hazardous exposures to carbon monoxide and cadmium; this information lead to interventions that addressed these problems. Because these findings are based on limited sampling, they may not be representative of more general exposures. However, they are consistent with those reported by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The area air samples were collected in the immediate vicinity of workers at a height approximating their breathing zone. The personal air samples were collected on workers with the sampling device placed in the worker's breathing zone. Additional bulk sampling was conducted and results were included in the daily summaries to the NYCDOH. Blank sampling was also performed for quality assurance; these results are not included in this report."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2002-02
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Guidance for Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments for Airborne Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Attacks
"This document discusses air-filtration and air-cleaning issues associated with protecting building environments from an airborne chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) attack. It provides information about issues that should be considered when assessing, installing, and upgrading filtration systems--along with the types of threats that can be addressed by air-filtration and air-cleaning systems. It is intended to provide guidance regarding measures that may be taken to prepare for a potential CBR attack, rather than in response to an actual CBR event. The complex issues regarding response and cleanup in the aftermath of an actual CBR event are situation dependent and are beyond the scope of this guidance document. This is a companion document to the previously released NIOSH document titled 'Guidance for Protecting Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Attacks.' That document provided a broad array of recommendations for protecting buildings, including physical security, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system operation, maintenance and training, and filtration. This document gives specific and detailed guidance for one area of concern--filtration and air cleaning."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2003-04
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CDC: Suggested Guidance for Supervisors at Disaster Rescue Sites [website]
"Disaster sites pose a multitude of health and safety concerns. The hazards and exposures are a function of the unstable nature of the site, the potential of hazardous substances being present and the type of work being performed. An accurate assessment of all hazards may not be possible because they may not be immediately obvious or identifiable. Rescue personnel may be selecting protective measures based on limited information. In addition to the hazards of direct exposure, workers are also subject to dangers posed by the unstable physical environment, the stress of working in protective clothing, and the emotional trauma of the situation."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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NIOSH Interim Guidelines for Fire Fighting Operations in the Hurricane Katrina Response
"The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) provides the following interim guidelines for preventing injury, illness, and death among fire fighters working in the response to Hurricane Katrina. Potential problems in responses to hurricanes, floods, and other largescale natural disasters include lapses in command and operating procedures, and lack of or shortages in communication, fire fighting tools and equipment, and personal protective equipment (PPE)."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2005-09-08
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Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities
"This manual is a guidance document for managers responsible for occupational safety and health programs at inactive hazardous waste sites. It assumes a basic knowledge of science and experience in occupational safety and health. It is the product of a four-agency committee - the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSHI. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - mandated by the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) section 301(f) to study the problem of protecting the safety and health of workers at hazardous waste sites. and by CERCLA section 111(c)(6) to develop a program to protect the health and safety of employees involved in response to hazardous substance releases, removals, or remedial actions."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1985-10
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Fire Fighters Exposed to Electrical Hazards During Wildland Fire Operations
"Among the various hazards fire fighters face are electrical hazards during wildland fire suppression activities. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) reports that 10 fire fighters died from contact with electricity during wildland fires between 1980 and 1999 (this figure does not include lightning strikes) [NFPA 2001]. As part of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program, NIOSH investigated two separate incidents in 1999 in which fire fighters died or were seriously injured from exposures to electricity while fighting wildland fires [NIOSH 1999a,b]."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2002-01
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Determination of Open Circuit, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Performance During Dynamic Testing against Chemical Agents of Sarin (GB) Vapor and Distilled Sulfur Mustard (HD) Vapor and Liquid Standard Testing Procedure (STP)
"This test establishes the procedures for ensuring the level of respiratory protection provided under special Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) requirements for Open-circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) with Full Face piece submitted for Approval, Extension of Approval, or examined during Certification Product Audits, meet the minimum certification standards set forth in Title 42 CFR, Part 84, Subpart G, Section 84.63(c). This procedure is used to test SCBA systems against Sarin GB vapor or Distilled Sulfur Mustard (HD) vapor and/or liquid, while the mask is operated in dynamic mode by means of a breather pump connected to the mouth area of the manikin. The mask is installed on a head/upper torso form known as a Simulant Agent Resistant Test Manikin (SMARTMAN). The SMARTMAN is enclosed in an air-tight exposure chamber. Instrumentation is integrated under one static chamber platform capable of generating and controlling challenge concentrations and detecting precise agent permeation of a tested respirator. Sampling ports, associated detection systems and exhalation engineering controls in the SMARTMAN are used to detect the presence of agent at known sampling areas of the eye and oral/nasal regions."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2005-06-03
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NIOSH Fast Facts: Protecting Yourself from Heat Stress
"Heat stress, from exertion or hot environments, places workers at risk for illnesses such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion, or heat cramps." A heat stroke is defined as "a condition that occurs when the body becomes unable to control its temperature, and can cause death or permanent disability."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010
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Managing Traumatic Incident Stress for Deepwater Horizon Response and Volunteer Workers
This pamphlet describes the range of ordinary reactions to stress that workers may experience during work or in the weeks or months that follow. Taken from the Introduction: "Workers and volunteers may experience stress and fatigue when they respond to environmental disasters, both natural and human-caused. As a Deepwater Horizon responder, you are at risk of feeling uncomfortable levels of stress from what mental health professionals refer to as a traumatic incident. The term traumatic is used because of an unexpected and troubling change in the natural order of things, such as the untimely death or injury of oil-covered wildlife and the impact on fishing communities and the environment. This pamphlet describes the range of ordinary reactions to stress that you may experience during your work, or in the weeks or months that follow. It is important to monitor your health and well-being during this entire period, even months after your response work has ended. Following these recommendations will help you to manage your stress and fatigue during and after a response."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-07-12
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Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, Interim Report 8A
"On May 28, 2010, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from BP for a health hazard evaluation (HHE). The request asked NIOSH to evaluate potential exposures and health effects among workers involved in Deepwater Horizon Response activities. [...] This report (Interim Report #8) provides background, describes methods, reports findings, and provides conclusions and, where appropriate, interim recommendations for our evaluation of vessel and equipment decontamination and waste management workers."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-10-25
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Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, Interim Report 7 Summary
"On May 28, 2010, BP requested a health hazard evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response workers. The seventh in a
series of interim reports from this health hazard evaluation was issued October 15, 2010. In this seventh interim report,
NIOSH [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health] presents the findings of the evaluations of shore cleaning work sites."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-10
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Story of Impact: NIOSH Research Recommendations are Incorporated into National Standards to Enhance Protection for EMS Responders
"Firefighters, emergency medical service (EMS) responders, and many other public safety officials play a critical role in protecting the safety and health of people and property every day. It is estimated that more than 1 million firefighters and an additional 50,000 EMS responders are engaged in EMS operations. Routinely, these EMS responders are exposed to a wide range of hazards, including bloodborne pathogens, that require the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). [...] The NFPA [National Fire Protection Association] Technical Committee on Emergency
Medical Operations Protective Clothing and Equipment
identified a number of deficiencies in the
2003 edition of NFPA 1999. These deficiencies were
primarily clothing or equipment categories where
industry had not responded with certified products
even though these items are understood to be extensively
used during emergency medical operations."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010
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Information for 2010 Gulf Oil Spill Workers on Traumatic Incident Stress
"Workers must respond quickly to environmental disasters, both natural and human-caused. As a responder to the Gulf Oil Spill, you are at risk of experiencing stress from what mental health professionals refer to as a traumatic incident. A traumatic incident is one that may involve exposure to catastrophic events such as the disruption to the natural cycle of life including dead or struggling wildlife, and rapidly evolving situations that cause significant and long term economic consequences. This pamphlet describes a range of ordinary reactions that you may experience during response and recovery efforts or in the weeks or months following your work with this unprecedented disaster. It is important to monitor your health and well being during this entire period, even months after your involvement with response efforts have ceased. In addition to monitoring yourself, this pamphlet also provides guidance about managing stress reactions and fatigue."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010
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Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, Interim Report 7
"On May 28, 2010, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a
request from BP for a health hazard evaluation (HHE). The request asked NIOSH to evaluate
potential exposures and health effects among workers involved in Deepwater Horizon
Response activities. NIOSH sent an initial team of HHE investigators on June 2, 2010, to begin
the assessment of off-shore activities. To date, more than three dozen HHE investigators have
been on-scene. [...] This report (Interim Report #7) provides background, describes methods, reports findings, and
provide conclusions and, where appropriate, interim recommendations for our evaluation of
beach cleaning workers. This evaluation took place in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and
Mississippi in June and July 2010."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-10-15
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Staying Safe and Healthy on the Job! For Deepwater Horizon Response Workers
This fact sheet provides tips to response workers working on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-06-29
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Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, Interim Report 1 Summary
"On May 28, 2010, BP requested a health hazard evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response workers. The first
interim report from this health hazard evaluation was released on June 23, 2010. This card summarizes what
NIOSH [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health] found."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-09
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Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, Interim Report 2 Summary
"On May 28, 2010, BP requested a health hazard evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response workers. The second in a
series of interim reports from this health hazard evaluation was issued July 12, 2010. Below is a summary of the main
findings and recommendations from this report."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-09
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Death in the Line of Duty...A Summary of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation: Career Fire Fighter Dies After Being Trapped in a Roof Collapse During Overhaul of a Vacant/Abandoned Building - Michigan
"On November 15, 2008, a 38-year-old male
fire fighter (the victim) died after being
crushed by a roof collapse in a
vacant/abandoned building. Fire fighters
initially used a defensive fire attack to
extinguish much of the fire showing from
the second-floor windows on arrival. After
the initial knockdown, fire crews entered the
second floor to perform overhaul operations.
During overhaul, the roof collapsed with
several fire fighters still inside, on the
second floor. The victim and two other fire
fighters were trapped under a section of the
roof. Crews were able to rescue two fire
fighters (who self-extricated), but could not
immediately find the victim. After cutting
through roofing materials, the victim was located by fire fighters, unconscious and unresponsive. He
was removed from the structure and transported to a local hospital where he was pronounced dead.
Key contributing factors identified in this investigation include: dilapidated building conditions,
incendiary fire originating in the unprotected structural roof members, inadequate risk-versus-gain
analysis prior to committing to interior operations involving a vacant/abandoned structure, inadequate
accountability system, lack of a safety officer, an inadequate maintenance program for self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA) and a poorly maintained and likely inoperable personal alert safety systems (PASS), ineffective strategies for the prevention of and the remediation of vacant/abandoned structures and arson prevention."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-01-31
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Injury in the Line of Duty... A Summary of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Injury Investigation: Eight Fire Fighters from a Combination Department Injured in a Natural Gas Explosion at a Strip Mall - Maryland
"On May 7, 2009, two captains, a lieutenant, and five fire fighters were injured during a natural gas
explosion at a strip mall in Maryland. At 1254 hours, dispatch reported a natural gas leak inside a
business at a strip mall. Five minutes later, the initial responding crew and the incident commander
(IC) arrived on scene to find a gas company employee looking for an underground gas leak.
Approximately 6 minutes later, a natural gas leak was found near the exterior rear corner of the
structure. After 23 minutes on scene, approximately 45 civilians were evacuated from 7 occupied
businesses. [...] Key contributing factors identified in this investigation included: insufficient execution of the fire
department's updated standard operating guidelines (SOGs) on incidents involving flammable gas,
e.g., apparatus and fire fighters operating in a flammable area (hot zone); the accumulation of natural
gas in the structure's void spaces; unmitigated ignition source; insufficient combustible gas monitoring
equipment usage and training; and, ineffective ventilation techniques."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-02-22
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NIOSH Death in the Line of Duty: Career Fire Fighter Dies of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning After Becoming Lost While Searching for the Seat of a Fire in Warehouse - New York
"On December 16, 2003, a 30-year-old male fire fighter (the victim) died after he became separated from his crew members while searching for the seat of a fire at a furniture warehouse. His crew exited due to worsening conditions and a missing member announcement was made. At one point while inside the warehouse, members of an engine crew thought they heard a scream but could not identify the source. After an evacuation order was given and as engine crew members were exiting, the victim's officer mistakenly identified one of them as the missing member and cancelled the emergency message. Once fire fighters had exited, a personnel accountability report (PAR) was taken on the street which revealed that the victim was still missing. The victim's officer initiated a second emergency message for a missing member and a search was begun. The victim, who had a working radio, was found lying face down with his face piece removed and 900 psi left in his self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). His Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) alarm was reported by fire fighters to be inaudible. His carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level was 74.8% in the emergency room."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2005-03-31
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What Every Worker Should Know: How to Protect Yourself from Needlestick Injuries
This document serves as a fact sheet on needlestick injuries for medical staff. It provides valuable information on how needlestick injuries occur, how workers can protect themselves from such injuries, infections as a result of needlestick injuries, and other useful information.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2000-07-26?
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NIOSH Guidance for Post-Exposure Medical Screening of Workers Leaving Hurricane Disaster Recovery Areas
"The primary purpose of worker screening programs is to protect worker health by early identification of work-related conditions in individual workers. Through screening, adverse effects in individuals can be recognized in a timely way to provide intervention for the individual, while identifying potential risks to others in the same population of workers or populations with similar exposures. The goal of screening is to identify those who need further medical attention, not necessarily to definitively diagnose or treat based only on information provided through the screening."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2009-11
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Medical Pre-Placement Evaluation for Workers Engaged in the Deepwater Horizon Response
The objective of these recommendations is to provide guidance for health professionals who provide primary care to workers or volunteers who may be involved with the Deepwater Horizon response. The recommendations describe a plan for pre-placement evaluation to gather medical information on workers prior to beginning oil spill response work.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2010-07-22
