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• PRISM: The Journal of Complex Operations (Volume 8, No. 1)

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  This edition of PRISM features the following articles: "Defending Democracy and Human Rights in the Western Hemisphere" by Luis Almagro; "The Strategic Price of Neglect" by Peter Schechter; "The U.S. Military in Support of Strategic Objectives in Latin America and the Caribbean" by R. Evan Ellis; "The Venezuelan Crisis and Salvador Allende's Glasses" by Juan S. Gonzalez; "The Evolution of the Most Lethal Criminal Organization in Brazil-the PCC [First Capital Command]" by Leonardo Coutinho; "Great Expectations and Grim Realities in AMLO's [Andrés Manuel López Obrador] Mexico" by Mary Speck; "Security Challenges of the New Colombian Administration" by David E. Spencer; "Extra-regional Actors in Latin America: The United States is not the Only Game in Town" by Douglas Farah and Kathryn Babineau; "Only Connect: the Survival and Spread of Organized Crime in Latin America" by Ivan Briscoe and David Keseberg; and "The New Opium War: A National Emergency" by Celina B. Realuyo.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2019
• PRISM: The Journal of Complex Operations (Volume 9, No. 1)

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  This edition of PRISM features the following articles: "The Essence of the Strategic Competition with China" by Michael J. Mazarr; "Rediscovering a Strategic Purpose for NATO" by Peter Ricketts; "The Evolution of Authoritarian Digital Influence: Grappling with the New Normal" by Shanthi Kalathil; "Quantum Computing's Cyber-Threat to National Security" by Steve Grobman; "No Competition Without Presence: Should the U.S. Leave Africa" by Katherine Zimmerman; "China's Strategic Objectives in a Post-Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] World" by Benjamin Tze Ern Ho; "International Competition to Provide Security Force Assistance in Africa: Civil-Military Relations Matter" by Jahara Matisek; "Don't Trust Anyone: The ABCs of Building Resilient Telecommunications Networks" by Andy Purdy, Vladimir M. Yordanov, and Yair Kler; and "Is China Expansionist?" by Kishore Mahbubani.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2020
• PRISM: The Journal of Complex Operations (Volume 8, No. 4)

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  This edition of PRISM features the following articles: "Who Wants to be a Great Power" by Lawrence Freedman; "ROC(K) Solid Preparedness: Resistance Operations Concept in the Shadow of Russia" by Otto Fiala and Ulrica Pettersson; "AI [artificial intelligence] Singularity and the Growing Risk of Surprise: Lessons from the IDF's [Israel Defense Forces] Strategic and Operational Learning Processes, 2014-2019" by Meir Finkel; "China's Private Military and Security Companies: Chinese Muscle and the Reasons for U.S. Engagement" by Christopher Spearin; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] The Pandemic and its Impact on Security Policy" by Matthias Rogg; "No Such Thing as a Perfect Partner: the Challenges of 'By, With, and Through'" by Emily Knowles; "Elite Incentives and Power Dynamics in Fragile States" by Sarah Rose; "Foreign Aid in an Era of Great Power Competition" by Andrew S. Natsios; "Perspectives for a China Strategy" by Joseph S. Nye, Jr.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2020
• Winning the Invisible War: An Agricultural Pilot Plan for Afghanistan

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  "When this paper was undertaken in the summer of 2007, one of its purposes was to sound the alarm over Afghanistan and the critical need for comprehensive action across all sectors of society to prevent that country from becoming a failed state. The second purpose was to lay out the major areas that needed immediate attention, largely within the civil side of reconstruction and development. The third was to propose specific pilot plans for rejuvenating the agricultural sector. These plans were developed by experienced American farmers and other experts with long careers in government, agriculture, and development. The principle participants are co-authors. Now, six months later, it appears that the Bush administration and NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] are taking that warning seriously. At least three studies are underway: one at Central Command; a second at the State Department; and a third at NATO. Those studies need not take much time to finish. The issues are clear. At the strategic level, what happens in Afghanistan and beyond its borders can have even greater long-term consequences than how the struggle to bring a measure of stability and order to Iraq turns out. Failure would be disastrous for the United States and the region. Afghanistan could again become a breeding ground for insurgency and terrorism, possibly worse than before the Taliban government was overthrown in 2001. The thriving drug trade also presents major national security and domestic criminal dangers. And what happens in Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan will influence and be influenced by conditions in Afghanistan."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Borcherdt, Edward; Carson, Austin; Kennefick, Frank

  2008-03
• Military Planning Systems and Stability Operations

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  This article discusses Afghanistan conflict, and the role of the U.S. military in the region, and implications for national security. "The relationship between cause and effect, action and response, in stability operations is not inscrutable. However, the methods and data needed for dealing with complex contingencies differ greatly from those of conventional military operations. Greater attention must be paid to the political, social, economic, and cultural context of the operation because those conditions have a serious impact on how military actions work and how those actions are perceived. Because the effect of any action is conditioned by the environment, it is important to develop confidence in the anticipated effect by observing patterns in a large body of data collected over a long period. In both Afghanistan and Iraq, the United States should already have that data. Regrettably, it does not. [...] The President's strategy review for Afghanistan and recent proposals to reform intelligence indicate that national security decisionmakers place a greater emphasis on data than dialogue. Currently, there are no consistent measures of effectiveness and only a small body of data with which to judge the likelihood of success. Thus, military experience cannot be generalized, and the views of generals are ideographic. Tomislav Z. Ruby, in his response to General Mattis's memorandum, argued, 'Rather than abandoning the concept of EBO [Effects Based Operations], USJFCOM [United States Joint Forces Command] should move to create a change in the U.S. military culture away from accepting inefficiency as long as there is overwhelming power.' General Flynn and his coauthors also call for a change in the military culture. It is past time to incorporate knowledge of the dynamics of complex contingencies into the body of military knowledge."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Gregor, William J.

  2010-05
• Weak States and Security Assistance

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  "While this article does not directly address operations in Iraq or Afghanistan, important lessons are emerging from those conflicts that are reshaping the military outside of counterinsurgency operations. First is the impact of intervention itself; forced democratization tends to produce semidemocratic governments with political instability and internal conflict. Second, to bring stability to postconflict zones requires new ways of using military forces. For example, General Barry McCaffrey, USA (Ret.), noted that success in Afghanistan would be achieved when there are Afghan police units in every district, a greatly expanded Afghan National Army, and significant agricultural reform. Finally, combat operations have taught the military that lethality cannot solve security problems. Instead, training and equipping indigenous forces to protect and control their territory are essential for long-term stability. These lessons have gained traction and have been extended to weak states in more permissive environments. Paul Collier argues that the role for advanced militaries of the world is 'to supply the global public good of peace in territories that otherwise have the potential for nightmare.' Implicit in Collier's assertion is the importance of weak states to international security."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Reveron, Derek S.

  2010-05
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 4, Syria Supplement)

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  This supplementary edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: "An Unfolding Tragedy"; "A Diplomat's Perfect Storm"; "Next Steps in Syria"; "The Rise of Syria's Urban Poor; Why the War for Syria's Future Will Be Fought Over the Country's New Urban Villages"; "Syria's Salafi Networks"; "Syria's Sectarian Conflict"; "Moving Past the Bosnia Fallacy"; "How to Support the Opposition in Syria"; "Transnational Justice and National Reconciliation"; "Memorandum for President Assad"; "Advice to Policy-Makers Who Would Tackle Syria"; "Mapping the Information-Sharing Ecosystem in Syria"; "An Interview with Fredric C. Hof"; "An Interview with Murhaf Jouejati"; and "An Interview with Osama Kadi".

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2014
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 5, No.1)

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  This edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: "A Better Approach to War Powers" By Tim Kaine; "Governing for the Future: What Governments Can Do" By Peter Ho & Adrian W.J. Kuah; "To Build a Network" By John Arquilla; "Intervention in Intrastate War: The Military Planning Problem" By William Gregor; "Merging Competing Militaries After Civil Wars" By Roy Licklider; "The Organized Crime - Peace Operations Nexus" By Wibke Hansen; "Tackling Nuclear Terrorism in South Asia" By Feroz Khan & Emily Burke; "Hezbollah's Syrian Quagmire" By Matthew Levitt; "The Terror Crime Nexus: Hezbollah's Global Facilitators" By Celina Realuyo; "Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God" Reviewed by Thomas F. Lynch III; "Establishing a Conceptual Framework for Interagency Coordination at U.S. Southern Command" By Joanna Gutierrez Winters; and "An Interview with Admiral Samuel J. Locklear III".

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2014
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 5, No.2)

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  This edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: 'The Tswalu Dialog' by Michael Miklaucic; 'On the State of Peace and Security in Africa' by Olusegun Obasanjo; 'Emerging Risks and Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for the American Agenda of Peace and Security, Democracy and Governance, Economic Growth and Development' by Jeffrey Herbst and Greg Mills; 'Security Threats Facing Africa and its Capacity to Respond' by Paul Collier; Shaping Africa's Peace and Security Partnerships for the 21st Century' by Amanda Dory; 'Upcoming Inflection Point' by Phillip Carter and Ryan Guard; 'The Recurrent Security Crises in Mali and the Role of the African Union' by Pierre Buyoya; 'Dynamics of Conflict Management in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Malawi and the Force Intervention Brigade' by Clement Namangale; ' Somaliland: Where there has been Conflict but no Intervention' by Rakiya Omaar and Saeed Mohamoud; 'Lessons from Colombia for Fighting the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria' by Afeikhena Jerome; 'The African Development Bank's Support to Post Conflict States' by Sunita Pitamber; 'The Soldier and the Street' by Marie Besançon and Stephen Dalzell.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2015
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 4, No.4)

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  This edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: "Egypt in Transition: The Third Republic" by M. Cherif Bassiouni; "Talking to the Taliban 2010 - 2011: A Reflection" by Marc Grossman; "Strategic Terrorism: A Call to Action" by Nathan P. Myhrvold; "Hybridization of Conflicts" by Alain Bauer; "Putting State Legitimacy at the Center of Foreign Operations and Assistance" by Bruce Gilley; "Rules of Engagement and Abusive Citizens" by Amitai Etzioni; "Swift and Decisive Victory: The Strategic Implications of what Victory Means" by Chong Shi Hao; and "Evolving Internal Roles of the Armed Forces: Lessons for Building Partner Capacity" by Albrecht Schnabel and Marc Krupanski. This edition also includes the following one lessons learned, two book reviews, and one interview: "Confronting the Threat of Corruption and Organized Crime in Afghanistan: Implications for Future Armed Conflict" by Tim Sullivan and Carl Forsberg; "Women and Wars" reviewed by Kristen A. Cordell; "End of Power" reviewed by Amy Zalman; and "Interview with Lieutenant General Mike Flynn".

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2014
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 4, No.3)

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  This edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: "Remarks of U.S. President Barack Obama at National Defense University on May 23, 2013"; "Securing the State: National Security and Secret Intelligence"; "Military Leaders and Global Leaders: Contrasts, Contradictions, and Opportunities"; "Redefining the Indirect Approach, Defining Special Operations Forces (SOF) Power, and the Global Networking of SOF"; "The Military in a Wicked World: A European Union Military Point of View"; "Addressing a Recurrent, Variable and Complex Challenge: The Uncertain Trajectory of Stabilization and Reconstruction in U.S. Security Strategy"; "From Multilateral Champion to Handicapped Donor - And Back Again?"; "Central America's Northern Triangle: A Time for turmoil and Transitions"; "A US Asian-Pacific Pivot Point"; "Towards a Taxonomy of Militaries"; "Joint Deployable Training Teams: Helping to Focus the Effort"; "Response to the Decade of War"; "An Interview with Dennis Blair"; and "The Insurgents: David Petraeus and the Plot to Change the American Way of War".

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2013
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 6, No.1)

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  This edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: "All the Elements of National Power" By Michael Miklaucic and Cathleen Pearl; "Inclusive Security: NATO Adapts and Adopts" By Swanee Hunt and Douglas Lute; "Inclusive Security and Peaceful Societies: Exploring the Evidence" By Marie O'Reilly; "Integrating Gender Perspectives within the Department of Defense" By Anne Witkowsky; "Female Citizen Soldiers and Airmen: Key Contributors to Worldwide Peace and Security" By Frank Grass; "Inclusive Security for the Muslim World" By Husain Haqqani; "Gender Perspectives and Military Effectiveness: Implementing UNSCR 1325 and the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security" By Robert Egnell; "Women Warriors: Why the Robotics Revolution Changes the Combat Equation" By Linell Letendre; "Women as Symbols and Swords in Boko Haram's Terror" By Mia Bloom and Hilary Matfess; "We Are Not Helpless: Addressing Structural Gender Inequality in Post-Conflict Societies" By Valerie M. Hudson, Donna Lee Bowen, and Perpetua Lynne Nielsen; "The Secret Driving Force Behind Mongolia's Successful Democracy" By Oyungerel Tsedevdamba; "Engendering Responses to Complex Emergencies: Lessons from South Sudan" By Akinyi R. Walender; "Innovation in the Prevention of the Use of Child Soldiers: Women in the Security Sector" By Roméo Dallaire, Shelly Whitman, and Sam Holland; "Brazil and UN Security Council Resolution 1325: Progress and Challenges of the Implementation Process" By Renata Giannini, Mariana Lima, and Pérola Pereira; and "Inclusive Political Settlements New Insights from Yemen's National Dialogue" By Thania Paffenholz and Nick Ross.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2016
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 6, No.3)

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  This edition of "PRISM" contains the following articles: "Special Operations Doctrine: Is it Needed?"; "Need Authorities for the Gray Zone?"; "The Limits of Special Operations Forces"; "Regional Understanding and Unity of Effort"; "Context is King"; "Special Operations Forces and Conventional Forces: Integration, Interoperability, and Interdependence"; "Reaching Forward in the War against the Islamic State"; "Thinking Dangerously - Imagining SOCOM [Special Operations Command] in the Post-CT [counterterrorism] World"; "Resistance Dynamics and Social Movement Theory"; and "The SOF [Special Operations Forces] Experience in the Philippines and the Implications for Future Defense Strategy". This edition also contains three book reviews and an interview.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2016
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 5, No.4)

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  "This edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: 'Colombia Back from the Brink: From Failed State to Exporter of Security' By Juan Carlos Pinzón; 'Alliance for Prosperity in the Northern Triangle: A Leap Towards Ensuring Regional Security' By Juan Orlando Hernández; 'Change and Adaptation: Changes in the Western Hemisphere and Beyond' By Vicente Fox; 'De-Militarizing Civilian Security in Mexico and the Northern Triangle' By Tom Malinowski and Charles O. Blaha; 'A Critical Juncture for Security and Human Rights' By Leana D. Bresnahan; 'Insecurity and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean' By Inés Bustillo and Halvia Velloso; 'United States policy in the Hemisphere: Influencing the State and Beyond' By Frank O. Mora and Brian Fonesca; 'After the Negotiations: How Reconstruction Teams Can Build a Stronger Peace in Colombia' By Agustin E. Dominguez; 'Russia in Latin America: A Strategic Analysis' By Douglas Farah and Liana Eustacia Reyes; 'Iranian and Hezbollah Operation in South America: Then and Now' By Matthew Levitt; 'Transnational Organized Crime: An Insidious Threat to US National Security Interests' By Renee Novakoff; 'Illicit Networks: Rethinking the Systemic Risk in Latin America' By Ivan Briscoe and Pamela Kalkman; 'The Rise of Militias in Mexico: Citizens' Security or Further Conflict Escalation?' By Vanda Felbab-Brown; 'The Evolving Transnational Crime-Terrorism Nexus in Peru and its Strategic Relevance for the U.S. and the Region' By R. Evan Ellis."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2015
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 5, No.3)

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  This edition of 'PRISM' contains the following articles: 'The Limits of Sovereignty: The Case of Mass Atrocity Crimes' by Gareth Evans; 'The Backlash Against Nation-Building' by Dominic Tierney; 'The Art of Strategy Creation for Complex Situations' by John Blaney; 'Golden Opportunities for Civilian Power' by Rick Barton; 'An Israeli Approach to Deterring Terrorism' by Mark Vinson; 'Reforming Myanmar's Military' by Erin Murphy, Matthew Turpin and Peter Kucik; 'The Advance of Radical Populist Doctrine in Latin America' by Douglas Farah; 'Colombia: A Political Economy of War to an Inclusive Peace' by David Kilcullen & Greg Mills;and, 'An Easier Service: Is DoD getting good value from humanitarian operations?' by Stephen G. Waller.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2015
• PRISM: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations (Volume 7, No. 2)

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  This edition of PRISM contains the following featured articles: "Cognitive-Emotional Conflict: Adversary Will and Social Resilience" by Linton Wells II; "How is NATO Meeting the Challenge of Cyberspace?" by Jamie Shea; "Power Projection in the Digital Age: the Only Winning Move is to Play" by Darren McDew; "Digital Dimension Disruption: A National Security Enterprise Response" by Charles Rybeck, Lanny Cornwell, and Phillip Sagan; "A Cyber Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: Achieving Enhanced National Security" by Dante Disparte; "Bridging the Cyberspace Gap: Washington and Silicon Valley" by Adam Segal; "Battlefield Geometry in our Digital Age: From Flash to Bang in 22 Milliseconds" by Robert Allardice and George Topic; "Cyber Gray Space Deterrence" by Richard Andres; "Cyberdeterrence by Engagement and Surprise" by Jim Chen; and "A Three-Perspective Theory of Cyber Sovereignty" by Hao Yeli.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  2017
• Building a Civilian Lessons Learned System

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  "In addition to the problems of building and maintaining an effective civilian presence in Afghanistan and Iraq is the matter of developing institutional knowledge in the civilian agencies-- what works and what does not work in the field. The task is all the more daunting because civilian agencies do not have a core mission to maintain expertise in stabilizing war-torn countries, particularly those experiencing major counterinsurgency and counterterrorist operations. Yet the Department of State, U.S. Agency for International Development, Departments of Agriculture, Justice, Commerce, Treasury, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Transportation, Energy, and other agencies have been sending personnel to Afghanistan, Iraq, and other fragile states for several years now. The agencies have relied on a combination of direct hires, temporary hires, and contractors, but nearly all of them have been plagued by relatively short tours and rapid turnarounds, making it difficult to establish enduring relationships on the ground and institutional knowledge in the agencies. The constant coming and going of personnel has led to the refrain heard more and more frequently that the United States has not been fighting the war in Afghanistan for 8 years, but rather for just 1 year, eight times in a row. The Center for Complex Operations (CCO) is establishing a civilian lessons learned program in an effort to address some of these issues. The object is to collect civilian lessons and best practices from the field and disseminate them to the agencies with personnel deployed and to senior civilian and military decisionmakers."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Civic, Melanne A.; Carreau, Bernard

  2010-03
• Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization

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  "Acceleration. Magnification. Diffusion. Entropy. Empowerment. The global environment and the international system are evolving at hypervelocity. A consensus is emerging among policymakers, scholars, and practitioners that recent sweeping developments in information technology, communication, transportation, demographics, and conflict are making global governance more challenging. Some argue these developments have transformed our international system, making it more vulnerable than ever to the predations of terrorists and criminals. Others argue that despite this significant evolution, organized crime, transnational terrorism, and nonstate networks have been endemic if unpleasant features of human society throughout history, that they represent nothing new, and that our traditional means of countering them--primarily conventional law enforcement--are adequate. Even among those who perceive substantial differences in the contemporary manifestations of these persistent maladies, they are viewed as major nuisances not adding up to a significant national or international security threat, much less an existential threat."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Miklaucic, Michael; Brewer, Jacqueline

  2013-04
• Complex Operations Lexicon

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  "The lexicon is arranged in three parts. In the first, terms and their definitions are listed alphabetically, with one or more definitions, with each definition immediately followed by its source in italics (the full citation for which can be found at the end of the lexicon). Notably, many terms are followed by more than one definition, reflecting the various usages of a term by military and civilian, government and non-government organizations. This is the heart of the lexicon, and its purpose--to list, in the same place, the variations that surround complex operations vocabulary and offer a source of common understanding. […] The second part offers many of the commonly used complex operations acronyms and initials and their full translation. Acronyms have become language of their own, especially in military circles. The most commonly used are contained in this section, chosen using the same criteria as that for terms and definitions. The last section provides the principle sources used to compile the lexicon. The list includes those specifically cited in the lexicon as well as those used as references and guidance. Military sources proved both readily available and comprehensive."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Moore, R. Scott

  2011-02
• PRISM: The Interviews 2016

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  "Over the years, 'PRISM' has had the privilege to interview some of the world's leading practitioners, policymakers, and scholars. This compilation of previously published interviews is intended to serve as a resource for those seeking insights from this exceptional collection of individuals. Collectively, its pages serve as a time capsule to remind us of the issues most pressing at different moments in our recent history, and demonstrate both the progress made as well as challenges that have endured throughout the years. The interviews cover a wide range of issues, including state-building, counterinsurgency, military overstretch, civilian-military cooperation, international collaboration--all issues which continue to resonate today. We hope that our readers enjoy this unique collection. It offers not only a valuable research resource, but a window into the minds of some of today's most respected and dynamic leaders." Interviews included in this collection are divided into chronological volumes: Volume 1 (2009-2010): Richard L. Armitage, Thomas S. Szayna, General Raymond T. Odierno, General Peter Pace, Hussain Haqqani, and Said Tayeb Jawad; Volume 2 (2010-2011): General Martin E. Dempsey, Jim Webb, General William E. Ward, General David Petraeus, and General Richard B. Meyers; Volume 3 (2011-2012): Donald Steinberg, Álvaro Uribe Velez, and J. Brian Atwood; Volume 4 (2012-2014): Richard N. Hass, Maria Otero, Dennis Blair, and General Mike Flynn; and Volume 5 (2014-2015): Admiral Samuel J. Locklear, Stephen Hadley, and General John Kelly.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Miklaucic, Michael; Page, Jacqueline

  2016
• Impunity: Countering Illicit Power in War and Transition

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  This book contains the following contributions: Foreword by H.R. McMaster; Introduction by Michael Miklaucic; "Part 1: Case Studies from Conflict" contains the following chapters: (1): "Criminal Patronage Networks and the Struggle to Rebuild the Afghan State" by Carl Forsberg and Tim Sullivan; (2): "Jaish al-Mahdi in Iraq" by Phil Williams and Dan Bisbee; (3): "Haiti: The Gants of Cité Soleil" by D.C. (David) Beer; (4): "Liberia: Durable Illicit Power Structures" by William Reno; (5) "Traffickers and Truckers: Illicit Afghan and Pakistani Power Structures with a Shadowy but Influential Role" by Gretchen Peters; (6): "Colombia and the FARC: From Military Victory to Ambivalent Political Reintegration?" by Carlos Ospina; (7): "The Philippines: The Moro Islamic Liberation Front - A Pragmatic Power Structure?" by Joseph Franco; (8): "Sierra Leone: The Revolutionary United Front" by Ismail Rashid; and (9): "Sri Lanka: State Response to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam as an Illicit Power Structure" by Thomas A. Marks and Tej Pratap Signh Brar; "Part 2: Confronting Illicit Power - Understanding Enablers, Ours and Theirs" contains the following chapters: (10): "It Takes a Thief to Catch a Thief: Illicit Power and the Intelligence Challenge" by Michelle Hughes; (11) "Weapons Trafficking and the Odessa Network: How One Small Think Tank was Able to Unpack One Very Big Problem, and the Lessons It Teaches Us" by David E. A. Johnson; (12): "Financial Tools and Sanctions: Following the Money and the Joumaa Web" by Robert ("J.R.") McBrien; and (13): "Recruitment and Radicalization: The Role of Social Media and New Technology" by Maeghin Alarid; "Part 3: Licit Transitions - Building Institutions and Strengthening Capacity for Success" contains the following chapters: (14): "Make it Matter: Ten Rules for Institutional Development that Works" by Mark Kroeker; (15): "The Hitchhikers Guide to Intelligence-Led Policing" by Clifford Aims; (16): "Security Sector Reconstruction in Post-Conflict: The Lessons from Timor-Leste" by Deniz Kocak; and (17): "A Granular Approach to Combating Corruption and Illicit Power Structures" by Scott N. Carlson; and the Conclusion "What Should We Have Learned by Now? Enduring Lessons from Thirty Years of Conflict and Transition" by Michele Hughes.

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations; Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute

  Hughes, Michelle A.; Miklaucic, Michael

  2016-05-24?
• Beyond Convergence: A World Without Order

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  "This book describes 'convergence' (the interactivity and hybridization of diverse illicit networks), the emergence of new networks and new domains or 'battlespaces,' and the threat illicit networks pose to national and international security. It examines dystopian visions of a world in which these trajectories go indenitely unimpeded, and concludes by discussing possible countermeasures to be explored."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Matfess, Hilary; Miklaucic, Michael

  2016-10
• Leading Healing in a Broken Unit

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  "What began as an orderly process to allow local civilians to pass through a crowded entry control point (ECP) ended when a lone man detonated explosives strapped to his body. The blast killed several marines and severely wounded nearly a dozen others. Military personnel had been processing civilians as usual that afternoon when the suicide bomber entered the checkpoint. Standing between the barriers, he raised his arms in preparation for a search when he triggered the explosive device. The blast radiated in front of him on the interior side of the ECP, causing harm to those in close range. Characteristic of his command style, the senior enlisted leader (SEL), Roger Selden, was working directly with his men at the ECP. Their mission was to secure a small but significant city in their area of operations (AO). At the checkpoint that day, he had noticed the nervous and agitated behavior of the apparent suicide bomber, and at the last moment he positioned himself in front of one of his men, shielding him from the blast. Selden's act preserved the lives of several of his men, but he was killed."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Taylor, Scott N.; Powley, Edward H.

  2010
• Penny for Your Thoughts, a Nickel for Your Heart: Buying Popular Support for Counterinsurgency

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  "In August 2008, construction on the Caravan Hotel in Baghdad International Airport's 'economic zone' was completed. The hotel features one hundred rooms and offers potential investors and other guests $255-a-night lodging in the heart of the zone dedicated toward improving the economic future of Iraq. The price tag: $4.2 million of the Commander's Emergency Response Program (CERP). The hotel opened to the public in September 2008 but was not officially turned over to Iraqi management until August 2009. [...] U.S. forces had attempted to turn the operation and maintenance of the hotel over to the Iraqis upon project completion, but as had been the case with numerous other reconstruction projects, the hotel was nearly closed after employees and locals discovered the riches of the spoils. U.S. forces quickly resumed control of the hotel and operated it for eleven months before once again entrusting it to Iraqi authorities. On August 19, 2009, upon the assumption of stricter control measures, the hotel was finally turned over to the Government of Iraq to maintain. The goal of building the hotel was to provide investors a place to stay near the proposed economic investment hub and to demonstrate to the Iraqi people the efforts the government was taking to promote economic development and prosperity. Actual results may have varied."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Gorkowski, Justin

  2010
• Road to Good Intentions: British Nation-Building in Aden

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  "The British colonial experience in Aden came to a swift end in November 1967, shortly after the events of the Aden mutiny, and with the complete dissolution of the federal government Britain had spent decades trying to create in South Arabia. After 130 years of colonial presence, and a concerted effort at 'nation-building' throughout the post-World War II era, the British strategy had failed. This case explores why the strategy failed and what lessons can be learned from the British experience for modern-day nation-building."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Smitson, Scott A.

  2010
• Disarmament in South Sudan

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  "While the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) [...] ostensibly ended the twenty-two-year Sudanese civil war in January 2005, as in many 'postconflict' states, one form of conflict has been replaced by another. The CPA established a progression of events for north-south conflict resolution, including a census and elections culminating in the 2011 referendum on southern independence. However, ethnic groups in the south often clash with each other in the absence of a common enemy to unite them and in a context still dominated by a warring mentality and rife with arms. Also, the South Sudanese state has had to rise out of the ashes of the civil war, beginning with almost nothing. The SPLA [Sudan People's Liberation Army] has worked to solidify its monopoly on the use of force, putting down unofficial armed groups that challenge its power where it can. Thus, south-south interethnic conflict and crime continue to threaten the population."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Brewer, Cecily

  2010
• Dynamic Tension: Security, Stability, and the Opium Trade

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  "Poppies were the first thing that British Army Captain Leo Docherty noticed when he arrived in Afghanistan's turbulent Helmand Province in April 2006. 'They were growing right outside the gate of our forward operating base,' he told me. Within two weeks of his deployment to the remote town of Sangin, he realized that 'poppy is the economic mainstay, and everyone is involved right up to the higher echelons of the local government.' Poppy, of course, is the plant from which opium and heroin are derived. Docherty was quick to realize that the military push into northern Helmand Province was going to run into serious trouble. The rumor was 'that we were there to eradicate the poppies,' he said. 'The Taliban are not stupid, and so they said, 'These guys are here to destroy your livelihood, so let's take up arms against them.' And it's been a downward spiral since then.'"

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Curry, Pete

  2010
• Military Provision of Humanitarian and Civic Assistance: A Day in the Life of a Civil Affairs Team in the Horn of Africa

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  "'It's the drug deal,' said Staff Sergeant Hicks. 'We can't buy them tools, only pieces directly used in the project. We can't leave anything behind once we finish. So we buy paint. A lot of paint,' he smirks. [...] Civil Affairs teams (CAT) like theirs have been sprinkled throughout the Horn of Africa since 2003, operating according to guidelines established by USCENTCOM (United States Central Command) and USAFRICOM (United States Africa Command) (beginning in 2008). [...] When he referred to paint, however, Hicks meant tools. According to Hicks, the local people do not have enough money to buy the tools necessary to execute or maintain the project, so the Civil Affairs teams buys equipment and supplies on the local economy and invoices the expenses as paint. But according to the regulations by which the Civil Affairs team delivers civic assistance, it cannot leave any durable goods other than the actual project behind, and therefore the tools are supposed to leave with the Americans. If he follows the system's rules, Hicks argues, the villagers will not be able to fix the water system when it breaks. So Hicks leaves behind the tools and submits an invoice that lists many liters of paint."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Piombo, Jessica

  2010
• Kuwait Task Force: Postconflict Planning and Interagency Coordination

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  "Immediately after the invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces on August 2, 1990, three U.S. Army Reserve Civil Affairs (CA) staff officers in Washington, DC, were concerned that operational plans might ignore key civil-military considerations. These Army Reserve officers had been involved in developing civil-affairs plans for Operation Just Cause in Panama the year before and had seen those plans scuttled--to the detriment of the operation--just prior to the execution of the mission. [...] A key civil-military issue had been framed by President George H.W. Bush, when he identified one of the four 'simple' goals driving U.S. participation as 'restoring Kuwait's legitimate government in place of a puppet regime.' However, they knew that accomplishing that goal would be anything but simple."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Barlow, Dennis

  2010
• Right and Wrong, Balanced on the Edge of a Spear: U.S. Forces at a Mosque in Baghdad

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  "The purpose of this case study is to provide a framework to understand the complex operational environment facing a U.S. advisor team and to empower you to ask the right questions that will help you achieve your goals as an advisor. This case is based on the experience of the author, who served as SHADOW 6 [battalion-level military transition team] commander during the raid. This case study will take students through the leadership challenges faced by an advisor team in Iraq. The discussions are intended to provide an understanding of local politics, including an appreciation for the expectations and needs of the people; to identify signs of corruption among host-nation partners; and to assess how military assets and resources can be used to improve the chances of operational success."

  National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations

  Potter, Joshua

  2010