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• Battle-Wise: Gaining Advantage in Networked Warfare

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  "From fighting terrorists to stabilizing a war-torn country to waging all-out combat, military campaigns are increasingly shaped by networks that enable dispersed and disparate forces to collaborate by sharing data. Along with the high-precision sensors and weapons they connect, networks are turning information power into military power. Defense investment priorities are shifting from mechanized platforms and weapons to the information collectors, processors, links and services that compose these networks. With its unmatched defense resources and technological talents, the United States has pioneered networked warfare. But the United States will have company--not all of it friendly. For example, China and Al Qaeda, using very different doctrines, are showing interest in tapping the power of information. Indeed, Al Qaeda and its franchised affiliates are displaying cunning and resourcefulness in putting this power to work with virtually no investment."

  National Defense University

  Lachow, Irving; Gompert, David C.; Perkins, Justin

  2005-01
• Untying Our Hands: Reconsidering Cyber as a Separate Instrument of National Power

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  From the thesis abstract: "Current cyber thought reflects a heavy military influence in the prevailing discussion of cyber war and cyber warfare. While acknowledging the military roots of the development of cyber and recognizing that developing cyber capabilities via military mechanisms offered initial advantages, the continued global expansion of and reliance upon digitized societies calls for an objective, unconstrained analysis and consideration of cyber independent of the military lens to promote comprehensive understanding of cyber power and afford the widest possible range of options to strategic decision makers. This thesis seeks to reframe the strategic discussion of U.S. cyber power. Specifically, this thesis proposes a new strategic approach to cyber by considering it as an instrument of national power separate and independent from the military instrument. This new strategic approach to cyber has conceptual, legal, and organizational implications. Conceptually, the argument for cyber builds on similar previous arguments for expanding the instruments of national power to include such national capabilities as law enforcement, financial, and intelligence. Legally, this approach requires the U.S. to change its position equating cyber aggression with armed attacks. Organizationally, this approach calls for the creation of a single, civilian-led cyber agency that combines and consolidates the cyber functions of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and some of the cyber capabilities resident within the Department of Defense. This thesis concludes that a new strategic approach to cyber would provide a wider range of strategic cyber options, including expanded cyber defense of civilian government infrastructure and more freedom of action for offensive cyber activity by avoiding limitations commensurate with the application of military force."

  National Defense University

  Priechenfried, Carl

  2017-03-31
• Department of Defense and Federal Emergency Management Agency Interface During Mobilization

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  "This paper investigates the existing and proposed interfaces between the Department of Defense and the Federal Emergency Management Agency during peacetime and periods of mobilization. Areas addressed include working relationships, transition plans, emergency authorities, prototype crisis and resource mobilization management structures and existing mobilization/preparedness documentation."

  National Defense University

  Eveland, G. Bruce; Howe, Michael B.; Sandwina, Ronald H.

  1983-04
• MRAPs, Irregular Warfare, and Pentagon Reform

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  "Mine resistant ambush protected (MRAP) vehicles offer an excellent case study for investigating the current debate over the Pentagon's approach to developing and fielding irregular warfare capabilities. MRAPs first gained prominence for their ability to protect U.S. forces from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and because the Pentagon did not deploy them en masse to Iraq until almost 5 years of fighting had passed. More recently, following extraordinary efforts to field more than 10,000 MRAPs quickly, the program has been criticized as wasteful and unnecessary. [...]. The controversial MRAPs raise two questions. First, does the MRAP experience support Secretary Gates' contention that the Pentagon is not sufficiently able to field irregular warfare capabilities? To resolve this issue, we have to determine whether MRAPs actually are a valid irregular warfare requirement, and if so, whether the Pentagon should have been better prepared to provide the kind of force protection armored vehicles like the MRAP provides. Second, what factors best explain the MRAP failure, whether that failure is determined to be the delayed fielding of MRAPs or the fact that they were fielded at all? More specifically, is the acquisition system to blame, as is commonly supposed? We conclude that MRAPs are a valid irregular warfare requirement and that the Pentagon should have been better prepared to field them, albeit not on the scale demanded by events in Iraq."

  National Defense University Press

  Schmidt, Matthew J.; Fitzsimmons, Berit G.

  2009-06
• Controlling Chaos: New Axial Strategic Principles

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  "This chapter's thesis is simply stated: Globalization is not only creating opportunities but also dangers if worrisome trends are not handled wisely. Whereas the great drama of the 20th century was democracy's struggle against totalitarianism, the defining issue of the early 21st century will be whether the democratic community can control chaotic strategic affairs in the vast, troubled regions outside its borders, which are not being made permanently peaceful by globalization. Although the democratic community is making progress within its borders, it will face the challenge of fostering greater strategic stability at key places outside them, not only to protect its own interests and values but also to help progress take hold there. This challenge of suppressing new-era dangers while promoting healthy trends will especially fall on the United States. As superpower leader of the democratic community, it will need to blend its security and economic policies together and to use its military power wisely, as well as to mobilize help from its allies and partners. These tasks do not promise to be easy. Performing them effectively could play a major role in determining whether the future produces growing tranquility, or instead goes up in smoke. The bottom line is that while globalization and other unfolding dynamics have the potential to elevate much of the world onto a higher plane of peace and prosperity, they also have the capacity to tear it apart in ways that produce a dark future. The challenge is to ensure that the former unfolds, not the latter."

  National Defense University

  2002
• National Security Policy Process: The National Security Council and Interagency System [Annual Update: November 24, 2008]

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  "This paper provides an annually updated report describing the national security decision-making process of the U.S. government. Although decisions affecting our security have been made since the nation's birth, the foundations of the current system were laid immediately following World War II. This paper briefly summarizes how the process has evolved since its creation under President Truman. It describes the current NSC organizational structure and processes, and defines the roles of the key departments and agencies, including that of the National Security Council staff. Readers should keep in mind that the processes described in this paper reflect, in general, the operation of the national security interagency system. However, at times, individuals and circumstances will produce idiosyncratic ways of doing business. Finally, the paper comments upon how the interagency process is incorporating new organizational structures associated with homeland defense and homeland security."

  National Defense University

  Whittaker, Alan G.; Smith, Frederick C.; McKune, Elizabeth

  2008-11-24
• Interagency Management of Complex Crisis Operations Handbook

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  "This handbook is intended to institutionalize the mechanisms for managing complex crises. While the following chapters focus mainly on interagency cooperation for complex foreign crises, these mechanisms may also be applied toward enhancing interagency efforts during domestic emergencies. These procedures were derived from After Action Review from past United States (U.S.) participation in complex foreign crises and subsequent improvements made in the interagency planning process. The handbook provides a guide for those in the interagency community who are or will be involved in planning such operations. There are five chapters in this handbook, followed by a series of appendices. Chapter 1 briefly discusses the historical background of the interagency coordination initiative and provides and introduction into the current system. Chapter 2 outlines the integrated interagency planning process that should take place in preparation for U.S. involvement in a complex crisis. Chapter 3 discusses the tools available to assist interagency planning for U.S. intervention, and Chapter 4 reviews strategic-level lessons derived from past operations. Chapter 5 concludes by highlighting the critical process of institutionalizing the process."

  National Defense University

  2003-01
• Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction: Looking Back, Looking Ahead

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  "Nearly 20 years have passed since the United States began worrying in earnest about the risks of regional weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation. Never have weapons so seldom used commanded such attention for so long. It is one of the more notable continuities across the post-Cold War administrations. Countering WMD: Looking Back, Looking Ahead, the seventh Occasional Paper of the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction at the National Defense University, examines the evolution of U.S. perceptions of the WMD threat and major responses to that threat from the Clinton administration to the first few months of the Obama administration. It also considers why our worst fears for WMD use and proliferation have not been realized and anticipates some of the major WMD challenges that lie ahead."

  National Defense University Press

  Carus, W. Seth; Caves, John P.; Bernstein, Paul I.

  2009-10
• Issues at a Glance

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  This webpage receives frequent updates. "Issues at a Glance is an alert service produced by the National Defense University Library. Our goal is to provide MERLN users with a snapshot view of critical defense and foreign policy topics from around the globe. Each Issue at a Glance provides a brief description of the issue as they unfold, with links to background information and U.S. policy responses."

  National Defense University
• Effects of Directed Energy Weapons

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  Effects of Directed Energy Weapons is an encyclopedic treatment of how Directed Energy Weapons work, how the energy of these weapons is propagated to the target, and how the weapon/beam-target interaction creates effects (damage) in the target. This is a technical exposition, written at the undergraduate physics and engineering level that could serve either as a text book or as a reference text for technical practitioners. The text addresses Kinetic Energy Weapons in addition to Lasers, Microwaves and Particle Beams.

  National Defense University

  Nielsen, Philip E.

  1994
• Interagency National Security Teams: Can Social Science Contribute?

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  "There is a consensus that many national security problems require interagency solutions.1 However, as veteran national security legislator Ike Skelton noted, the current national security system has trouble meeting this requirement: 'For many years, we've repeatedly heard from independent blue-ribbon panels and bipartisan commissions that when it comes to interagency collaboration on national security, our system is inefficient, ineffective, and often down-right broken.' Many of those same blue-ribbon panels and commissions have recommended interagency teams as a potential solution to interagency coordination problems. Recently, for example, the 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review Commission called for more 'interagency teams with capabilities to plan for and exercise, in an integrated way, departmental and agency responsibilities in predefined mission[s].' Historical descriptive accounts indicate interagency teams can indeed perform with great effectiveness, but recent research also suggests that interagency team effectiveness is not widespread, easily replicated, or well-understood. It would be easier to act upon the recommendations for more interagency teams if national security executives knew with greater certainty what factors and what conditions make these teams effective."

  National Defense University Press

  Orton, James Douglas

  2011-03
• Greater than the Sum of Its Parts: Putting the Inter into the Interagency

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  "Interagency is a made-up word that is reasonable as an adjective but only a fairy tale as a noun. That will not change until the executive branch of the Federal Government is dramatically reorganized in order to put the inter into the interagency. This reorganization must be done horizontally (to align worldwide departmental and agency regional areas of interest and to integrate regional responsibilities under true interagency leadership within regional interagency directorates) and vertically (to allow the President's senior leadership team to administer regional interagency directorates as true interagency efforts). Only then will executive branch departments and agencies move beyond merely coordinating individual disparate efforts, as they do in their current incarnation at best, to being greater than the sum of their parts, and intending and achieving truly integrated effects, with the kinds of dominant and persistent results necessary to advance U.S. interests in this volatile, interconnected 21st-century world."

  National Defense University Press

  Jorgensen, Eric A.

  2011-03
• Comprehensive Approach in Afghanistan

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  "Today, the Afghan people and the international community have an opportunity to secure large areas of terrain and population from the Taliban while simultaneously creating sufficient governance and security capacity in the Afghan government to enable them to take the lead in their own country. Above all, we can prevent the return of al Qaeda, the fundamental reason we are there. Training and operations to create this environment are ongoing and meeting with a steady level of success. Although the war is far from over, positive trends are developing that demonstrate this approach is working and that the international community and the Afghan people are heading in the right direction. The best way to combine their efforts is to improve on the current level of cooperation between security forces, other government activities, and the rest of the actors involved, which can be called the Comprehensive Approach, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) term for bringing together all the elements of effort--political, economic, cultural, military, and so on."

  National Defense University Press

  Stavridis, James

  2011-03
• Human Security in Complex Operations

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  "Complex operations take place in zones of insecurity. In these zones, ordinary people face a range of everyday risks and dangers. They risk being killed, tortured, kidnapped, robbed, raped, or displaced from their homes. They risk dying from hunger, lack of shelter, disease, or lack of access to health care. They are vulnerable to man-made and natural disasters--hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, or fires. These risks and dangers feed on each other. They are very difficult to eliminate; hence, the current preoccupation with 'persistent conflict' or 'forever wars.' These have a tendency to spread both to neighboring regions--growing zones of insecurity in places such as East Africa, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Middle East, or the Balkans--and, indeed, to the inner cities of the industrialized West. Yet our security forces, largely based on conventional military forces designed to meet a foreign attack, are unsuited to address these risks and dangers; indeed, the application of conventional military force can often make things worse--as we have learned painfully in Iraq and Afghanistan. Already, a range of private actors, security contractors, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), militia, warlords, and criminal gangs have rushed to fill the vacuum created by the failure of public institutions to provide security, contributing both to security and, more often than not, to greater insecurity."

  National Defense University Press

  Kaldor, Mary

  2011-03
• Ministerial Advisors: Developing Capacity for an Enduring Security Force

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  "The United States has spent billions to train and equip the Afghan security forces. As the transition to civilian-led reconstruction begins, effective and accountable security institutions are urgently needed to maintain operational and tactical gains. The Ministry of Defense Advisors (MoDA) program deploys senior DOD civilian specialists to advise officials in the Afghan government on critical issues including weapons auditing and logistics, legislative affairs, and food services. These are services essential to building enduring security institutions and strong civil-military partnerships. The MoDA program provides intensive predeployment training in cultural and mentoring skills and offers back-fill funds to advisors' home offices, helping ensure that the most qualified senior- and mid-level civilians are recruited for deployment."

  National Defense University Press

  Schear, James; Caldwell, William B.; Digiovanni, Frank C.

  2011-03
• Airpower in Counterinsurgency and Stability Operations

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  "In 2001, the U.S. military, aided by indigenous forces, swiftly toppled a Taliban government responsible for providing sanctuary to al Qaeda. In 2003, the Iraqi military disintegrated in the face of a devastating demonstration of American power that ended the regime of Saddam Hussein. America showcased its unique ability to project power over vast distances to achieve substantial results. Unfortunately, those initial victories were short-lived. As the security situations deteriorated in both Iraq and Afghanistan, the United States became engaged in longer term irregular conflicts. American and allied militaries struggled to adapt their doctrine, training, and technology to counter an elusive foe. While ground forces relearned and incorporated counterinsurgency (COIN) lessons, Airmen explored how airpower's flexibility, responsiveness, and bird's-eye view of the battlefield could respond to those lessons. This reexamination of airpower revealed several enduring principles. Most important is that Airmen must gain airspace control, so the full advantages of rapid mobility, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), and precision strike are available to the commander. At higher altitudes, the adversary generally ceded control, but at lower altitudes, control could be contested. By controlling the air and space over Iraq and Afghanistan, the air component was able to transport thousands of personnel, drop supplies to isolated units, evacuate wounded, gather real-time intelligence, and conduct precision strikes to disrupt and destroy insurgent forces. In addition, air and space control allows Airmen to conduct train, advise, assist, and equip missions for indigenous air forces and to strengthen civil aviation infrastructures necessary for national sovereignty and economic growth. These lessons have been a staple of airpower employment since its inception, and they remain relevant today and in the future."

  National Defense University Press

  Schwartz, Norton A.

  2011-03
• Enhancing U.S. Support for UN Peacekeeping

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  "As the United States establishes its strategic priorities to enhance national security, support for peacekeeping is increasingly important. Particularly following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the Pentagon has viewed failed states (also referred to as 'undergoverned' or 'ungoverned spaces') as a threat to U.S. national security. President Barack Obama's restoration of the Cabinet status of his Ambassador to the United Nations (UN), Susan Rice, reflects the administration's recognition of the overall importance of the UN, including its key role in peacekeeping. Over the last 4 years, the Center for Technology and National Security Policy and, since 2008, the Center for Complex Operations at the National Defense University have hosted a unique series of offsite informal discussions designed to facilitate open and frank discussions of what more the United States might do to support burgeoning UN peacekeeping activities. In five sessions, these offthe- record, informal discussions occurred between the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO) and Department of Defense (DOD).1 The Department of Field Support (DFS) was added following its creation in 2007, and the State Department began participating at a senior level in 2009. This series was conceived by Hans Binnendijk, director of the Institute for National Security Studies at the National Defense University, and led by Dr. Binnendijk and me. Ambassador James Dobbins, director of the RAND International Security and Defense Policy Center, has served as session moderator."

  National Defense University Press

  Soderberg, Nancy

  2011-03
• Nation-building Interventions and National Security: An Australian Perspective

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  "In their compelling book Fixing Failed States, Ashraf Ghani and Clare Lockhart offer a sobering prognosis for global stability and human security. They assert that '[f]orty to sixty states, home to nearly two billion people, are either sliding backward and teetering on the brink of implosion, or have already collapsed.' This reality has profound implications for the future of foreign interventions for the purpose of nation-building. What might this entail for Australia? And what is involved in nation-building in failed or failing states? According to Ghani and Lockhart, the situation 'is at the heart of a worldwide systemic crisis that constitutes the most serious challenge to global stability in the new millennium.'"

  National Defense University Press

  Smith, Michael G.; Shrimpton, Rebecca

  2011-03
• Metrics for the Haiti Stabilization Initiative

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  "The Haiti Stabilization Initiative (HSI) was an innovative interagency program prototype designed to secure and stabilize the highly volatile urban slum of Cité Soleil. Between 2007 and 2010, HSI successfully tested a sophisticated Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) program using a variant of the Department of Defense supported system Measuring Progress in Conflict Environment (MPICE). Through MPICE, HSI and its analysis partner Logos analyzed outcomes and impacts within key sectors. The analysis revealed that one needs a clear 'theory of change.' However, many stabilization or counterinsurgency programs do not evaluate themselves. They lack a provable hypothesis, and proving causality of change based on program efforts remains a challenge. Furthermore, it is critical to measure the achievement of 'outcomes' within and across sectors, not just mechanical 'outputs' of programs. It is also necessary to triangulate data and overlap sources. Toward that end, perception-based data (surveys, focus groups, expert elicitations sessions) and objective data (MINUSTAH statistics, crime reports) provided for a rich form of 'triangulation' analysis."

  National Defense University Press

  Becker, David C.; Grossman-Vermaas, Robert

  2011-03
• Rethinking the Fundamentals of State-building

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  "Plans for state-building or stabilization missions should take account of the political nature of the state that is being built. A state is a political system that puts some people into positions of power and induces the rest of the nation to accept their authority. The feasibility and cost of a state-building mission can depend critically on the way that the state distributes power. In particular, when foreign forces help to defend the authority of a state, its national leaders have more incentive to centralize political power narrowly around themselves. But such centralization can alienate key local leaders and so can substantially increase the need for costly foreign efforts to maintain the state. Planners for state-building missions need an analytical framework for recognizing the vital importance of such questions about the constitutional distribution of power. For a framework to be broadly applicable in different countries, it should be derived from a general analysis of incentives in political organizations, not from a projection of some idealized view of our own political system. This article develops such a framework."

  National Defense University Press

  Myerson, Roger B.

  2011-03
• Joint Force Quarterly: Spring 1998, Issue 18 [June 1998]

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  "NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."

  National Defense University Press

  Reichart, John F.

  1998-06
• Partnership for the Americas: Western Hemisphere Strategy and U.S. Southern Command

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  "Since its creation in 1963, United States Southern Command has been led by 30 senior officers representing all four of the armed forces. None has undertaken his leadership responsibilities with the cultural sensitivity and creativity demonstrated by Admiral Jim Stavridis during his tenure in command. Breaking with tradition, Admiral Stavridis discarded the customary military model as he organized the Southern Command Headquarters. In its place he created an organization designed not to subdue adversaries, but instead to build durable and enduring partnerships with friends. His observation that it is the business of Southern Command to launch 'ideas not missiles' into the command's area of responsibility gained strategic resonance throughout the Caribbean and Central and South America, and at the highest levels in Washington, DC. Pursuing his vision for the Americas with limited resources, Admiral Stavridis made the most of every ship, airplane, Soldier, Sailor, Airman, Marine, and Coastguardsman committed to the region, employing each on constructive missions designed to create goodwill and mutual respect."

  National Defense University Press

  Starvridis, James G.

  2010-11
• Nonstate Security Threats in Africa: Challenges for U.S. Engagement

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  "This article provides an overview of Africa's irregular, nonstate threats, followed by an analysis of their strategic implications for regional peace and stability, as well as the national security interests of the United States. After reviewing the elements of the emerging international consensus on how best to address these threats, the conclusion highlights a number of new and innovative tools that can be used to build political will on the continent to confront these security challenges. This article is intended as a background analysis for those who are new to the African continent, as well as a source of detailed information on emerging threats that receive too little public or policy-level attention."

  National Defense University Press

  Le Sage, Andre

  2010-12
• Post- 9/11 Stability Operations: How U.S. Army Doctrine Is Shaping National Security Strategy

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  "It was only a matter of time before the elevated language of post-9/11 security discourse, and the phrase the global war on terrorism itself, was bound to reap both practical applications and studied reversals. Without the lessons of Iraq and Afghanistan and each country's challenging reconstruction projects, one might expect idealist solutions to this historical juncture. Only 8 short years ago, the 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States (NSS 2002) offered just that, the virtues of pressing for freedom and democracy against a new breed of post--Cold War threats. In now memorable language, the policy document linked 'the great struggles' of the 20th century 'between liberty and totalitarianism' to a 'single sustainable model for national success: freedom, democracy, and free enterprise, displaying the 'black and white' worldview of unchallenged power, NSS 2002 grouped 21st-century nations together that 'share a commitment to protecting basic human rights and guaranteeing political and economic freedom,' arguing that these values would 'assure their future prosperity.' Such values, it noted, are 'right and true for every person' in 'every society,' and, in turn, 'the duty of protecting' them 'against their enemies' is the 'common calling of freedom-loving people across the globe and across the ages'--a role spearheaded by the United States insofar as it enjoyed 'unparalleled military strength and great economic and political influence.'"

  National Defense University Press

  Armstrong, Nicholas J.; Zoli, Corri

  2010-12
• Thucydides' Other 'Traps': The United States, China, and the Prospect of 'Inevitable' War

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  From the Introduction: "The notion of a 'Thucydides Trap' that will ensnare China and the United States in a 21st-century conflict--much as the rising power of Athens alarmed Sparta and made war 'inevitable' between the Aegean superpowers of the 5th century BCE [before the common era]--has received global attention since entering the international relations lexicon 6 years ago. Scholars, journalists, bloggers, and politicians in many countries, notably China, have embraced this beguiling metaphor, coined by Harvard political science professor Graham Allison, as a framework for examining the likelihood of a Sino-American war. As Allison summarizes the concept, 'When a rising power threatens to displace a ruling power, alarm bells should sound, extreme danger ahead. This is a big insight earned for us by Thucydides. And Thucydides said, famously, it was the rise of Athens and the fear that this instilled in Sparta that made war inevitable. This was the war between Athens and Sparta that basically destroyed classical Greece'."

  National Defense University Press

  Misenheimer, Alan Greeley

  2019-06
• MERLN: Military Education Research Library Network [website]

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  "MERLN (the Military Education Research Library Network) is a comprehensive website devoted to international military education outreach. It represents a consortium of military education research libraries that work together to provide access to a variety of unique electronic resources for the use of researchers and scholars. MERLN's extensive electronic resources include the following: (1) Military Policy Awareness Links (MiPALs), which provide access to current U.S. Government policy statements on selected key topics, accompanied by additional resources that analyze the topic; (2) Digital collections of full-text papers, lectures, and legislation; (3) Links to worldwide military library catalogs; (4) Links to military journals and publications; and (5) Access (password controlled) to full text ejournals and reference tools."

  National Defense University
• Essays on Strategy III: Selections from the 1985 Joint Chiefs of Staff Essay Competition

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  "In 1982, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff sponsored the first JCS Strategy Essay Competition, challenging students at our Senior Service Schools to write innovatively about issues of national security. The students met the challenge well, and have continued to do so in each year's competition, examining old problems from new perspectives, raising new questions, proffering solutions. This book contains four essays that won recognition in the 1985 competition." The essays are: "International Terrorism and US Diplomacy: Putting the Genie Back Into the Bottle" by Lawrence P. Taylor; "Soviet Military Policy: Subject of Political-Military Infighting?" By Voy J. Nicholson and Charles T. Robertson, Jr.; "The New Soviet Aircraft Carrier: Implications for the United States: by D. A. Richwine; and "Operational Art in the US Army: New Vigor" by L. D. Holder."

  National Defense University

  1986-01
• Death on the Border: A Case Study in Process and Policy

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  "A study of the players involved in the killing of Ezequiel Hernandez Jr. near Redford, Texas and the roles they played in the process is valuable for anyone who would participate in the development of national security policy. The potential for an improved policy for military support to domestic counter drug activities is greater now that the issue is off the skyline. For that improvement to be realized, the problems exposed by the Redford shooting need to be addressed. It seems reasonable that military personnel involved in these activities should continue to be subject to the UCMJ, but should not be Subject to criminal or civil prosecution by the States. The services must understand that no other agency or organization are as Interested or have as much at stake in this aspect of the policy. Military personnel must be protected from criminal prosecution by the states while they are in the performance of their duties. If this Issue cannot be resolved, the days of military support to domestic law enforcement agencies are numbered."

  National Defense University

  Lukeman, James W.

  1998-12-14
• U.S. Intelligence: Compliance with the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and the 9/11 Commission Report Recommendations

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  "Cultural bias in the Intelligence Community (IC) continues to interfere with meeting the mandated requirements of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and the recommendation of the 9/11 Commission Report due to continued 'stovepipe' operations. By the nature of IC's design it is secretive and operates behind the scenes. True intelligence reform entails opening this closed society to organizations that do not routinely interact with the IC. This aspect alone is a sharp deviation from the normal intelligence modus operandi that will have to shift from the current need to know mentality toward a need to share collaborative environment. The IC community is transforming in stride while simultaneously supporting the Global War on Terrorism. The establishment of the first Director of National Intelligence is a progressive step toward unifying the 16 organizations under one centralized management authority. The DNI must quickly establish and publish common tactics, techniques and procedures that will unite the IC's efforts in a collaborative work environment. Predictive analysis will enable the civilian leadership and military warfighters to formulate viable courses of action based on the fidelity of the intelligence collected as prioritized by the National Security Strategy. Change in the intelligence community will take time, but strong leadership coupled with clear guidance from the DNI will focus this diverse community and continue to push reform and transformation initiatives forward to build a strong, integrated coalition of intelligence professionals prepared to address an ambiguous global threat."

  National Defense University

  Harris, Cheryl A.

  2006-05-26
• European Solution to Islamic Extremism in Western Europe

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  "This thesis proposes a European solution to the Islamic extremism threat in Western Europe. Disenfranchised Muslim youth are becoming radicalized across Western Europe as a result of not being accepted into Western European society. Serious growing unrest, coupled with travel freedom within and from Europe, presents a threat to Western Europe and to the United States. Various political and military organizations in Western Europe are attempting to address the problem of domestic Islamic extremism, but political realities and laws hinder their efforts. Western Europe needs a single integrated counterterrorism organization to combat Islamic extremism. This thesis proposes such an organization with a single head, subject to oversight by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's North Atlantic Council. This proposed organization, sufficiently empowered and supported, will make Europe safer and therefore greatly increase the security of the United States."

  National Defense University

  Garrant, Edward C.

  2006-04-14