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FY2021 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability [Updated February 13, 2020]
From the Summary: "Every year the President submits a series of volumes to Congress containing the President's proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. The President's submission is required on or after the first Monday in January, but no later than the first Monday in February (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)). This year the President released the budget submission on February 10, 2020. This report provides brief descriptions of the FY2021 budget volumes and related documents, together with internet addresses, Government Publishing Office (GPO) stock numbers, and prices for obtaining print copies of these publications. It also explains how to find the locations of government depository libraries, which can provide both printed copies for reference use and internet access to the online versions. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2020-02-13
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FY2021 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability [Updated March 10, 2020]
From the Summary: "Every year the President submits a series of volumes to Congress containing the President's proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. The President's submission is required on or after the first Monday in January, but no later than the first Monday in February (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)). This year the President released the budget submission on February 10, 2020. This report provides brief descriptions of the FY2021 budget volumes and related documents, together with internet addresses, Government Publishing Office (GPO) stock numbers, and prices for obtaining print copies of these publications. It also explains how to find the locations of government depository libraries, which can provide both printed copies for reference use and internet access to the online versions. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2020-03-10
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [November 06, 2017]
"Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, 57 measures adjusting or suspending the statutory debt limit either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters have been enacted into law. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2017-11-06
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [March 30, 2017]
From the Summary: "Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, Congress has passed, and the President has signed into law, 56 measures adjusting the statutory debt limit either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2017-03-30
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [Updated August 9, 2019]
From the Summary: "Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, 59 measures adjusting or suspending the statutory debt limit either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters have been enacted into law. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2019-08-09
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [November 7, 2013]
"Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, Congress has passed, and the President has signed into law, 54 measures adjusting the statutory debt limit either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit. This report will be updated as events warrant." Tables (1-3) contain supporting data regarding the debt limit.
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2013-11-07
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [August 9, 2011]
"Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, the statutory federal debt limit has been changed 52 times by Congress through the enactment of legislation adjusting the federal debt limit, either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2011-08-09
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [February 1, 2012]
"Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, the statutory federal debt limit has been changed 52 times by Congress through the enactment of legislation adjusting the federal debt limit, either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2012-02-01
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [May 10, 2011]
"Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, the statutory federal debt limit has been changed 51 times by Congress through the enactment of legislation adjusting the federal debt limit, either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2011-05-10
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Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present [February 15, 2013]
"Almost all borrowing by the federal government is conducted by the Treasury Department, within the restrictions established by a single, statutory limit (ceiling) on the total amount of debt that may be outstanding at any time. By law, the Treasury cannot exceed federal debt limits, so the Treasury periodically has had to ask Congress to enact new debt limits so it can fulfill its financial commitments. Since 1978, the statutory federal debt limit has been changed 53 times by Congress through the enactment of legislation adjusting the federal debt limit, either as stand-alone legislation or as part of legislation dealing with other matters. This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2013-02-15
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Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills [Updated March 21, 2019]
From the Document: "This report is intended as a resource to guide individuals seeking to identify the major source of appropriations for selected federal agencies and programs. The report was generated using materials published by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. Please note that the report is not a definitive or comprehensive listing of all federal agencies, programs, projects, or activities that appear in annual appropriations measures from year to year."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2019-03-21
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Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices [Updated April 19, 2019]
From the Summary: "The program activities of most federal agencies are generally funded on an annual basis through the enactment of 'regular appropriations acts'. When those annual appropriations acts are not enacted by the beginning of the fiscal year (i.e., by October 1), one or more continuing appropriations acts (commonly known as 'continuing resolutions' or CRs) may be enacted to provide temporary funding to continue certain programs and activities until action on the regular appropriations acts is completed. [...] This report provides detailed information on CRs beginning with FY1977, which was the first fiscal year that began on October 1. Congress has enacted one or more CRs in all but three of the last 43 fiscal years (FY1977-FY2019). In addition, in 10 of the last 18 fiscal years, the initial CR--and in some years subsequent CRs--provided continuing appropriations for all the regular appropriations acts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Saturno, James; Lynch, Megan Suzanne; Heniff, Bill . . .
2019-04-19
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Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data FY1989 to FY2005 [January 9, 2006]
"This report provides summary information on emergency supplemental appropriations enacted after major disasters since 1989. More recently, Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the Gulf Coast of the United States on August 29, 2005, as a Category 3 hurricane after passing over South Florida as a Category 1 hurricane on August 25, 2005. In response, on September 2, 2005, President Bush signed into law a $10.5 billion supplemental appropriations measure, P.L. 109-61, which provided disaster assistance funds for the affected areas. On September 9, 2005, the President signed into law a second supplemental measure totaling $51.8 billion in appropriations, P.L. 109-62. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) administers most of these funds."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2006-01-09
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [April 8, 2011]
"When federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority, they experience a 'funding gap.' Under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. § 1341 et seq.), they must cease operations, except in certain circumstances. When there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities, the situation is often referred to as a government shutdown. In the past, there have occasionally been government shutdowns, the longest of which lasted 21 days, from December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996. This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns. The report also includes links to full-text documents when available. There is limited information and guidance related to shutdowns, and it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of one, but information about past events may help inform future deliberations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin; Nagel, Jared C.
2011-04-08
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [November 17, 2014]
"When federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority after the expiration of either full-year or interim appropriations, they experience a 'funding gap.' Under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. [United States Code] §1341 et seq.), they must cease operations, except in certain circumstances when continued activities are authorized by law. When there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities, the situation is often referred to as a government shutdown. In the past, there have occasionally been funding gaps that led to government shutdowns, the longest of which lasted 21 full days, from December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996. The most recent shutdown occurred at the beginning of FY2014. The shutdown began October 1, 2013, and lasted for a total of 16 full days. The relevant laws that govern shutdowns have remained relatively constant in recent decades. However, agencies and officials may exercise some discretion in how they interpret the laws, and circumstances that confront agencies and officials may differ over time. Consequently, it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of some future shutdown. Still, information about past events may offer some insight into possible outcomes and help inform future deliberations. This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns. Sources for these documents and resources include the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Government Accountability Office (GAO), House and Senate Committees, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Personnel Management (OPM), and Executive Office of the President. When possible, the report includes links to full text documents."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin
2014-11-17
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [August 18, 2014]
"When federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority after the expiration of either full-year or interim appropriations, they experience a 'funding gap.' Under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. §1341 et seq.), they must cease operations, except in certain circumstances when continued activities are authorized by law. When there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities, the situation is often referred to as a government shutdown. In the past, there have occasionally been funding gaps that led to government shutdowns, the longest of which lasted 21 full days, from December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996. The most recent shutdown occurred at the beginning of FY2014, starting on October 1, 2013, and lasted for a total of 16 full days. The relevant laws that govern shutdowns have remained relatively constant in recent decades. However, agencies and officials may exercise some discretion in how they interpret the laws, and circumstances that confront agencies and officials may differ over time. Consequently, it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of some future shutdown. Still, information about past events may offer some insight into possible outcomes and help inform future deliberations. This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns. Sources for these documents and resources include the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Government Accountability Office (GAO), House and Senate Committees, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Personnel Management (OPM), and Executive Office of the President. When possible, the report includes links to fulltext documents."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin
2014-08-18
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [September 29, 2015]
"When federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority after the expiration of either full-year or interim appropriations, they experience a 'funding gap.' Under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. §§1341 et seq.), they must cease operations, except in certain circumstances when continued activities are authorized by law. When there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities, the situation is often referred to as a government shutdown. In the past, there have occasionally been funding gaps that led to government shutdowns, the longest of which lasted 21 full days, from December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996. The most recent shutdown occurred at the beginning of FY2014. The shutdown began October 1, 2013, and lasted for a total of 16 full days. […] This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns. Sources for these documents and resources include the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Government Accountability Office (GAO), House and Senate Committees, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Personnel Management (OPM), and Executive Office of the President. When possible, the report includes links to full-text documents."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin
2015-09-29
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [November 25, 2013]
"When federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority after the expiration of either full-year or interim appropriations, they experience a 'funding gap.' Under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. § 1341 et seq.), they must cease operations, except in certain circumstances when continued activities are authorized by law. When there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities, the situation is often referred to as a government shutdown. In the past, there have occasionally been funding gaps that led to government shutdowns, the longest of which lasted 21 full days, from December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996. The most recent shutdown occurred at the beginning of FY2014, starting on October 1, 2013, and lasted for a total of 16 full days. The relevant laws that govern shutdowns have remained relatively constant in recent decades. However, agencies and officials may exercise some discretion in how they interpret the laws, and circumstances that confront agencies and officials may differ over time. Consequently, it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of some future shutdown. Still, information about past events may offer some insight into possible outcomes and help inform future deliberations. This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns. Sources for these documents and resources include the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Government Accountability Office (GAO), House and Senate Committees, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Personnel Management (OPM), and Executive Office of the President. When possible, the report includes links to full-text documents."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin
2013-11-25
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [Updated February 7, 2019]
"This report provides historical documents and other resources related to past government shutdowns, along with brief annotations that describe the contents of the documents. The report includes links to full-text documents when available. There is limited information and guidance related to shutdowns, and it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of one, but information about past events may help inform future deliberations. The following annotated resources are meant to guide readers to relevant materials from governmental and selected nongovernmental sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin
2019-02-07
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [Updated August 24, 2017]
From the "Summary" portion of the document: "This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns. Sources for these documents and resources include the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Government Accountability Office (GAO), House and Senate Committees, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Personnel Management (OPM), and Executive Office of the President. When possible, the report includes links to full-text documents. For more information about federal government shutdowns and funding gaps, see CRS Report RL34680, 'Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects', coordinated by Clinton T. Brass. This report will be updated as additional resources are identified."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin
2017-08-24
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Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [Updated January 18, 2019]
"The relevant laws that govern shutdowns have remained relatively constant in recent decades. However, agencies and officials may exercise some discretion in how they interpret the laws, and circumstances that confront agencies and officials may differ over time. Consequently, it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of some future shutdown. Still, information about past events may offer some insight into possible outcomes and help inform future deliberations. This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nagel, Jared C.; Murray, Justin
2019-01-18
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Larger Businesses and COVID-19: Financial Relief and Assistance Resources [Updated May 4, 2020]
From the Document: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected resources and CRS products potentially relevant to medium and large businesses directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic seeking economic relief and assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jennings, Julie; Murray, Justin
2020-05-04
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Larger Businesses and COVID-19: Financial Relief and Assistance Resources [Updated June 5, 2020]
From the Document: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected resources and CRS products potentially relevant to medium and large businesses directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic seeking economic relief and assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jennings, Julie; Murray, Justin
2020-06-05
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Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices [November 5, 2020]
From the Summary: "The program activities of most federal agencies are generally funded on an annual basis through the enactment of 'regular appropriations acts'. When those annual appropriations acts are not enacted by the beginning of the fiscal year (i.e., by October 1), one or more continuing appropriations acts (commonly known as 'continuing resolutions' or CRs) may be enacted to provide temporary funding to continue certain programs and activities until action on the regular appropriations acts is completed. [...] This report provides detailed information on CRs beginning with FY1977, which was the first fiscal year that began on October 1. Congress has enacted one or more CRs in all but three of the last 44 fiscal years (FY1977- FY2020). In addition, in 11 of the last 19 fiscal years, the initial CR--and in some years subsequent CRs-- provided continuing appropriations for all the regular appropriations acts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McNellis, Kevin P.; Saturno, James; Heniff, Bill . . .
2020-11-05
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CRS Resources on the FY2014 Funding Gap, Shutdown, and Status of Appropriations [May 12, 2014]
From the Document: "When federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority, they experience a 'funding gap' (sometimes referred to as funding lapses). Under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. §1341 et seq.), they must cease operations, except in certain circumstances. When there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities, the situation is often referred to as a government shutdown. This report provides an annotated list of Congressional Research Service (CRS) resources and analyses relevant to [1] the funding gap that commenced on October 1, 2013, and terminated on October 17, 2013, with the enactment of P.L. 113-46, a continuing appropriations measure providing appropriations through January 15, 2014; [2] historical funding gaps; and [3] continuing appropriations measures. On the subject of government shutdowns, congressional staff who wish to contact CRS experts should refer to CRS Report R41723, 'Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts.' Status information on pending regular appropriations and continuing appropriations measures and links to related CRS analytical products is available via the FY2014 CRS Status Table of Appropriations at http://www.crs.gov/Pages/AppropriationsStatusTable.aspx. Information on FY2014 Continuing Resolution measures is available by clicking on the 'Continuing Resolutions' tab in the table."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2014-05-12
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Selected Agency Budget Justifications for FY2015 [April 18, 2014]
"This report provides a convenient listing of online FY2015 agency budget justification submissions for all 15 executive branch departments and 9 selected independent agencies. In most cases, budget justifications contain more detailed descriptions of the proposals and programs that are provided in the President's budget submissions. This report will be updated to reflect the current budget justifications submissions for the forthcoming fiscal year."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2014-04-18
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Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data and Analysis [October 1, 2014]
"The federal government has provided a significant amount of money through supplemental appropriations to state, local, and tribal governments to help them repair, rebuild, and recover from catastrophic incidents. For example, Congress provided roughly $120 billion for the 2005 and 2008 Gulf Coast hurricane seasons and $50 billion for Hurricane Sandy recovery. Congressional interest in disaster assistance has always been high given the associated costs. Additional issues associated with disaster assistance have been contentious. These issues include: (1) increasing disagreements over the appropriate role of the federal government in providing assistance including whether some of the federal burden for disaster assistance should be shifted to states and localities; (2) the appropriate use of supplemental appropriations to pay for disaster relief; (3) reducing federal costs by eliminating unrelated spending in disaster funding bills; (4) creating alternative funding methods such as a rainy-day fund or a contingency fund; (5) the use of offsets for disaster assistance; (6) altering policies that would limit the number of declarations issued each year; and (7) converting some or all disaster assistance to disaster loans. This report provides summary information on supplemental appropriations legislation enacted since FY2000 after significant large-scale disasters. It includes funds appropriated to various departments and agencies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Murray, Justin
2014-10-01
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In Brief: CRS Resources on the FY2014 Funding Gap, Shutdown, and Status of Appropriations [October 23, 2013]
"When federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority, they experience a 'funding gap' (sometimes referred to as funding lapses). Under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. § 1341 et seq.), they must cease operations, except in certain circumstances. When there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities, the situation is often referred to as a government shutdown. This report provides an annotated list of Congressional Research Service (CRS) resources and analyses relevant to (1) the funding gap that commenced on October 1, 2013, and terminated on October 17, 2013, with the enactment of P.L. 113-46, a continuing appropriations measure providing appropriations through January 15, 2014; (2) historical funding gaps; and (3) continuing appropriations measures."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2013-10-23
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Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills [February 27, 2015]
From the Document: "The major source of appropriated funds for each of the following federal agencies or programs is identified in Table 1. The Appendix provides a listing of House and Senate Appropriations subcommittees. This report, generated from House and Senate Appropriations Committee published materials, is intended as a resource to guide individuals seeking to verify sources of appropriations for selected federal agencies and programs. It is not a definitive or comprehensive listing of all federal agencies, programs, projects, or activities that appear in annual appropriations measures from year to year."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin
2015-02-27
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Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt [March 17, 2009]
"This report presents current data on estimated ownership of United States Treasury securities and major holders of federal debt by country. Federal debt represents the accumulated balance of borrowing by the federal government. To finance federal borrowing, U.S. Treasury securities are sold to investors. Treasury securities may be purchased directly from the Treasury or on the secondary market by individual private investors, financial institutions in the United States or overseas, and foreign, state, or local governments. Foreign investment in federal debt has grown in recent years, prompting questions on the location of the foreign holders and how much debt they hold."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin; Labonte, Marc
2009-03-17
