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Logisticians are Tacticians Too: Bridging the Doctrinal Gap in Urban CSS Operations
"Ongoing counterinsurgency operations, as well as recent humanitarian assistance/disaster relief (HA/DR) operations, highlight the inherent need for Marine Corps' logisticians to be flexible, adaptive, and innovative in the execution of their diverse and challenging duties. On the 21st Century battlefield, combat service support elements (CSSE) will resupply refugees while protecting supplies from war-lords during humanitarian relief operations, re-supply natural disaster victims during domestic and foreign disaster relief operations, and sustain fellow Marines fighting in 'any clime and place' in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). Given the nature of these operations, the enemy will often choose the clime and place to disrupt friendly forces. Consequently, the common trend in each of these scenarios is the requirement to conduct urban operations and the implied task of urban sustainment. Unfortunately, the majority of today's CSSEs are not adequately trained in urban combat service support (CSS) procedures because there is no standard/approved set of established tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) for this mission, and existing urban training exercises do not adequately focus on sustainment techniques."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Stover, J. R.
2005-01
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Modern Amphibious Operations: Why the United States Must Maintain a Joint Amphibious Forcible Entry Capability
"Joint amphibious operations with forcible entry capability are one solution to modern access challenges and the nebulous future threats faced by the US as it ends over decade of counterinsurgency. Matching the requirements of the national strategies with potential future threats, amphibious operations represent an answer to the complex future security environment. These forces must be fully integrated as a US Joint Force. This paper is not a plea for US Marine Corps relevance. Rather, it explains in a holistic manner, why the joint force is required to accomplish this important mission. One such focus is the Marine's reliance on the US Navy and the acknowledgement that their current relationship needs work if the two services are to execute the forcible entry amphibious mission. Attempting to minimize parochialism, this paper details why and how the joint force should use its resources to accomplish amphibious joint forcible entry."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Meyer, Samuel L.
2012-03-23
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Isolating the Terrorists: The Abu Sayyaf Group Case Study
From the thesis abstract: "The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is currently addressing three major threats to national security. These threats are the New People's Army, which is the armed instrument of the Communist Party of the Philippines, the Southern Philippines secessionist Mora Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), and the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) that has links to the Jemaah lslamiya and AI Qaeda."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Larida, Jimmy D.
2011-02-23
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Marine Corps Role in Supporting Domestic Operations: The Case for Expanding Marine Corps Involvement Civil Support Operations
From the thesis abstract: "The establishment of new government organizations and a reprioritization of existing agencies have been at the forefront of the federal government's efforts to address the post 9-11 challenges to homeland security. However, the complexity of these challenges presents a risk potentially beyond the scope or capabilities of the law enforcement community. Upon reviewing the various mission types and capabilities required by civil authorities, it is clear that the Marine Corps maintains the capability and legal authority to source significant assets which can be allocated to satisfy domestic homeland security requirements. The Marine Corps, working through USNORTHCOM, can look at the gaps in the civil capabilities as an opportunity to exercise and improve its warfighting capability across a variety of skill areas. With an expanded role in supporting domestic operations the Marine Corps will not only be helping to provide for the nation's Homeland Defense, it will be optimizing its training opportunities, developing stronger interagency relationships at the operational and tactical levels, improving TTP's [tactics, techniques, and procedure], and leveraging external funding sources. Within the confines of constitutional law, federal regulations, and the Marine Corps' traditional defense obligations, there are many advantages to leveraging the opportunities presented by increasing support to civil authorities."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Amdahl, Edward P.
2013-01-22
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Cyberspace Operators Earning Their Wings
From the thesis introduction: "By the stroke of a pen on 1 May 2010, the U.S. Air Force changed the designation of its Communications and Information Officer specialty from a support to an operations career field and renamed it Cyberspace Operations. Although the Air Force required each of the new cyber operators to complete a course of training to earn cyberspace operations qualification commensurate with their rank, the work and behavior of these men and women did not change appreciably between 30 April and 1 May. What change must take place in Communication and Information Officers to transform them into effective Cyberspace Operations Officers? With the U.S. military's near absolute reliance on cyberspace and many of its allies and adversaries sharing this dependence, more than a mere duty title must evolve."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Fletcher, Larry
2012-05-04
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U.S. Pacific Command Theater Security Cooperation: A Building Block to Cooperative Security in the Asia Pacific Region
From the thesis abstract: "This document will explain how the cooperative security paradigm has developed and been established as a Military Contributions to Cooperative Security (CS} Joint Operating Concept (JOC). Further examination will identify how U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM} strategy supports the JOC in order to foster a new cooperative security paradigm across the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, this document will demonstrated how the Asia Pacific Area Network (APAN) and Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT) have been effectively utilized to support PACOM's strategic efforts over the last decade to promote inclusivity, build capacity and capability of its partner nations, and support concept of common interest of regional security and stability." "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Military Studies"
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Chorzelewski, Chad A.
2010-03-17
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US Army Evaluations: A Study of Inaccurate and Inflated Reporting
From the thesis abstract: "This is a study of the inflation and inaccuracy of the U.S. Army evaluations and how they affect Army promotions."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Johnson, Scott R.
2012-04
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Cargo Unmanned Aircraft System: A Future Battlefield Enabler For Enhanced Company Operations And Seabasing
"When Enhanced Company Operations (ECO) and SeaBasing become a reality, the Cargo UAS (CUAS) will address the logistical challenges of providing food, water, ammunition, medical supplies, and critical parts to Marines distributed in company-size elements across the AO when the risks to aircrew and ground convoys are too high. The insurgents' successful use of roadside Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) against ground convoys in Afghanistan prompted the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) to release an Urgent Universal Needs Statement (UUNS) in September 2009 that challenged the Marine Corps to explore alternative means of combat re-supply to remote Forward Operating Bases (FOB) and Combat Outposts (COP). Six months following the release of the UUNS, a technology demonstration conducted by the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (MCWL) at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, yielded astonishing results -- the vision of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) conducting re-supply missions on today's battlefield and into the future was far closer to reality than most realized. In addition to getting trucks off the road, the CUAS will considerably augment Marine aviation assault support helicopters by providing critical combat re-supply to remote FOBs and COPs in Afghanistan. By taking the pilot out of the aircraft, commanders will have greater flexibility to re-supply Marines in high surface-to-air threat environments and inclement weather. […] The Marine Corps is prepared to implement the current CUAS initiative to mitigate the lED threat by reducing the amount of convoys on the roads. The CUAS will save lives in Afghanistan, and it will also significantly enhance the Marine Corps' ability to logistically support concepts like ECO and SeaBasing."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Sharp, Jason Andrew
2011-04-14
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Naval Intelligence Officer Detailing: A Case tor Specialization
From the thesis abstract: "Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in the late twentieth century, the primary threat to the U.S. has shifted from one single adversary to a host of adversaries ranging from transnational terrorist organizations, developing nations, and unstable nations. The U.S. defense policy, as well as the Intelligence Community has struggled int eh aftermath to develop a coherent system to deal with this new reality. As the demands on intelligence has also diversified, the manner in which we detail and train our intelligence officers must also evolve. No longer can intelligence professionals maintain a general knowledge of a particular area or subject, but must be allowed to gain and maintain the quantity and type of expertise commensurate with the demands of the intelligence consumer. Naval Intelligence Officers must become specialists in their field and not the generalists that the Navy has been grooming for the past decade." "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Studies.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Wilcock, Lawrence C.
2010-03-30
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Operation Corporate: Parallels Of The Joint Operational Access Concept
From the thesis abstract: "Operation Corporate is the ideal case study for US military planners working on future amphibious operations. In addition, an examination of the lessons learned from the Falklands War supplies commanders with valuable insight into the Joint Operational Access Concept. The United States will face a variety of issues and challenges as it refocuses on the 'Pivot to the Pacific,' offering its Marine Corps an opportunity to renew its core competency of amphibious operations. The advancing military capabilities of China, North Korea, and Iran, the emergence of large terrorist and criminal organizations, and dwindling natural resources should cause the United States to carefully consider its future operations. Projecting US military forces into contested operational areas to gain and maintain access will require extensive use of the five operational domains. Gaining and maintaining operational access in the face of armed opposition requires two tasks which must be achieved in order to obtain the overall mission objective. The first is combat forces must overcome the A2/AD capabilities of enemy forces along the approaches to, and in the objective area. The next task, which runs concurrent with defeating A2/AD capabilities, is leveraging the required national logistics assets to support those combat forces." "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Studies.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Stinnett, Richard J., Jr.
2013-04-04
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United States and Unconventional Warfare
"Thesis: Given the success of terrorist organizations against the United States since 1983 it is prudent to ask if nations will pursue unconventional engagements with the United States. According to the National Defense Strategy, 'U.S. dominance in conventional warfare has given prospective adversaries, particularly non-state actors and their state sponsors, strong motivation to adopt asymmetric methods to counter our advantages. For this reason, we must display a mastery of irregular warfare comparable to that which we possess in conventional combat.' What are the implications for future National Defense Strategies? Discussion: The United States of America is no stranger to unconventional warfare. The American Revolution was the United States' first experience in terrorism and guerrilla warfare. The National Defense Strategy of 2008 states that the conventional warfare dominance of the United States will remain unchecked for the foreseeable future. However, despite its ability to defeat a conventional enemy, the United States has shown an inability to effectively deal with an enemy, either nation-state or non-state actor, that employs terrorism and asymmetric warfare as a means to engage in combat. The United States' conventional dominance has been no deterrent to terrorism. While the immediate adversaries in the Global War on Terrorism campaign are Al Qaeda and its allies, the reality exists that legitimate nation-states would resort to unconventional warfare operations in order to defeat the United States in a future conflict. Iran supports terrorism in Iraq and Afghanistan. Additionally, Iran continues to develop nuclear technology."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Cisowski, Theodore A.
2009-06
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United Nations Sanctions Against Iraq and Iraq's Current Military Status
The United Nations Sanctions against Iraq from 1990 to 2000 have had little impact on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction capabilities in researching and developing nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Iraq's previous use of chemical and biological weapons during the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980's, as well as Iraq's resolve to manipulate the United Nations Weapons Team Inspectors by hiding key documents and equipment and submitting false reports shows the extent of what Iraq is capable of doing. Prior to the Gulf War in January 1991, Iraq implemented a crash program to expedite its nuclear weapons program; Iraq already maintained stockpiles of both biological and chemical weapons. After Iraq expelled the United Nations weapons team inspectors in September 1998, Iraq has had a clear opportunity to expand its nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons programs.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Brackett, Steven J.
2001-04
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Navy Force Structure Changes Required if Assigned the Role of National Missile Defense
The end of the Cold War has significantly reduced the threat of a large-scale battle between great powers and redefined the primary threats facing the U.S. One of these primary threats is the threat posed by intercontinental ballistic missile armed with weapons of mass destruction. To deal with this evolving threat, the Congress has mandated that a land based National Missile Defense system capable of defending the U.S. homeland be developed. However, many military analysts believed that the surface Navy already had the framework for accomplishing this mission. These analysts believed that upgrading existing Aegis surface ships would produce a limited sea-based National Missile Defense system that could be deployed cheaper, faster, and more flexible than the land based proposal. Analysis of the sea-based proposal identifies several reasons that the use of existing ships in not feasible. Today's Navy is smaller yet continues to perform the same traditional missions and roles as it performed during the height of the Cold War. The smaller force coupled with the significant technical and organizational changes that are required to accomplish the National Missile Defense Mission will significantly reduce the capability of the current surface Navy. Additionally, the current fleet is getting older and more outdated. For the surface Navy to assume the mission of National Missile Defense, the Navy must develop newer and more capable ships specifically designed to perform this mission. The acquisition of 10 ships built and designed solely for National Missile Defense would provide the Congress mandated defense of the U.S. homeland.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Hardy, Roger D.
2001-04
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Domestic Terrorism: Is America Prepared?
Within the United States' National Security Strategy, December 1999, Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and their possible use by terrorists are listed as a vital interest to our nation's security. Excluded from this vital interest are terrorist acts that involve the use of conventional bombs and weaponry. The United States is focused on a Nuclear/Biological/Chemical (NBC) terrorist attack; but it should be equally prepared for the more likely domestic terrorist attack using conventional bombs. A main focus of United States counter terrorism policy is the terrorist use of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The Environmental Protection Agency's definition of WMD is: "Weapons or devices that are intended, or have the capability, to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people, through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic poisonous chemicals; disease organisms; or radiation or radioactivity." Governmental focus on deterrence, prevention, and managing the consequences of WMD is a vital national interest, but not at the expense of remaining equally dutiful in the war against terrorist conventional bombings that are not mentioned in the EPA's definition of WMD. In light of the global fear of WMD, terrorist use of conventional bombs may not receive the consideration it requires thus increasing America's vulnerability. The United States' government must strike a balance between combating the domestic terrorist use of WMD and conventional bombs. An equally vigilant posture against homeland bombings is America's greatest protection against domestic terrorism in the 21st century.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Russell, Michel M., Sr.
2001-04
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Homeland Security: A Priority for the Nation: A Primary Mission for the National Guard
On September 11th, 2001, the United States was struck with multiple horrific events. Terrorists were successful at infiltrating the U.S. and attacking American symbols of strength. These events sent a message that the United States was not postured or organized to defend its homeland. The National Guard, with its state and federal missions, is ready to step up to the plate and fulfill its historic and Constitutional mission of providing homeland security. The National Guard is postured to quickly reinforce local capabilities with military units trained, organized, equipped, and positioned to deal with an attack while simultaneously mobilizing the response capabilities (engineering, medical, communications, etc.) within the civilian community. From augmenting first responders to providing services directly, the National Guard is well suited to take on Homeland Security as (a) primary mission.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Hale, Tracey L.
2002-04-29
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Somalia: Potential Home for the al Qaeda Terror Network
"Since their dislodgement from Afghanistan, the remaining members of al Qaeda will need a new safe haven. Somalia is a likely potential refuge for the transnational terrorist organization. […] During Operation Enduring Freedom the United States and its coalition partners aggressively pursued the al Qaeda terror network and its members resulting in the killing or capture of many of the group's members. The rest were dispersed and dislodged from their strongholds in the Afghanistan mountain ranges. Though the U.S. and its allies eroded much of al Qaeda's capabilities the group still has the ability to function and project its influence as a worldwide transnational umbrella organization. Operating as a shell of its former constitution the group has been put on the run and will need a new place of refuge. Where will the organization seek this asylum? One plausible answer is Somalia. It is largely ungoverned with characteristics that make it quite attractive to al Qaeda. Somalia is conducive for the group to easily settle, support and rebuild itself. Additionally, Somalia is quite familiar to al Qaeda considering the organization has preexisting relationships within the country dating back to the early 1990s. […] Somalia appears to be a likely refuge for the group. It seems to have all the trappings that al Qaeda leaders and operatives need as a safe haven. Staying a step ahead of the organization is vitally important in preventing the organization from reconstituting there. The focus must engage the three primary divisions of society - the government, the military and the populace."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Wilson, Kenneth T.
2005-01
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Engagement in the Caribbean: The United States Coast Guard Role in International Training and Security Assistance
"The Coast Guard should develop a regional engagement strategy for the Caribbean Basin. This strategy should align with Regional Commander and State Department goals while developing the capabilities of Caribbean nations to act as partners in fighting illegal activity. The Caribbean is the Coast Guard's busiest operating area, consuming over half of the cutter deployment days, Law Enforcement Detachment deployments and one third of the Training Assets. The US has been conducting drug and migrant interdiction in the area for over 20 years. Starting in 1997 the Coast Guard has tried to develop a comprehensive regional strategy to better qualify its efforts in meeting national security goals"
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Strong, David W.
2002-04-24
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Saudi Duality, American Acceptance
"The United States government can no longer accept the status quo in its relationship with the Saudi royal family. Additionally, efforts must be undertaken worldwide to counter Wahhabi clerics' demonizing of the United States. If allowed to continue, the ranks of those willing to carry out another attack on the scale of September 11, 2001 will swell. If this happens, war will rage indefinitely, resulting in an ever increasing toll in human lives. The true solution is reform of the majority of governments within the Middle East region, where a very small minority controls all of the national wealth and the rest of the country lives in squalor. People desire a voice in how their country will be governed and a government that cares for all people of the nation. The institution of democracy within Middle Eastern countries will reduce the need for people to find a blame for their troubles and the governments they elect will no longer require a place to put that blame in order to maintain power. They will begin to see purpose to their lives and the tendency for them to become militant will be reduced."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
James, Robert E.
2005-02-09
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Hippo Generation and the Vampire State: The Impact of Corruption on Failing Nations
"This research project represents an attempt to gain an understanding of corruption. In order to do so, first, the meaning of corruption as it pertains to society and governance must be fully defined. This also requires us to determine if corruption is endemic to a country due to culture or religion, or if it simply becomes an institutionalized means of survival as a result of sustained turmoil and a high level poverty within the country. In order to ascertain why corruption is such a destabilizing force, we must also assess the impact of corruption on the citizens of a given nation and determine whether the impact on the populace can be quantified in terms of human development. Second, we must ascertain the significance of corruption by determining if there is a measurable link between corruption and state failure. Finally, we
must assess what the implications of corruption are for the international community."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Germano, Kate I.
2011-04-13
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Adoption of a U.S. Interventionist Policy in Africa: Fighting a Pre-emptive Vice Reactive War on Terror
"Since 11 September 2001, the United States (U.S.) and its allies have been fighting primarily a reactive war on terror. The war in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) in particular is the most well-known example of this strategy. The war in Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom) is also another example of reactive strategy when viewed in the entirety of U.S. foreign policy. Some would argue otherwise, but the fact that the former regime habitually curtailed United Nations (U.N.) sanctions and continued to be a state sponsor of terror since the end of the Gulf War substantiates reactive vice pre-emptive. Because of the intelligence shortfalls of the 1990s, which failed to detect the severity of the radical Islamic threat of al-Qaeda, the United States had no other choice but to strike targets of greatest opportunity (i.e. Afghanistan and Iraq). Knowing now how costly it is to conduct a reactive war on terror, the United States should do everything in its power to prevent geopolitical conditions conducive to supporting Islamic terrorist organizations. The African continent is one such region where favorable conditions continue to persist for terrorist exploitation. Largely forgotten on the international scene, several nations and their governments have been continually ignored. This allows for conditions to persist that may lead to eventual safe havens for terrorists. The Sudan is the greatest case in point, which was the safe haven for Usama Bin Laden (UBL) less than ten years ago. Consequently, the United States must adopt an interventionist policy in the Sudan to eradicate conditions that may be exploited by terrorists in the future."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Thomas, R. N.
2005-02
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American Policy in the Persian Gulf Region: Peace, Security, and the Spread of Democracy
"To achieve lasting security in the Arabian Gulf region, US policy, though focused in Iraq, must engage Saudi Arabia and Iran with all of the instruments of national power to encourage the spread of democracy as a means to peace and prosperity within the region, as well as the world. […] Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Iran makeup the three regional powers along the Persian Gulf. The Gulf region is important to the United States because of its resources, its strategic geography, its potential for crises and instability, and its centrality to the Muslim religion. The endstate of US policy in the Persian Gulf should be lasting peace and security encouraged by the spread of democracy throughout the region. Democracy does not mean a carbon copy of Western Europe or America. Democracy does mean, however, governments that are: representative; adherents to the rule of law; and protect the rights of minorities. Iraq has the potential to be a regional leader as an emerging democracy. An American presence will continue in Iraq for the distant future to meet Iraqi security needs, as well as to provide US forces access to the region, which is central to maintaining America's predominant role in the Gulf. Iraq is a fundamental component of American strategy because it demonstrates America's commitment to freedom and security in the region. Maintaining America's partnership with a free Iraq, therefore, is essential to US policy in the Gulf. Saudi Arabia is a long time partner for the United States in the region and in the Global War on Terror."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Fox, Darin J.
2008
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Military Police Operations and Counterinsurgency
From the thesis abstract: "Since the end of the Cold War, the U.S. conventional military capability has been unrivaled by any other potential adversary. For the foreseeable future, the U.S. military can expect be employed in irregular warfare operations involving stability and peacekeeping missions, humanitarian assistance, and counterinsurgency (COIN). The U.S. military is currently mired in COIN operations in Afghanistan and Iraq with no clear end in sight. In spite of countless historical examples, U.S. military leaders continue to struggle with fully understanding the policing nature of security operations in COIN. To successfully put down an indigenous rebellion, security must first be established. Criminals and guerrilla leaders, often indiscernible, must be patiently identified and dealt with so that native populations can come to know justice. This effort can only be accomplished by working closely with the local population, ensuring they have a stake in the successful outcome of COIN operations. Only after an acceptable level of security has been established will the legitimacy of a U.S.-backed government be accepted by the local population; only then will U.S. military forces be able to return to garrison victorious. In short, law and order must be realized through the primacy of the indigenous local, state, and national police forces. For the U.S. military to establish police primacy in places like Iraq and Afghanistan, aptly trained professionals from within the ranks must be called upon to lead the way. There will be little or no direct civilian or interagency support for this complex effort. The Department of Defense must turn to its own organic law enforcement agencies for leadership of security operations in COIN."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Modarelli, Matthew R.
2008-03-24
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V [Marine] Amphibious Corps Planning for Operation Olympic and the Role of Intelligence in Support of Planning
Thesis: That the intelligence estimates of the Japanese forces and their capabilities on Kyushu, for Operation Olympic, were so inaccurate that an amphibious assault by the V Amphibious Corps would have failed. Discussion: This research paper, while addressing events at the strategic and operational level, will concentrate primarily on the V Amphibious Corps, one of four corps comprising the ground assault force in Operation Olympic, the projected invasion of Kyushu, Japan, in November 1945. It will focus on the planning phase of the operation and the intelligence used in that process. Chapter One introduces the U.S. Pacific strategy in 1945 and highlights the reasons for the decision to invade the Japanese home islands. Chapter Two discusses the role of the V Amphibious Corps in Operation Olympic. This chapter also addresses the planning process and the concept of operations of this Corps. Finally, it covers the training regimen that was preparing the Marines of V Amphibious Corps for the final fight. Chapter Three details the intelligence that U.S. planners had in which to develop their operational plans. It tracks the development of the intelligence picture from early 1945 to the end of the war in August 1945. Chapter Four is derived from the Japanese defensive plans for Kyushu obtained during the U.S. occupation of Japan after the war. Code-named Ketsu-Go, the Japanese operation to defend Kyushu was to be the final decisive battle. Chapter Five is the conclusion where the role of intelligence in support of planning is analyzed, based upon the true Japanese defensive posture identified in chapter four. Finally, the paper ends with a discussion on the estimated casualty rates if Operation Olympic would have been executed.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Arens, Mark P.
1996-02-27
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Rise of Domestic Terrorism and Its Relation to United States Armed Forces
From the thesis abstract: "Extremist and potentially terroristic groups have, to some extent, infiltrated and negatively impacted on the morale and cohesiveness of individual military personnel and units. Racial, religious and political ideological differences will continue to exist within and among active duty military personnel, primarily as a reflection of the same issues in the civilian society. Fair and effective means of limiting the involvement of active-duty military personnel in extremist organizations will require aggressive education and training at all levels, particularly among new recruits [...]. Recent events of domestic terrorism [...] have caused significant concern and alarm over the extent to which extremists and hate-groups are present in the military services. A major dilemma is posed in dealing with this issue, specifically when an individual's freedoms of thought and association are identified as a contributing factor to the existence of such people in the military services [...]. Right-wing extremists and hate-motivated groups have historically, and are currently recruiting active duty military personnel for several reasons, including: 1) they lend a degree of 'legitimacy' and 'bravado' to militant groups that aids in the group's ability to recruit civilians, 2) they are trained and are capable of training group members in the use of weapons and tactics, 3) they are useful as an 'inside' point of contact for ordinance and munitions thefts, and 4) the military environment fosters a more disciplined and conservative mindset that these groups can exploit and construe to attain loyalties and devotion based upon the racial or religious convictions of the soldier [...]. Additionally, education and frank, open discussions will be required to prevent and eliminate such problems in the future."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Presley, Steven Mack
1996-04-19
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New Order for the Security and Defense of Europe
From the thesis abstract: "This document explains why a new security and defense arrangement for Western Europe, one that depends on the contributions of both the European Union (EU) and the United States NATO, is appropriate and mutually beneficial. The combined effort of the three will ultimately result in greater regional stability. Specifically, it will provide a degree of autonomy for and increased defense burden sharing by the EU, it will allow the United States to remain engaged in European affairs, and it will ensure the continued preeminence of NATO in the defense and security of Western Europe. Ensuring the future success of such an arrangement requires that several outstanding issues be addressed and resolved, such as the inadequate level of EU defense spending, pending EU and NATO memberships, coordination of intra-European military forces and the independent use of supplementary NATO capabilities by the EU."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Hearn, Brent, II
2002-01-07?
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Ethical Considerations for Islamic Insurgency Movements: A Case Study of the Algerian Civil War, 1992-1998
"Relatively little has been done to adapt the concept of JIHAD to the modern revolutionary context. JIHAD may be viewed as a theological-Juridical construct that includes Holy War and Just War Concepts. Holy Wars are fought with religious purposes in mind; just wars are limited by the criteria for declaring them as well as the conduct of combat operations and combatants. This study seeks to develop a model for the ethical analysis of Islamic insurgencies in both senses of JIHAD and to apply it to the Algerian Civil War, from 1992-1998. It focuses on two Representative Insurgent Groups, the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) and the Islamic Salvation Army (AIS), whose ideology and tactical focus represent differing aspects of the Islamic Concept of Just War in a Revolutionary Context. This will demonstrate that the ideological motivation of many extremist Islamic Insurgency groups is rooted more in political ideology than a true apprehension of Islam. At least in the case of Algeria, these groups seek to justify their movement on religious grounds, but in reality, their religious understanding is limited and/or skewed."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Lee, Guy M.
2001-04-12
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'Just War' Case Study: Israeli Invasion of Lebanon in 1982
"This essay examines Israel's overall reasons for invasion of southern Lebanon, and compares them to just war theory's war-decision law and war-conduct law. This examination will establish that Israel achieved her objectives before war termination, which lead to some unjust actions Between 1948 and 1982 Israel had engaged in conventional combat four times against Arab coalition forces. In all cases, Israel fought for survival of its state and established a military dominance in the region. In the years leading up to 1982, the Israeli government sought ways to eliminate security problems in its occupied territory and across its border with southern Lebanon Israel defined its security problems as terrorist excursions that threatened the security of its people and property in northern Israel. This paper will examine Israeli conduct of deciding to go to war and their conduct of war in relation to just war theory. Three areas will be examined; 1) Did Israel have a just cause, use a legitimate authority and the right intention for invading Lebanon as in accordance with Jus ad Bellum? 2) Did Israel conduct the conflict in accordance with Jus in Bellum? 3 What are the long-term ramifications for the region since the invasion?"
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Arantz, Christopher A.
2002-01-07
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Piracy in Southeast Asia: A Growing Threat to the United States' Vital Strategic and Commercial Interests
"Maritime piracy in Southeast Asia is one of the most dangerous threats to maritime commerce in the world, and this threat is growing driven by the economic downturn of Southeast Asia, lucrative maritime targets of opportunity, a growing drug trade, China's attempts to exert sovereignty over the South China Sea, and new ominous link between the Osama Bin Ladin's Al-Qa'ida terrorist organization and Islamic fundamentalists in the southern Philippines and Indonesia. Southeast Asia has been a breeding ground and haven for man time piracy for over a thousand years due to the geography of the area. Piracy flourishes in this region due to several key ingredients: Lucrative shipping targets and a known area these ships must transit, numerous places to hide, state-of-the-art camouflage, an understanding of the use of denial and deception, and numerous places to sell one's stolen goods. When one adds to this region a depressed economy, a flourishing drug trade, Islamic fundamentalism, Chinese government sponsored piracy, and a newly discovered linkage between Osama Bin Ladin's Al-Qa'ida terrorist organization and Islamic fundamentalists in the region, one can understand why the number of attacks in this region of the world is rising and becoming more dangerous."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Davis, Gregory S.
2002-01-07
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Are Right Wing Extremists in Scandinavia a Threat to Government Personnel and the Societal Mainstream? A Prognosis
"Violence from right wing extremists has been part of daily life in Scandinavia since the 1940s. From the 1950s and 1960s onwards, new ethnic minorities in the form of labor migrants arrived in the Scandinavian countries. Sweden received hundreds of thousands; in Norway and Denmark, on the other hand, labor migrants did not arrive in significant numbers until the 1970s and then on a far smaller scale than in Sweden. As a result of this immigration, tension and violence erupted in the countries. Traditional violence like firebombing of refugee centers, beating up of immigrants, and more grave violence was common in all three countries."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Baekken, Kjell I.
2001-04-12
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Private Militias: The Cancer of the American Society
"Private Militias and various other right-wing extremist groups pose a disturbing threat to the American public. These organizations share such common beliefs as racial purity, anti-Semitism, anti-abortion, opposition to taxation and pro individual rights. However, their biggest beliefs are strong 2nd amendment rights and intense hatred and distrust of the federal government. Most militias, and the members therein, do not pose a threat of terrorist-style violence, but there is a small but active segment (the radical fringe) that seeks to convey their message through violence. Newly established doctrine within the movement has permitted followers to fuse hate with conspiracy theories and the widespread distrust of the federal government."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Domingue, Henry J., Jr.
2001-04-13
