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Considerations for a Catastrophic Declaration: Issues and Analysis [July 6, 2011]
"The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act) is the principal authority governing federal emergency and disaster response in the United States. The act authorizes the President to issue three categories of declaration: (1) major disaster, (2) emergency, or (3) fire assistance declarations in response to incidents that overwhelm the resources of state and local governments. Once a declaration is issued, a wide range of federal disaster assistance becomes available to eligible individuals and households, public entities, and certain nonprofit organizations. Disaster assistance authorized by the Stafford Act is appropriated by Congress and provided through the Disaster Relief Fund. Emergency declarations supplement and promote coordination of local and state efforts such as evacuations and protection of public assets. They may also be declared prior to the impact of an incident to protect property, public health and safety and lessen or avert the threat of a major disaster or catastrophe. […] This report examines concerns expressed by policymakers and experts that current Stafford Act declarations are inadequate to respond to, and recover from, highly destructive events, and presents the arguments for and against amending the act to add a catastrophic declaration amendment. This report also includes data analyses of past and potential disasters to determine what incidents might be deemed as catastrophic, and explores alternative policy options that might obviate the need for catastrophic declarations. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.
2011-07-06
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Examination of Federal Disaster Relief Under the Budget Control Act [February 10, 2012]
"Concern over the size of the federal budget deficit and the national debt has brought congressional attention, as an ancillary issue, to both the amount of funding the federal government provides to states and localities for disaster assistance and the processes the federal government uses to provide that assistance. The amount of funding provided by Congress for declared emergencies and major disasters has grown considerably in the past decade, driven principally by the hurricane season of 2005. Although funds have been reallocated at times from one account to another to provide for disaster-related assistance, disaster relief funding has historically not been fully offset. Disaster relief funding has usually not been tightly constrained, either, with supplemental spending bills often funding these activities outside the allocations of discretionary budget authority and outlays associated with budget resolutions. Two potential methods for reducing the impact of disaster assistance spending on the federal budget are (1) the use of offsets and (2) placing controls on the level of allowable spending. Among its provisions, the Budget Control Act (P.L. 112-25, hereafter the BCA) provides a mechanism designed, arguably, to limit spending on major disasters declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 93-288, hereafter the Stafford Act), thereby limiting the impact of such spending on the budget deficit. This report reviews current disaster funding practices and examines potential issues presented to disaster funding under the BCA mechanism. The report also discusses how OMB [Office of Management and Budget] calculates the 'allowable adjustment' to discretionary spending caps for disaster relief pursuant to the BCA, and the potential policy implications that may result from that process."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Painter, William L.; McCarthy, Francis X.
2012-02-10
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Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data [Updated August 14, 2008]
"This report provides summary information on emergency supplemental appropriations enacted after major disasters since 19891. During the 20-year span from FY1989 through the present, Congress appropriated almost $250 billion in constant 2008 dollars. Most of the appropriations were preceded by a presidential request for supplemental funding. The most recent and costly disasters occurred in the summer of 2005 when Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma made landfall in Gulf Coast states. Since Hurricane Katrina struck in August of 2005, more than $130 billion has been appropriated for supplemental disaster funding, most of it needed for the recovery from the 2005 hurricanes. Portions of the appropriations were offset by rescinding more than $34 billion in previously appropriated funds, explained in the section titled 'Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma.' Prior to FY2005 and the hurricanes, only the terrorist attacks of 2001 led to supplemental appropriations legislation that exceeded $20 billion. Congress appropriated a total of more than $26 billion for disaster assistance in response to the attacks. […] On other occasions, however, disaster funding has been part of larger pieces of legislation that appropriated funds for purposes other than disaster assistance. The most recent supplemental disaster assistance appropriation occurred on June 30, 2008 when the President signed into law H.R. 2642, the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008. The statute, P.L.110-252, provides $7 billion in disaster related funding, most of which has been appropriated for disaster relief associated with the 2005 hurricane season."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Murray, Justin; Lindsay, Bruce R.
2008-08-14
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Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC): An Overview [July 21, 2008]
This CRS report provides an overview of the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC). More specifically, "EMAC is an agreement among member states to provide assistance after disasters overwhelm a state's capacity to manage consequences. The compact, initiated by the states and coordinated by the National Emergency Management Association, provides a structure for requesting emergency assistance from party states. In 1996 Congress approved EMAC as an interstate compact (P.L. 104-321). EMAC also resolves some, but not all, potential legal and administrative obstacles that may hinder such assistance at the state level. EMAC also enhances state preparedness for terrorist attacks by ensuring the availability of resources for fast response and facilitating multi-state cooperation in training activities and preparedness exercises. In June of 2008, a bill to reform mutual aid agreements for the National Capital Region (P.L. 110-250) was enacted to expand the types of organizations and agencies in the region that are authorized to enter into agreements and ease the requirements for agents and volunteers to respond to an incident. Legislation in the 110th Congress (S. 1452) would require EMAC to ensure that licensed mental health professionals with expertise in treating vulnerable populations are included in the leadership of the National Disaster Medical System and are available for deployment with Disaster Medical Assistance Teams."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.
2008-07-21
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FEMA's Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Selected Issues [May 7, 2014]
"The Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. 93-288, as amended) authorizes the President to issue declarations for incidents ranging from destructive, large-scale disasters to more routine, less damaging events. Declarations trigger federal assistance in the forms of various response and recovery programs under the Stafford Act to state, local, and tribal governments. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is the primary funding source for disaster response and recovery. […] This report describes the declaration process and the types of declarations that can be issued under the Stafford Act: (1) emergency and major disaster declarations, and (2) Fire Management Assistance Grants. The report also examines how the DRF is financed. This discussion is followed by an analysis concerning the issues related to the DRF including the debate over supplemental appropriations, how the DRF is budgeted, and the influence the Budget Control Act has had on the DRF."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.
2014-05-07
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Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data and Analysis [October 1, 2014]
"The federal government has provided a significant amount of money through supplemental appropriations to state, local, and tribal governments to help them repair, rebuild, and recover from catastrophic incidents. For example, Congress provided roughly $120 billion for the 2005 and 2008 Gulf Coast hurricane seasons and $50 billion for Hurricane Sandy recovery. Congressional interest in disaster assistance has always been high given the associated costs. Additional issues associated with disaster assistance have been contentious. These issues include: (1) increasing disagreements over the appropriate role of the federal government in providing assistance including whether some of the federal burden for disaster assistance should be shifted to states and localities; (2) the appropriate use of supplemental appropriations to pay for disaster relief; (3) reducing federal costs by eliminating unrelated spending in disaster funding bills; (4) creating alternative funding methods such as a rainy-day fund or a contingency fund; (5) the use of offsets for disaster assistance; (6) altering policies that would limit the number of declarations issued each year; and (7) converting some or all disaster assistance to disaster loans. This report provides summary information on supplemental appropriations legislation enacted since FY2000 after significant large-scale disasters. It includes funds appropriated to various departments and agencies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Murray, Justin
2014-10-01
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Fire Management Assistance Grants: Frequently Asked Questions [September 25, 2014]
"Section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 93-288) authorizes the President to 'declare' a Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG). This authority has been delegated to the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Regional Administrators. Once issued, the FMAG declaration authorizes various forms of federal assistance such as the provision of equipment, personnel, and grants to state, local, and tribal governments for the control, management, and mitigation of any fire on certain public or private forest land or grassland that might become a major disaster. The current FMAG system was established by regulation in October of 2001. Prior to that time, the program was known as the Fire Suppression Assistance Program. However, the program was administered in similar fashion with the FEMA Regional Administrators working with the requesting state and the 'Principal Advisor,' as well as consulting with FEMA leadership prior to the announcement of Stafford Act assistance under Section 420. This report answers frequently asked questions about FMAGs. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; McCarthy, Francis X.; Hoover, Katie . . .
2014-09-25
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Major Disaster Declarations for Snow Assistance and Severe Winter Storms: An Overview [December 1, 2014]
From the Document: "The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides two types of assistance for winter incidents: (1) 'snow assistance,' and (2) assistance for 'severe winter storms.' Both types of assistance are triggered by a presidential disaster declaration. The criteria used by FEMA to determine whether to recommend a declaration depend on the type of winter incident. Snow assistance determinations are based on snow accumulations. Determinations for severe winter storms are based on the severity and magnitude of the event and the capabilities of the state and affected local governments to respond to the incident. Requests for snow assistance and assistance for severe winter storms must also include the estimated cost of federal and nonfederal public assistance associated with the incident. FEMA divides the estimated cost of federal and nonfederal public assistance by the statewide population to give some measure of the per capita impact the incident has had on the state. This report describes snow assistance and assistance for severe winter storms, the declaration process, the criteria used to make eligibility determinations, and the types of assistance that are provided after the President has issued a major disaster declaration for the incident. This report also provides historical data on winter incidents since 2009 including obligations for the incidents from FEMA's Disaster Relief Fund (DRF). The DRF is the main account used to fund a wide variety of programs, grants, and other forms of emergency and disaster assistance to states, local governments, certain nonprofit entities, and families and individuals affected by disasters."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.
2014-12-01
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Alaska [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Alaska is part of Region X, headquartered in Seattle, WA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Richardson, Daniel J.; King, Rawle O.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Alabama [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Alabama is part of Region IV, headquartered in Atlanta, GA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Arizona [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Arizona is part of Region IX, headquartered in Oakland, CA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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Stafford Act Assistance and Acts of Terrorism [March 22, 2017]
"The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act) authorizes the President to issue two types of declarations that could potentially provide federal assistance to states and localities in response to a terrorist attack: a 'major disaster declaration' or an 'emergency declaration.' Major disaster declarations authorize a wide range of federal assistance to states, local governments, tribal nations, individuals and households, and certain nonprofit organizations to recover from a catastrophic event. Major disaster declarations also make Small Business Administration (SBA) disaster loans available to eligible businesses and households. Emergency declarations authorize a more limited range of federal assistance to protect property and public health and safety, and to lessen or avert the threat of a major disaster. Only private nonprofit organizations are eligible for disaster loans under an emergency declaration. [...] This report provides an overview of emergency and major disaster declarations and explains how they might be used in the aftermath of a terrorist incident that does not involve a fire or an explosion, such as high casualty mass shootings or chemical gas attacks. This report also provides an overview of Stafford Act assistance provided for past terrorist incidents. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; McCarthy, Francis X.
2017-03-22
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Stafford Act Assistance and Acts of Terrorism [June 2, 2017]
"The Stafford Act has been used to provide assistance in response to terrorist attacks in the past […] Nevertheless, the tactics used in recent incidents such as the 2015 San Bernardino, CA, and the 2016 Orlando, FL, mass shootings, and the 2016 Ohio State University vehicular and knife attack, have brought to light two main challenges that might prevent certain types of terrorist incidents from receiving the wider assistance provided under a major disaster declaration: [1] the major disaster definition lists specific incident types that are eligible for federal assistance. Past terrorist incidents were considered major disasters, in part, because they resulted in fires and explosions. Incidents without a fire or an explosion may not meet the definition of a major disaster; and [2] the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) recommendation to the President to issue a major disaster declaration is mainly based on damage amounts to public infrastructure compared to the state's population. Terrorist incidents with a large loss of life but limited damage to public infrastructure may not meet this criterion [...] This report provides an overview of emergency and major disaster declarations and explains how they might be used in the aftermath of a terrorist incident that does not involve a fire or an explosion, such as high casualty mass shootings or chemical gas attacks. This report also provides an overview of Stafford Act assistance provided for past terrorist incidents."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.
2017-06-02
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Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies [September 08, 2017]
"The principles of disaster management assume a leadership role by the local, state, and tribal governments affected by the incident. The federal government provides coordinated supplemental resources and assistance, only if requested and approved. The immediate response to a disaster is guided by the National Response Framework (NRF), which details roles and responsibilities at various levels of government, along with cooperation from the private and nonprofit sectors, for differing incidents and support functions. A possible declaration of a major disaster or emergency under the authority of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act, P.L. 93-288, as amended) must, in almost all cases, be requested by the governor of a state or the chief executive of an affected Indian tribal government, who at that point has declared that the situation is beyond the capacity of the state or tribe to respond. The governor/chief also determines for which parts of the state/tribal territory assistance will be requested, and suggests the types of assistance programs that may be needed. The President considers the request, in consultation with officials of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and makes the initial decisions on the areas to be included as well as the programs that are implemented."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brown, Jared T.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Petruzzelli, Jaclyn
2017-09-08
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Major Disaster Declarations for Snow Assistance and Severe Winter Storms: An Overview [March 13, 2017]
From the Document: "The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides two types of assistance for winter incidents: (1) snow assistance, and (2) assistance for severe winter storms. The assistance is triggered by a presidential disaster declaration. The criteria used by FEMA to determine whether to recommend a declaration depend on the type of winter incident. Snow assistance is based on record, or near record snowfall according to official government reports on snow accumulations. Acceptable government reports are snowfall amounts measured and published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Climatic Data Center, or measurements made by observers from the National Weather Service. Determinations for severe winter storms are based on the severity and magnitude of the event and the capabilities of the state and affected local governments to respond to the incident. Both requests for snow assistance and assistance for severe winter storms must also include the estimated cost of federal and nonfederal public assistance associated with the incident. FEMA divides the estimated cost of federal and nonfederal public assistance by the statewide population to give some measure of the per capita impact the incident has had on the state. […] This report describes snow assistance and assistance for severe winter storms, the declaration process, the criteria used to make eligibility determinations, and the types of assistance that are provided after the President has issued a major disaster declaration for the incident. This report also provides some historical data including obligations for the incidents from FEMA's Disaster Relief Fund (DRF)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.
2017-03-13
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Stafford Act Assistance and Acts of Terrorism [June 21, 2016]
"This insight provides a brief overview of Stafford Act declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (hereinafter the Stafford Act--42 U.S.C. 5721 et seq.) and the types of assistance they could authorize in response to terrorist incidents. This report also provides examples of Stafford Act declarations that have been issued for previous terrorist attacks. [...] The Stafford Act authorizes the President to issue two types of declarations that could provide federal assistance to states and localities in response to a terrorist attack: a 'major disaster declaration' or an 'emergency declaration.' [...] Major disaster declarations authorize a wide range of federal assistance to states, local governments, tribal nations, individuals and households, and certain nonprofit organizations to recover from a catastrophic event. Major disaster declarations must be requested by the state governor or tribal leader. [...] Emergency declarations are issued by the President to protect property and public health and safety and to lessen or avert the threat of a major disaster. Emergency declarations can be issued before an incident when a threat is detected (for example, before a hurricane makes landfall) to supplement and coordinate local and state efforts such as evacuations and the protection of public assets."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; McCarthy, Francis X.
2016-06-21
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Stafford Act Declarations 1953-2011: Trends and Analyses, and Implications for Congress [August 31, 2012]
"The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act authorizes the President to issue declarations that provide states and localities with a range of federal assistance in response to natural and man-made incidents. Since 1953 the number of declarations issued each year has steadily increased. For example, the average number of major disaster declarations issued from 1960 to 1969 was roughly 18 per year. In contrast, the average number of major disaster declarations issued from 2000 to 2009 was 56 per year. The highest number was declared in 2011, with 99 major disaster declarations. Declarations are of congressional concern for at least two reasons: (1) scrutiny of the budget has led to an awareness of expenditures for disaster assistance, and (2) some are skeptical that declarations are solely made to provide disaster relief. They argue that declarations have become political tools--especially during election years--to gain political favor. Advocates of this position point to incidents which, in their view, could have been handled without federal assistance. This report describes the declaration process and the types of declarations that can be declared under the Stafford Act: (1) Fire Management Assistance Grants, (2) emergencies, and (3) major disasters."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; McCarthy, Francis X.
2012-08-31
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SBA Disaster Loan Program: Overview and Possible Issues for Congress [September 2, 2011]
"Through its Disaster Loan Program, the Small Business Administration (SBA) has been a major source of assistance for the restoration of commerce and households in areas stricken by natural and human-caused disasters since the agency's creation in 1953. SBA offers direct loans to businesses to help repair, rebuild, and recover from economic losses after a disaster, but approximately 80% of the agency's approved direct disaster loans are made to individuals and households (renters and property owners) to help repair and replace homes and personal property. The SBA Disaster Loan Program includes four categories of loans for disaster-related losses: (1) Home Disaster Loans, (2) Business Disaster Loans, (3) Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL), and (4) Pre-Disaster Mitigation Loans. Home disaster loans are used by homeowners and renters to repair or replace their disaster-damaged primary residences or personal property. SBA regulations limit home loans to $200,000 for the repair or replacement of real estate and $40,000 for the repair or replacement personal property. Business disaster loans help businesses of all sizes and nonprofit organizations repair or replace disaster-damaged property, including inventory and supplies. […] This report also discusses some of the reforms contained in Title VII of H.R. 3854, the Small Business Financing and Investment Act of 2009, which passed the House on October 29, 2009, and was referred to the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. H.R. 3854 contains provisions intended to address some of the programmatic and policy issues associated with the SBA Disaster Loan Program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.
2011-09-02
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: California [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. California is part of Region IX, headquartered in Oakland, CA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Delaware [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Delaware is part of Region III, headquartered in Philadelphia, PA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Richardson, Daniel J.; King, Rawle O.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: District of Columbia [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. The District of Columbia is part of Region III, headquartered in Philadelphia, PA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Arkansas [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Arkansas is part of Region VI, headquartered in Denton, TX."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Richardson, Daniel J.; King, Rawle O.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Florida [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Florida is part of Region IV, headquartered in Atlanta, GA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Richardson, Daniel J.; King, Rawle O.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Connecticut [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Connecticut is part of Region I, headquartered in Boston, MA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Colorado [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Colorado is part of Region VIII, headquartered in Denver, CO."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Richardson, Daniel J.; King, Rawle O.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Georgia [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Georgia is part of Region IV, headquartered in Atlanta, GA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Hawaii [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Hawaii is part of Region IX, headquartered in Oakland, CA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Richardson, Daniel J.; King, Rawle O.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Louisiana [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Louisiana is part of Region VI, headquartered in Denton, TX."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Indiana [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Indiana is part of Region V, headquartered in Chicago, IL."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
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FEMA DRF Major Disaster Assistance: Kansas [January 28, 2015]
"The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the primary source of funding used to provide assistance following a major disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act (P.L. [Public Law] 93-288). The information below includes only the funding provided as a result of a major disaster declaration, not other assistance funded through the DRF. Additionally, this information does not include other federal sources of disaster assistance, such as Small Business Administration disaster loans. FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices around the country. Kansas is part of Region VII, headquartered in Kansas City, MO."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarthy, Francis X.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Brown, Jared T. . . .
2015-01-28
