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Defense Primer: Defense Working Capital Funds [Updated July 17, 2020]
From the Document: "Since 1870, the U.S. military has operated various forms of working capital funds to procure and provide materiel and commercial products and services to its forces. Authorized under Title 10, Section 2208, of the 'United States Code' (U.S.C.), a defense working capital fund (DWCF) is a type of 'revolving fund' that is intended to operate as a self-supporting entity to fund business-like activities (e.g., acquiring parts and supplies, equipment maintenance, transporting personnel, research and development) for the Department of Defense (DOD). DWCF transactions move hundreds of billions of dollars within DOD annually."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Herrera, G. James
2020-07-17
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Ripple Effects: Assessing Impacts of the Supreme Court's Risk Corridors Decision [July 16, 2020]
From the Summary: "Although most eyes tracking Affordable Care Act (ACA) litigation may be drawn to 'California v. Texas' during the Supreme Court's upcoming term, the Court handed down an ACA decision this past term that may have numerous ripple effects in other ACA cases and programs. Specifically, in 'Maine Community Health Options v. United States', the Court considered whether the United States is obligated, under the temporary Risk Corridors Program, to make payments to health insurance providers who offered coverage at a loss in the ACA's individual and small group markets. [...] [T]he Court held that the United States incurred obligations to insurers under the Risk Corridors statute for which insurers could obtain payment through litigation. This ruling is important in its own right for what it teaches about private parties' ability to sue the federal government to recover on statutory obligations, even when Congress has not provided for payment of such obligations outside of litigation. Notwithstanding the affirmance of this right, questions of the government's full liability for Risk Corridor payments could potentially linger for several years. Separately, the Court's decision may affect insurer claims for payment under the ACA's cost-sharing reduction (CSR) program, which compensates insurers to help cover the cost of required reductions in an insured's cost sharing. Finally, HHS [Health and Human Services] and insurers may need to consider how Risk Corridor settlements or judgments should be treated under the ACA's medical loss ratio calculation rules. This Sidebar examines each of these potential ripple effects in turn and notes considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Liu, Edward C.; Stiff, Sean M.
2020-07-16
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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions [Updated July 16, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant funds a wide range of benefits and services for low-income families with children. TANF was created in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193). This report responds to some frequently asked questions about TANF; it does not describe TANF rules (see, instead, CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RL32748, 'The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: A Primer' on TANF Financing and Federal Requirements, by Gene Falk)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Landers, Patrick A.
2020-07-16
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Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information [Updated July 16, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Congress has long been interested in the status of indigenous peoples abroad. In 1992, the 102nd Congress enacted H.R. 5368 (P.L. 102-391) requiring the State Department's annual human rights report to 'describe the extent to which indigenous people are able to participate in decisions affecting their lands, cultures, traditions and the allocation of natural resources, and assess the extent of protection of their civil and political rights.' Issues relating to indigenous peoples periodically have been considered in hearings focused on such issues as environmental protection, energy opportunities, and security cooperation. This report provides statistical information on indigenous peoples in Latin America, including populations and languages, socioeconomic data, land and natural resources, human rights, and international legal conventions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Davis-Castro, Carla Y.
2020-07-16
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Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 16, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Columbia-class program, a program to design and build a class of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 aging Ohio-class SSBNs. The Navy has identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021. The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests $2,891.5 million in procurement funding, $1,123.2 million in advance procurement (AP) funding, and $397.3 million in research and development funding for the program. The program poses a number of funding and oversight issues for Congress. Decisions that Congress makes on the Columbia-class program could substantially affect U.S. military capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-07-16
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Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress [Updated July 16, 2020]
From the Summary: "Names for Navy ships traditionally have been chosen and announced by the Secretary of the Navy, under the direction of the President and in accordance with rules prescribed by Congress. Rules for giving certain types of names to certain types of Navy ships have evolved over time. There have been exceptions to the Navy's ship-naming rules, particularly for the purpose of naming a ship for a person when the rule for that type of ship would have called for it to be named for something else. Some observers have perceived a breakdown in, or corruption of, the rules for naming Navy ships."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-07-16
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Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress [July 16, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) since FY1998. The one Virginia-class boat that the Navy is requesting for procurement in FY2021 would be the 33rd boat in the class. The Navy's FY2020 budget submission had projected that the Navy would request two Virginia-class boats in FY2021. Virginia-class boats scheduled for procurement in FY2019-FY2023 are being procured under a multiyear procurement (MYP) contract. Most Virginia-class boats procured in FY2019 and subsequent years are to be built with the Virginia Payload Module (VPM), an additional, 84-foot-long, mid-body section equipped with four large-diameter, vertical launch tubes for storing and launching additional Tomahawk missiles or other payloads."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-07-16
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Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Assistance [Updated July 16, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The majority of funding in the United States for both pre- and post-disaster mitigation comes from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which defines mitigation as 'any sustained action to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects.' Mitigation actions have a long-term impact, as opposed to actions that are associated with immediate preparedness, response, and recovery activities. Mitigation has been shown to save money. A recent study by the Multihazard Mitigation Council found that society saves $6 for every dollar spent on mitigation funded through major federal mitigation grants."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.
2020-07-16
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COVID-19 and Other Election Emergencies: Frequently Asked Questions and Recent Policy Developments [July 16, 2020]
From the Summary: "This report addresses frequently asked questions and policy developments surrounding 'election emergencies'. For the purposes of this report, election emergencies are defined as unexpected, rapidly developing, external events that could substantially interrupt normal voting, election administration, or campaigning. Examples include sustained natural disasters, major disease outbreaks, or certain attacks on election systems. There appears to be no modern precedent for a nationwide emergency in the United States, such as COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], affecting elections and voting. Election administrators do, however, routinely prepare for various contingencies. Prominent examples of recent election emergencies in the states include the 2001 terrorist attacks; Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005-2006; and an H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic in 2009. Effects from each episode varied substantially."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garrett, R. Sam, 1977-; Eckman, Sarah J.; Shanton, Karen L.
2020-07-16
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Cuba: U.S. Policy Overview [Updated July 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Since the early 1960s, when the United States imposed a trade embargo on Cuba, the centerpiece of U.S. policy toward Cuba has consisted of economic sanctions aimed at isolating the government. In 2014, the Obama Administration initiated a policy shift moving away from sanctions toward engagement and the normalization of relations.Changes included the rescission of Cuba's designation as a state sponsor of international terrorism (May 2015); the restoration of diplomatic relations (July 2015); and an easing of restrictions on travel, remittances, trade, telecommunications, and banking and financial services (2015 and 2016, accomplished through amendments to the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, administered by the Treasury Department, and the Export Administration Regulations, administered by the Commerce Department).The restoration of relations led to increased government-to-government engagement, with over 20 bilateral agreements and numerous bilateral dialogues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-07-16
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Nuclear Energy: Overview of Congressional Issues [Updated July 16, 2020]
From the Summary: "The policy debate over the role of nuclear power in the nation's energy mix is rooted in the technology's fundamental characteristics. Nuclear reactors can produce potentially vast amounts of useful energy with relatively low consumption of natural resources and emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. However, facilities that produce nuclear fuel for civilian power reactors can also produce materials for nuclear weapons. In addition, the process of nuclear fission (splitting of atomic nuclei) to generate power produces radioactive material that can remain hazardous for thousands of years and must be contained. How to manage the weapons proliferation and safety risks of nuclear power, or whether the benefits of nuclear power are worth those risks, are issues that have long been debated in Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Holt, Mark
2020-07-16
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State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) [Updated July 15, 2020]
From the Background: "The State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) provides funding to states for outreach, counseling, and information assistance to Medicare beneficiaries and their families and caregivers on Medicare and other health insurance issues. The national program is authorized under Section 4360 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, as amended (OBRA '90; P.L. 101-508; 42 U.S.C. 1395b-4). The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-76) transferred SHIP administration from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to the Administration for Community Living (ACL). This transfer reflected the existing formal and informal collaborations between the state SHIP projects and the networks that ACL serves."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Colello, Kirsten J.
2020-07-15
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United States Bankruptcy Courts: Recent Caseload Statistics [July 15, 2020]
From the Document: "This Insight provides information and statistics related to filings in the United States bankruptcy courts for the 12-month period ending March 31, 2020 (this is the most recent 12-month period for which data are available). This Insight provides information and data analysis related to judicial caseload statistics, but does not provide legal analysis."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McMillion, Barry J.
2020-07-15
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Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies: History, Membership, and Inaugural Activities [Updated July 15, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Every four years, on January 20 at noon, the President-elect is sworn in as President of the United States. Pursuant to the Constitution, the next presidential inauguration is set for Wednesday, January 20, 2021. Each year prior to an inauguration, Congress authorizes the creation of the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies (Joint Inaugural Committee). The Joint Inaugural Committee is responsible for the planning and execution of the swearing-in ceremony and for hosting an inaugural luncheon for the President and Vice President at the U.S. Capitol. The 2021 Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies was authorized by the 116th Congress (2019-2020) when S.Con.Res. 38 was agreed to on June 26, 2020. Pursuant to the concurrent resolution, the Joint Inaugural Committee consists of three Senators, appointed by the President of the Senate, and three Representatives, appointed by the Speaker of the House. The resolution further authorizes the committee 'to make the necessary arrangements for the inauguration of the President-elect and the Vice President-elect of the United States.' This report provides a history of the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, including committee membership, staffing, and inaugural activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straus, Jacob R.
2020-07-15
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COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Household Employment and Income [Updated July 15, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected households in numerous ways, including shuttering business and schools, resulting in an economic recession and loss of employment income. An experimental U.S. Census Bureau household survey has been fielded each week since late April to track the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on households. This Insight provides some data from that survey, as well as links to research on the pandemic-induced recession's effects on households and policy responses to them."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene
2020-07-15
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Presidential Succession: Perspectives and Contemporary Issues for Congress [July 14, 2020]
From the Summary: "Succession to the office of President of the United States is provided for by the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and Title 3, Section 19 of the U.S. Code (3 U.S.C. §19). [...] For some years prior to 9/11, and continuing since that event, observers and scholars of presidential succession have questioned certain aspects of existing succession law. Some of these center on the following issues. Do the Speaker and President pro tempore qualify as 'officers' under the Constitution's succession provisions? Are senior congressional leaders best qualified to serve as acting chief executive? Would the succession of a congressional leader of a different party than t he departed incumbent overturn 'the people's choice' in the previous presidential election? Would the nation be well served by the 'bumping' procedure described above? Has the nation taken adequate precautions in the event a candidate or candidates were to die or leave the ticket at any one of several stages between election day and the January 20 presidential inauguration? These and other related issues are examined in this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Neale, Thomas H.
2020-07-14
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International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use [Updated July 14, 2020]
From the Summary: "The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) provides the President broad authority to regulate a variety of economic transactions following a declaration of national emergency. IEEPA, like the Trading with the Enemy Act (TWEA) from which it branched, sits at the center of the modern U.S. sanctions regime. Changes in the use of IEEPA powers since the act's enactment in 1977 have caused some to question whether the statute's oversight provisions are robust enough given the sweeping economic powers it confers upon the President during a declared emergency."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Christopher A.; Fergusson, Ian F.; Rennack, Dianne E. . . .
2020-07-14
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Emergency Authorities Under the National Emergencies Act, Stafford Act, and Public Health Service Act [Updated July 14, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Supreme Court has explained that the President's authority 'must stem either from an act of Congress or from the Constitution itself.' Because Article II of the Constitution does not grant the Executive general emergency powers, the President generally must rely on Congress for such authority. Congress has historically given the President robust powers to act in times of crisis. These emergency powers are scattered throughout the 'U.S. Code' and touch on matters ranging from international emergencies to public health crises to natural disasters, among many other things. Many of these authorities are triggered from declarations made under three frameworks: the National Emergencies Act (NEA), the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act), and the Public Health Service Act (PHSA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Elsea, Jennifer K.; Sykes, Jay B.; Lampe, Joanna R. . . .
2020-07-14
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Israel's Possible Annexation of West Bank Areas: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated July 14, 2020]
From the General Assessment: "Israeli annexation of West Bank areas, if it occurs, could have a number of implications for U.S. policy and U.S relations with Israel, the Palestinians, Arab states, and other international actors. These implications depend largely on any annexation's timing, territorial extent, legal nature, and physical enforcement. Additional consequences would likely follow from Palestinian and other international responses, as well as the potentially significant impact on Jordan. Considerable debate within Israel focuses on whether the risks of annexation are justified by benefits beyond those that Israel already has from its de facto control over the West Bank areas in question. There are also broader implications for Palestinian national aspirations and the future of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Gaza, and for Israel's efforts to reconcile its actions with its self-proclaimed identity as both a Jewish and a democratic state."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Zanotti, Jim
2020-07-14
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North Korea's Nuclear Weapons and Missile Programs [Updated July 14, 2020]
From the Overview: "North Korea continues to advance its nuclear weapons and missile programs despite high-level diplomatic efforts and UN Security Council sanctions. In April 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said that nuclear and long-range missile testing was no longer necessary because the country had achieved its objectives. However, in the past two years, North Korea has increased the testing pace for its ballistic missile and submarine-launched systems. In late December 2019, Kim announced that, due to the United States' policies, 'there is no ground' for North Korea to continue to maintain its testing moratoria."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham; Ryder, Samuel D.
2020-07-14
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Tracking China's Global Economic Activities: Data Challenges and Issues for Congress [Updated July 14, 2020]
From the Summary: "The People's Republic of China (PRC or China) has significantly increased its overseas investments since launching its 'Go Global Strategy' in 1999 in an effort to support the overseas expansion of Chinese firms and make them more globally competitive. Since then, these firms--many of which are closely tied to the Chinese government--have acquired foreign assets and capabilities and pledged billions of dollars to finance infrastructure abroad. As a result, many in Congress and the Trump Administration are focusing on the critical implications of China's growing global economic reach for U.S. economic and geopolitical strategic interests. Some analysts see these Chinese activities as primarily commercial in nature. Others contend that the surge in global economic activity is also part of a concerted effort by China's leaders to bolster China's position as a global power and ensure support for their foreign policy objectives. There is also growing concern about the terms of China's economic engagement, particularly over the ways that Chinese lending may be creating unsustainable debt burdens for some countries and over how much of China's lending is tied to commercial projects and Chinese state firms that benefit from the investment."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schwarzenberg, Andres B.
2020-07-14
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Malawi: Elections, Key Issues, and U.S. Relations [July 14, 2020]
From the Document: "On June 23, 2020, 59% of voters in Malawi, a small, poor southeast African country, ousted incumbent President Peter Mutharika in favor of opposition presidential candidate Lazarus Chakwera during a rerun of a presidential election held in May 2019. The country's High Court ordered the rerun after annulling the 2019 vote in early 2020, citing a raft of serious irregularities. Mutharika, who won the 2019 election, called the decision a 'travesty of justice' and sought its reversal, but the Supreme Court rejected his appeal and upheld the High Court's ruling."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cook, Nicolas
2020-07-14
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Public Trust and Law Enforcement-- A Discussion for Policymakers [Updated July 13, 2020]
From the Summary: "Several high-profile incidents where there have been complaints of the use of excessive force against individuals and subsequent backlash in the form of civil unrest have generated interest in what role Congress could play in facilitating efforts to build trust between the police and the people they serve. This report provides an overview of the federal government's role in local police-community relations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
James, Nathan; Finklea, Kristin; Novak, Whitney K. . . .
2020-07-13
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Uyghurs in China [Updated July 13, 2020]
From the Document: "Uyghurs (also spelled 'Uighurs') are an ethnic group living primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in the People's Republic of China's (PRC's) far northwest. Uyghurs speak a Turkic language and practice a moderate form of Sunni Islam. The XUAR, often referred to simply as Xinjiang (pronounced 'SHIN-jyahng'), is a provincial-level administrative region which comprises about one-sixth of China's total land area and borders eight countries. The region is rich in minerals, produces over 80% of China's cotton, and has China's largest coal and natural gas reserves and a fifth of its oil reserves. The XUAR is a strategic region for the PRC's Belt and Road Initiative, which includes Chinese-backed infrastructure projects and energy development in neighboring Central and South Asia."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lum, Thomas G. (Thomas Gong), 1961-; Weber, Michael A.
2020-07-13
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Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 13, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is being developed by the Army and the Marine Corps as a successor to the High Mobility, Multi-Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), which has been in service since 1985. On October 28, 2008, awards were made for the JLTV Technology Development (TD) Phase to three industry teams: (1) BAE [British Aerospace] Systems, (2) the team of Lockheed Martin and General Tactical Vehicle, and (3) AM General and General Dynamics Land Systems. On January 26, 2012, the Army issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the JLTV's Engineering Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase. The period of performance for EMD contracts was 27 months, and the overall EMD phase was scheduled to last 33 months. Vendors were required to provide 22 JLTV prototypes for testing 12 months after contract award. The target cost for the base vehicle was $250,000, excluding add-on armor and other kits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2020-07-13
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Court Invalidates Louisiana Admitting Privileges Law [July 13, 2020]
From the Document: "In a recent decision, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a Louisiana law that required physicians who perform abortions to have admitting privileges at a hospital within 30 miles of the location where the procedure is performed. In 'June Medical Services v. Russo', a majority of the Court concluded that the law imposed an undue burden on a woman's ability to obtain the procedure. Justice Breyer authored an opinion, joined by Justices Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan, that relied heavily on 'Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt'--the Court's 2016 decision that invalidated Texas's admitting privileges law. Justice Breyer maintained that the laws being reviewed in 'June Medical Services and Whole Woman's Health' were 'nearly identical' and that the Louisiana law 'must consequently reach a similar conclusion.' In a separate opinion, Chief Justice Roberts concurred in the judgment, emphasizing that the legal doctrine of stare decisis required 'June Medical Services' to be decided like 'Whole Woman's Health'. At the same time, however, the Chief Justice reiterated his belief that 'Whole Woman's Health' was wrongly decided and criticized how the undue burden standard used to evaluate abortion regulations was applied in both cases."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2020-07-13
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COVID-19: Policy Options for Commercial Real Estate and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities Markets [July 13, 2020]
From the Document: "Recently, some Members of Congress have raised concerns over the commercial real estate (CRE) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) markets and have called on Treasury and the Federal Reserve (Fed) to address potential liquidity issues. Challenges in those markets are discussed in CRS Insight IN11427, 'COVID-19 Impact on Commercial Real Estate and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities,' by Andrew P. Scott. This Insight examines a few policy options for addressing these issues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
2020-07-13
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COVID-19: Measuring Unemployment [July 13, 2020]
From the Document: "Due to the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, unemployment has risen to levels unseen since the Great Depression, peaking at a rate of 14.7% in April before decreasing to 11.1% in June. The unemployment rate is seen as a crucial metric for judging policy outcomes, but confusion among many observers about how the unemployment rate is calculated has been exacerbated by COVID19 and the difficulties it has presented. This Insight discusses how unemployment data are collected and classified, delves into the challenges COVID-19 has introduced, and puts these issues into context with a brief look at recent unemployment trends."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Weinstock, Lida R.
2020-07-13
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Effect of COVID-19 on Federal Land Revenues [July 13, 2020]
From the Summary: "Four major federal land management agencies administer 606 million acres (95%) of the federal land in the United States (approximately 640 million acres). These agencies are the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and National Park Service (NPS) in the Department of the Interior (DOI) and the Forest Service (FS) in the Department of Agriculture. In addition, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), in DOI, manages access to approximately 1.7 billion offshore acres in federal waters on the U.S. outer continental shelf. The agencies administer their lands for a variety of purposes, primarily related to conservation, recreation, and development of natural resources. This report focuses on the potential impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on certain revenue-generating activities, federal payment and revenue-sharing programs, and federal assistance programs administered by these resource-managing agencies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hardy Vincent, Carol; Comay, Laura B.; Crafton, R. Eliot . . .
2020-07-13
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Tallying Federal Funding for COVID-19: In Brief [July 13, 2020]
From the Summary: "Four pieces of legislation have been enacted as of the date of publication that included federal funding for response to and recovery from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: [1] H.R. 6074, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020, signed into law as P.L. 116-123 on March 6, 2020. [2] H.R. 6201, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, signed into law as P.L. 116-127 on March 18, 2020. Division A is the Second Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020. [3] H.R. 748, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, signed into law as P.L. 116-136 on March 27, 2020. Division B is Emergency Appropriations for Coronavirus Health Response and Agency Operations. [4] H.R. 266, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, signed into law as P.L. 116-139 on April 24, 2020. Division B is Additional Emergency Appropriations for Coronavirus Response."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Painter, William L.
2020-07-13
