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Cybercrime: An Annotated Bibliography of Select Foreign-Language Academic Literature
"This bibliography evaluates major academic research studies on the prevalence of cybercrime and government efforts to stem its escalation, written in Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean (Republic of Korea), Russian, Swedish, and Ukrainian. The research studies define the various types of information technology--related crime, or cybercrime; discuss the ways in which cybercrime is uniquely different from traditional crime; and consider cybercrime's link to terrorism. The authors discuss the laws and conventions in force to counter cybercrime, evaluating their effectiveness. They assess the response of law enforcement to the escalation of cybercrime and the preparedness of government agencies to respond to the threats that cybercrime activities pose. In addition, the studies comment on how to achieve a balance between the governments' need to monitor the sharing of personal data and the obligation to protect intellectual property rights and the citizens' right to privacy."
Library of Congress
Curtis, Glenn E. (Glenn Eldon), 1946-; Elan, Seth L.; Dolan, Ronald E., 1939- . . .
2009-11
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Witness and Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the Library of Congress
"As the title of this exhibition suggests, Witness and Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the Library of Congress features the collections that the Library has amassed and is still receiving about the tragic events of one year ago. It is an exhibition that reveals much about the Library of Congress as an institution, its astounding collections, and its equally remarkable staff. At its core, this exhibition is the story of how the 9/11 materials in this national institution arrived here and today reflect what America has experienced while providing assurance that the record will be here in the future for America's citizens and others to recall and scholars to study. Within hours of the attacks in New York, Washington, DC, and Pennsylvania, offices within the Library mobilized to record and gather for posterity first-hand accounts and images. Other offices of the Library here and abroad collected the written and recorded reports of 9/11, acquiring in the process a wide-range of responses. Over the past year and in almost every section of the Library of Congress, staff have sought and received an abundance of original material including prints, photographs, drawings, poems, eye-witness accounts and personal reactions, headlines, books, magazines, songs, maps, videotapes, and films. The Library even acquired physical remnants from two of the attack sites. The collection of 9/11 material is in the tens of thousands and continues to grow steadily."
Library of Congress
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Ideological Context of U.S.-China Relations
In this webcast, Lanxin Xiang, Henry Alfred Kissinger Scholar in Foreign Policy, argues that in American policy circles the ideological context of Sino-U.S. relations is usually identified as democracy versus communist despotism.
Library of Congress
2004-06-16
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Universal Access to All Knowledge
In this webcast, "Brewster Kahle, digital librarian, director and co-founder of the Internet Archive, presents the second in this series of evening lectures on 'Managing Knowledge and Creativity in a Digital Context' featuring some of the best known experts in digitally networked communications."
Library of Congress
2004-12
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Library of Congress: United States Elections Web Archive
"The United States Elections Web Archive includes sites archived weekly during the election seasons since 2000, documenting sites associated with the Presidential, Congressional, and gubernatorial elections. The campaign sites archived for the U.S. Elections typically include social media channels as well, in order to provide a fuller representation of how candidates presented themselves via the Internet to the electorate. In previous United States Election web archive collections the Library of Congress included web sites of political parties, government, advocacy groups, bloggers, and other individuals and groups expressing relevant views - these types of web sites are now collected and presented separately in the ongoing Public Policy Topics Web Archive."
Library of Congress
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Library of Congress: September 11, 2001 Web Archive
"The September 11, 2001 Web Archive preserves the web expressions of individuals, groups, the press and institutions in the United States and from around the world in the aftermath of the attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001. The selected websites are comprised broadly of United States and non-United States government sites; press, corporate/business, portal, charity/civic, advocacy/interest, religious, school/educational, individual/volunteer, professional organizations sites; and others."
Library of Congress
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Federalist Papers [website]
"This web-friendly presentation of the original text of the Federalist Papers (also known as The Federalist) was obtained from the e-text archives of Project Gutenberg. [...]The Federalist, commonly referred to as the Federalist Papers, is a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison between October 1787 and May 1788. The essays were published anonymously, under the pen name 'Publius,' in various New York state newspapers of the time. The Federalist Papers were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution, which was drafted in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. In lobbying for adoption of the Constitution over the existing Articles of Confederation, the essays explain particular provisions of the Constitution in detail. For this reason, and because Hamilton and Madison were each members of the Constitutional Convention, the Federalist Papers are often used today to help interpret the intentions of those drafting the Constitution. The Federalist Papers were published primarily in two New York state newspapers: The New York Packet and The Independent Journal. They were reprinted in other newspapers in New York state and in several cities in other states. A bound edition, with revisions and corrections by Hamilton, was published in 1788 by printers J. and A. McLean. An edition published by printer Jacob Gideon in 1818, with revisions and corrections by Madison, was the first to identify each essay by its author's name. Because of its publishing history, the assignment of authorship, numbering, and exact wording may vary with different editions of The Federalist. The electronic text of The Federalist used here was compiled for Project Gutenberg by scholars who drew on many available versions of the papers. One printed edition of the text is The Federalist, edited by Jacob E. Cooke (Middletown, Conn., Wesleyan University Press, 1961). Cooke's introduction provides background information on the printing history of The Federalist; the information provided above comes in part from his work."
Library of Congress
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Nexus Among Terrorists, Narcotics Traffickers, Weapons Proliferators, and Organized Crime Networks in Western Europe
"This report describes linkages among narcotics-trafficking, weapons-trafficking, and terrorist activities of groups active in or directly connected with countries in Western Europe. Anecdotal evidence provides examples of transactions among various types of criminal organizations, terrorist organizations, and suppliers of narcotics and arms. Based on that evidence, the report evaluates current trends in such transactions and analyzes the implications and structures of relationships formed by the types of groups under consideration. The report, which covers events and trends of 2000-2002, relies heavily on reports in periodicals. Conclusions have been guided by the work of terrorism and criminology experts such as Tamara Makarenko, Nikos Passas, and Phil Williams."
Library of Congress
Curtis, Glenn E. (Glenn Eldon), 1946-; Karacan, Tara
2002-12
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Global Overview of Narcotics-Funded Terrorist and Other Extremist Groups
"This global survey, based entirely on open sources, is intended to provide an assessment of the nexus between selected anti-U.S. terrorist and extremist groups in the world and organized crime, specifically drug trafficking, and how this relationship might be vulnerable to countermeasures. More specifically, the aim is to help develop a causal model for identifying critical nodes in terrorist and other extremist networks that can be exploited by Allied technology. [...] To this end, the four analysts involved in this study have examined connections between extremist groups and narcotics trafficking in the following countries, listed by region in order of discussion in the text: Latin America: Triborder Region (Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay), Colombia, and Peru; the Middle East: Lebanon; Southern Europe (Albania and Macedonia); Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; and East Asia: Philippines. These are preliminary, not definitive, surveys. Most of the groups examined in this study have been designated foreign terrorist organizations by the U.S. Department of State. The exceptions may be the small Albanian insurgent groups and the Central Asian organization called the Hizb- ut-Tahir (HT)."
Library of Congress
Berry, LaVerle Bennette, 1942-; Curtis, Glenn E. (Glenn Eldon), 1946-; Hudson, Rex A. . . .
2002-05
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No Place to Hide: Behind the Scenes of Our Emerging Surveillance Society [webcast]
In this webcast, Robert O'Harrow, report for the Washington Post, discusses his book, 'No place to Hide: Behind the Scenes of Our Emerging Surveillance Society.' In his talk, O'Harrow discusses how the government, using advanced computer technology, is accumulating private marketing, medical, travel and other personal data on citizens as it steps up its fight against terrorism and what the impact of these practices is on traditional notions of civil liberties.
Library of Congress
2005-07
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Retreat from Armageddon? Khrushchev, Kennedy, Johnson and the Elusive Quest for Peace
In this webcast, Melvyn P. Leffler presents a lecture titled 'Retreat from Armageddon? Khrushchev, Kennedy, Johnson and the Elusive Quest for Peace.' According to Leffler, there were many attempts by policymakers in both Washington and Moscow to reduce the confrontational nature of the Cold War. Leffler analyzes the efforts of Nikita Khrushchev, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson and attempt to explain why they did not succeed. This analysis of the Cold War is the subject of a forthcoming book.
Library of Congress
2005-11-10
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New Iraq: Memory and National Identity Part 1
"A symposium, cosponsored by the Near East Section of African and Middle East Division, and the Iraq Memory Foundation, was held on Tuesday March 8, 2005. The symposium focused on the importance and the preservation of millions of documents from the Baathist archives of Iraq uncovered after the war in 2003. The keynote speaker was the Honorable 'Ala' al-Tamimi, the Mayor of Baghdad. There was a slide presentation shown at the symposium which displayed photographs and art works made by Iraqis depicting the scourge of war. Kanan Makiya, the Iraqi born President of the Iraq Memory Foundation who is in charge of preserving these documents in Baghdad, discussed the role and significance of memory. The Mayor of Baghdad talked about the importance in the life of Iraqis of the 'The Museum of Remembrance' that will house those documents, while Dianne van der Reyden, the Library's Director for Preservation, made a presentation on different threats to those documents and ways to preserve them for future generations."
Library of Congress
2005-03
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New Iraq: Memory and National Identity Part 2 [webcast]
In this webcast, "Kanan Makiya, the Iraqi born President of the Iraq Memory Foundation, who is in charge of preserving these documents in Baghdad, discusses the role and significance of memory. The Mayor of Baghdad talked about the importance in the life of Iraqis of the 'The Museum of Remembrance' that will house those documents, while Dianne van der Reyden, the Library's Director for Preservation, made a presentation on different threats to those documents and ways to preserve them for future generations. The symposium focused on the importance and the preservation of millions of documents from the Baathist archives of Iraq uncovered after the war in 2003. The keynote speaker was the Honorable `Ala' al-Tamimi, the Mayor of Baghdad. There was a slide presentation shown at the symposium which displayed photographs and art works made by Iraqis depicting the scourge of war."
Library of Congress
2005-03
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Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad
In this webcast, Fareed Zakaria, an influential policy adviser, discusses his latest book on illiberal democracy and the future of freedom.
Library of Congress
2003-04-16
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Leading with Courage and Compassion
In this webcast, Thich Nhat Hanh, a Zen Master, poet, peace and human rights activist, delivers a lecture on faith and leadership. This event was part of the annual Capps-Emerson lecture series organized by the Faith & Politics Institute to honor the work of Reps. Alter Capps and Bill Emerson, who died while serving in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Library of Congress
2003-09-10
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What Went Wrong… and Why: Relations Between Middle East and Western Nations [webcast]
In this webcast, Bernard Lewis of Princeton University and Mohammed Arkoun of the Sorbonne University discuss relations between the Middle East and the Western Nations.
Library of Congress
2002-05-07
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Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership [webcast]
In this webcast, Zbigniew Brzezinski, whom the Washington Post calls 'one of the nation's most important voices on foreign policy,' discusses his latest book, in which he encourages the United States to work effectively with other nations to achieve its ends.
Library of Congress
2004-04-22
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Changed World [webcast]
In this webcast, George Shultz delivers a lecture on a changed world and how we must adapt to this special moment in history. According to Shultz, the implications of our action in Iraq go for far beyond the case itself. The lecture was delivered at the third annual Kissinger lecture series.
Library of Congress
2004-02-11
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Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act: Title III -- Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know
This law is Title III of the Superfund Amendments and, Reauthorization Act. It discusses the establishment of state emergency response commissions, emergency planning districts, and local emergency planning committees.
Library of Congress
1986-10-17
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Concerning the Militia: Federalist Paper, No. 29
The Federalist, commonly referred to as the Federalist Papers, is a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison between October 1787 and May 1788. This essay was authored by Alexander Hamilton regarding the power of regulating the militia. The essays were published anonymously, under the pen name "Publius," in various New York state newspapers of the time.
Library of Congress
Hamilton, Alexander
1788-01-10
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International Drug Prices: Evidence from STRIDE
Most of the principal illicit drugs used in the United States are produced overseas, so international markets for these substances bear on U.S. drug availability, prices, use, and consequences. Prices are a key characteristic of these markets, but international drug price information in the open literature primarily consists of summary or representative figures cited in official publications. This paper seeks to augment that information base by systematically examining international price observations in the Drug Enforcement Administration's STRIDE database. Results are generally consistent with conventional reporting of these prices. Some evidence of quantity discounts (alternately, price markups along the distribution chain) is found in source and transshipment countries. Acknowledgements Data analyzed in this paper were provided by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). Methods employed were developed while the author worked at RAND's Drug Policy Research Center. Findings and those of the author alone, not of the ONDCP, Carnegie Mellon University, or RAND. 1Carnegie
Library of Congress
Caulkins, Jonathan P. (Jonathan Paul), 1965-
2003-04-04
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How Narcotics Traffickers Set Prices
The focus of this document is on how we can learn how narcotics traffickers set prices within the source and transit zones. When posing and answering this question, it is useful to first posit an economic model of drug markets and draw inferences from that model. To be useful, that model must be simple yet have implications that go beyond the trivial. The author then fills out the model by citing findings from studies done at his company. The author then shows how others have made significant contribution to understanding pricing behavior, but notes that a general review of the literature is beyond the scope of this paper. The author indicates that the studies he cites are illustrations, intended to show that well-crafted research can provide answers to questions about price setting. He closes with comments about why we do not know more about pricing behavior.
Library of Congress
Rhodes, William
2003-01-29
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Library of Congress Country Studies: Germany: Dissidence and Terrorist Activity [website]
Description: The Library of Congress maintains a series of country profiles. This is the section on dissidents and terrorists from Germany's country profile.
Library of Congress
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Library of Congress Preservation: Emergency Preparedness [website]
This Website provides information on emergency preservation processes for collections within the Library of Congress and archives during disaster situations.
Library of Congress
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Immigration Law Sanctions and Enforcement in Selected Foreign Countries: Brazil, Egypt, Japan, Mexico, Sweden, and Switzerland
"Illegal immigration is a worldwide problem that affects countries of differing legal background and at various stages of economic development. This report reviews the incidence of illegal immigration and its root causes as well as the sanctions of immigration law and the level of enforcement in Brazil, Egypt, Japan, Mexico, Sweden and Switzerland. A survey of the immigration laws and practices of Brazil, Egypt, Japan, Mexico, Sweden, and Switzerland reveals that Japan and Switzerland are most effective in enforcing their immigration laws. Illegal immigration is viewed as harmful in these countries and enforcement mechanisms include the registration of aliens by the local authorities. Mexico also has a register of aliens that is maintained by the federal authorities. The fingerprinting of visa applicants is relied upon in Switzerland and Sweden, and Japan plans on introducing it. Most surveyed countries use border controls and labor inspections, albeit with varying intensity and results. Mexico and Switzerland concentrate on the avoidance and discovery of fraudulent marriages. Enforcement of immigration laws is lax in Brazil and Egypt."
Library of Congress
2006-04
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Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy: Comparative Analysis [website]
From the website: "This survey describes the different legal approaches taken by eighteen countries and the European Union (EU) with regard to ownership, possession, and other activities involving firearms. The individual reports cover laws, regulations, and directives, in addition to statistical and other relevant information on gun control. The reports also address the availability or lack thereof of a constitutional right to bear arms under foreign law; the scope of firearms-related activities that are subject to licensing; conditions for the issuance of licenses, including background checks of the applicant's mental and criminal history; training, testing, and storage requirements; weapons bans; and registration procedures, including the use of a central register in some of the countries surveyed. Many reports describe legislative history and trends, which in some cases were influenced by rising crime levels or incidents of mass shootings. A bibliography of selected recent English language materials is included."
Library of Congress
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Library of Congress Coronavirus Resource Guide [webpage]
From the Website: "This is intended as a guide to laws, regulations and executive actions in the United States, at both the federal and the state level, and in various countries with respect to the new coronavirus and its spread. We are also including links to Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports that provide information to Congress about the novel coronavirus. In addition, we provide links to relevant federal agency websites."
Library of Congress
Wood, Margaret
2020-03-20
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Algeria, Morocco, Saudi Arabia: Response to Terrorism
From the Summary: "Acts of terrorism committed on September 11, 2001, and subsequent international actions caused many countries, including Algeria, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia, to enhance their counterterrorism policies through amending existing or enacting new laws related to the criminal justice system. All three countries have adopted broad definitions of terrorism, raising concerns that they could include acts of political dissent within the ambit of acts of terrorism. At various points they have also adopted criminal procedure provisions that lowered certain restrictions for investigations of crimes labeled as crimes of terrorism, made the financing of terrorism a separate offense, and required all suspicious financial transactions to be subject to scrutiny by special financial units before they are referred to the competent criminal authorities. In addition, Morocco and Saudi Arabia recognize that there is a religious component to the acts of terrorism committed by many terrorist organizations. They proclaim to have established special programs to seek to address this element of terrorism by means other than the criminal justice system."
Library of Congress; Law Library of Congress (U.S.)
2015-09
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Norway: Norwegian Criminal Law and the July 22, 2011, Massacre
From the Summary: "Anders Breivik, the suspect detained in the July bombing in the government district of Oslo, Norway, and subsequent mass killing on Utøya Island, near Oslo, may face charges under the country's Penal Code for terrorist crimes, carrying at present a maximum penalty of twenty-one years in prison, or for crimes of humanity, for which the ultimate penalty is thirty years. However, if certain conditions are met, those penalties may be extended five years at a time by means of a system of preventive detention. It is also possible that Breivik, if found to be mentally unfit, could be placed under compulsory mental health care for an indeterminate time. Whatever the nature of the charges against the suspect, however, it is likely that his actions and the determination of his punishment will engender debate in Norway about the adequacy of the criminal justice system to deal with large-scale threats to public safety from extremist elements in society. This report, which is based chiefly on English-language materials, examines some of the current legal provisions in Norwegian law that may apply in the Breivik case and concludes with a look at some of the possible social outcomes that have been posited."
Library of Congress; Law Library of Congress (U.S.)
2011-08
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Turkey: Recent Developments in National and Public Security Law
From the Summary: "In March 2015, Turkey's Parliament passed two major "package" laws, many of whose provisions tighten government control over national and public security in the country by amending a number of relevant laws. In particular, Law No. 6638 enhances police powers to conduct searches, use weapons, wiretap, detain individuals without a warrant, and remove demonstrators from scenes of protest. The Law also increases penalties for certain actions taken by demonstrators, provides for closer monitoring of car rental information by car rental companies, imposes more severe punishments for drug-related crimes, and authorizes governors to assume some of the same powers as prosecutors. In addition, Law No. 6638 provides for significant reform of Turkey's gendarmerie, including the notable step of transferring its control from the Turkish Armed Forces to the Ministry of the Interior. The other "package law," Law No. 6639, amends the Law on Internet Media Regulation to extend government control over the Internet, giving the Prime Minister and other relevant ministers the power to immediately request the removal of Internet content and/or blocking of a website when a court order for such action has been delayed and a risk to public or national security exists. The Law also addresses other Internet-related matters, electronic communications, and the processing of personal data and privacy protection, and amends the relevant article on covert operations funding in the Public Finance Management and
Control Law."
Library of Congress; Law Library of Congress (U.S.)
Zeldin, Wendy I.
2015-11
