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Brief Overview of FEMA's Public Assistance Program [May 1, 2020]
From the Document: "The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Public Assistance (PA) program provides financial assistance to states, tribes, and territories when authorized as part of an emergency or major disaster declaration by the President. PA's broad scope includes assistance for urgent response undertaken immediately before or after a hazard strikes, as well as long-term recovery assistance completed years later. PA was authorized in every U.S. state, territory, and the District of Columbia over the past decade. If authorized, a state, tribe, or territory becomes the PA primary grant Recipient. State, tribal, territorial, and local governments, as well as eligible nonprofit entities, may then apply for funding. Applicants must submit a request for grant funds to the PA primary grant Recipient, which evaluates the potential eligibility with FEMA. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act, P.L. 93-288, as amended) authorizes FEMA to reimburse not less than 75% of the eligible costs of specific types of disaster response and recovery work undertaken by eligible applicants. FEMA may recommend an increase of the federal cost share in extraordinary cases."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.
2020-05-01
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How FEMA Public Assistance Works [December 8, 2020] [infographic]
From the Document: "FEMA's Public Assistance (PA) reimburses eligible public and nonprofit entities for at least 75% of eligible response and recovery costs when authorized in a presidential emergency or major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act." The attached infographic outlines, "[1] What is Public Assistance (PA)? [2] How is PA funded? [3] How is PA authorized? [4] How is PA structured? and [5] How do applicants receive PA funds?"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.
2020-12-08
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Status of Puerto Rico's Recovery and Ongoing Challenges Following Hurricanes Irma and María: FEMA, SBA, and HUD Assistance [November 13, 2020]
From the Summary: "Three years after Hurricanes Irma and María, Puerto Rico is still recovering from the devastation to communities, homes and property, businesses, and infrastructure that was caused by the hurricanes. At the same time, Puerto Rico has faced destruction caused by an earthquake swarm, which began in 2019 and is continuing into 2020, as well as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These consecutive disasters have complicated response and recovery for each incident."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Cecire, Michael H.; Horn, Diane P. . . .
2020-11-13
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Food Banks and Other Emergency Feeding Organizations: Federal Aid and the Response to COVID-19 [June 25, 2020]
From the Document: "During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rising unemployment rates and other factors led an increasing number of Americans to seek food assistance. Food banks, food pantries, and other emergency feeding organizations--sometimes referred to as the 'charitable food assistance network'--are often the first place people go when they become food insecure, and these organizations have experienced an influx in demand during the pandemic. At the same time, they have had to address safety concerns resulting from COVID-19, often operating with fewer staff or utilizing the National Guard to distribute food, and setting up drive-through and mobile food distributions. While the charitable food assistance network relies heavily on private donations, federal programs also provide a significant source of food and revenue for emergency feeding organizations. The primary federal programs that support food banks and other emergency feeding organizations are administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Billings, Kara Clifford; Lee, Erica A.; Webster, Elizabeth M.
2020-06-25
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Stafford Act Assistance for Public Health Incidents [March 2, 2020]
From the Document: "This Insight provides a brief overview of presidential declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (hereinafter the Stafford Act--42 U.S.C. §5121 et seq.) that could be authorized in response to public health incidents. It also provides examples of Stafford Act declarations that have been previously issued to address public health hazards, including infectious disease incidents, which may be relevant to the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Lee, Erica A.
2020-03-02
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Potential FEMA Emergency Sheltering Options During the COVID-19 Pandemic [June 24, 2020]
From the Document: "Some hazards (e.g., hurricanes, wildfires) may result in evacuations and displacement of survivors. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), state, local, tribal, and territorial governments (SLTTs) are responsible for coordinating emergency sheltering support after a declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.). The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may complicate efforts to provide sheltering in typical congregate settings. This Insight discusses potential emergency sheltering models previously used by FEMA and challenges posed by COVID-19, as well as policy considerations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Lee, Erica A.
2020-06-24
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2020 Wildfire Season: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources [August 21, 2020]
From the Document: "This Insight provides a brief overview of Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) declarations and federal assistance programs that may be available for wildfires on nonfederal lands."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.; Lipiec, Eva; Hoover, Katie . . .
2020-08-21
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2020 Wildfire Season: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources [Updated August 28, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This Insight provides a brief overview of Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) declarations and federal assistance programs that may be available for wildfires on nonfederal lands."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.; Hoover, Katie; Lee, Erica A. . . .
2020-08-28
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Stafford Act Emergency Declaration for COVID-19 [March 13, 2020]
From the Document: "This Insight provides an overview of emergency declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (hereinafter the Stafford Act, P.L. 93-288, as amended; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.). It describes the forms of assistance authorized pursuant to President Donald J. Trump's March 13, 2020 emergency declaration under the Stafford Act in all U.S. states and territories in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Webster, Elizabeth M.
2020-03-13
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2020 Hurricane Season FAQ: Federal Disaster Assistance for Hurricanes During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated July 24, 2020]
From the Document: "This report provides answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding [1] emergency and major disaster declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.), including legal authorities and information related to the declaration request process; [2] types of assistance that may be available to state, territorial, and tribal governments, private nonprofit organizations, private entities, and individuals and households pursuant to a Stafford Act emergency or major disaster declaration; [3] considerations related to concurrently responding to a hurricane during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic; [4] the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF), the source of funding for the Stafford Act emergency and major disaster declarations; [5] other federal assistance that may be available through the Small Business Administration (SBA); and [6] additional references. The scope of this report is limited to assistance authorized under the Stafford Act. This report does not address other forms of federal assistance that may support response to and recovery from a hurricane."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Horn, Diane P. . . .
2020-07-24
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Potential FEMA Emergency Sheltering Options During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated October 5, 2020]
From the Document: "Some hazards (e.g., hurricanes, wildfires) may result in evacuations and displacement of survivors. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), state, local, tribal, and territorial governments (SLTTs) are responsible for coordinating emergency sheltering after a declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.). However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and FEMA acknowledge that the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may complicate efforts to provide emergency sheltering. This Insight discusses emergency sheltering models used by FEMA, COVID-19-related emergency sheltering policies, and challenges faced by SLTTs supporting emergency sheltering during the COVID-19 pandemic, and policy considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Lee, Erica A.
2020-10-05
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Stafford Act Emergency Declarations for Attacks on Federal Property [January 12, 2021]
From the Document: "In response to an attack (or other exigency) on federal property, the President may issue a declaration of an emergency under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 93-288, Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.). This Insight describes the types of federal assistance that may be provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under an emergency declaration to support response and recovery efforts following an attack on federal property and includes historical examples of such declarations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Webster, Elizabeth M.; Lee, Erica A.
2021-01-12
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Expiring State COVID-19 Emergency Declarations: Effects on Federal Aid [February 25, 2021]
From the Document: "Some states, tribes, and territories (hereinafter 'states') may consider rescinding or sun-setting their state-level emergency and disaster declarations, as states make progress in containing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Regardless of state decisions, the federal declarations of a public health emergency (under Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. §247d)), two national emergencies (under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. §1601 et seq.) and the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq., henceforth referred to as the Stafford Act)) and major disasters for each state (also under the Stafford Act) remain in place. This Insight examines the potential impact of lapsing state emergency declarations on the availability of federal aid, either generally or with respect to certain expenses, provided through the Stafford Act as well as five COVID-19 related supplements, including [1] the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-123); [2] the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA, P.L. 116-127); [3] the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136); [4] the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (P.L. 116-139); and [5] the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (P.L. 116-159)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stienstra, Lauren; Aussenberg, Randy Alison; Lee, Erica A. . . .
2021-02-25
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Brief Overview of FEMA's Public Assistance Program [Updated March 8, 2021]
From the Document: "The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Public Assistance (PA) program provides financial assistance to states, tribes, and territories when authorized as part of a presidential declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act, P.L. [Public Law] 93-288, as amended). PA's broad scope includes assistance for urgent response undertaken immediately before or after a hazard strikes, as well as long-term recovery assistance completed years later. PA was authorized in every U.S. state, territory, and the District of Columbia over the past decade. After PA is authorized, a state, tribe, or territory becomes the PA primary grant Recipient. State, tribal, territorial, and local governments (SLTTs), as well as eligible nonprofit entities, may then apply for funding as 'Applicants.' Applicants must submit a request for grant funds to the PA primary grant Recipient, which evaluates eligibility for PA with FEMA. The Stafford Act authorizes FEMA to reimburse not less than 75% of the eligible costs of specific types of disaster response and recovery work undertaken by eligible Applicants. FEMA may recommend that the President increase the federal cost share, where warranted."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.
2021-03-08
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FEMA Assistance for Vaccine Administration and Distribution: In Brief [March 12, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Beginning in March 2020, former President Donald J. Trump declared a national emergency, and subsequently declared major disasters for all 50 states, five territories, the District of Columbia, and one tribe for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act, as amended; P.L. [public law] 93- 288). Among the forms of assistance authorized under the Stafford Act declarations was Public Assistance (PA) for Emergency Protective Measures, including PA for vaccination-related costs (e.g., PPE [personal protective equipment] for vaccinators, vaccinator overtime or surge support). Upon assuming office, President Joseph R. Biden expanded the use of PA for vaccination-related costs by increasing the PA federal cost share and initiating an effort to use PA to open and expand vaccination sites. The first federally-run vaccination sites opened on February 16, 2021 (see Chronology [hyperlink]). This report provides a brief synopsis of FEMA PA for vaccination-related costs using available data to date."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.; Sekar, Kavya
2021-03-12
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2020 Hurricane Season FAQ: Federal Disaster Assistance for Hurricanes During the COVID-19 Pandemic [June 1, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 through November 30, and the peak months are mid-August through late October. The central Pacific hurricane season runs from June 1 through November 30, with the peak months being July through October. The eastern Pacific hurricane season runs from May 15 through November 30, with July through September being the peak. Although in the central and eastern Pacific, near- or below-normal season are most likely, in the Atlantic, an 'above-normal' hurricane season is predicted for 2020. Regardless of the forecast, one hurricane or tropical storm can cause a disaster. [...] This report provides answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding: [1] emergency and major disaster declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act [...]), including legal authorities and information related to the declaration request process; [2] types of assistance that may be available to state, territorial, and tribal governments, private nonprofit organizations, private entities, and individuals and households pursuant to a Stafford Act emergency or major disaster declaration; [3] considerations related to concurrently responding to a hurricane during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic; [4] the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF), the source of funding for the Stafford Act emergency and major disaster declarations; [5] other federal assistance that may be available through the Small Business Administration (SBA); and [6] additional references."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Horn, Diane P.; Lee, Erica A. . . .
2020-06-01
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Stafford Act Declarations for COVID-19 FAQ [April 22, 2020]
From the Summary: "On March 13, 2020, President Donald J. Trump declared an emergency under Section 501(b) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.) in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The declaration authorized assistance to all U.S. states, territories, tribes, and the District of Columbia. [...] This report provides answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding the Stafford Act disaster declarations made for COVID-19, federally available assistance, and sources of funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.; Webster, Elizabeth M.; Painter, William L.
2020-04-22
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Stafford Act Assistance for Public Health Incidents [Updated March 22, 2021]
From the Document: "This Insight provides a brief overview of presidential declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (hereinafter the Stafford Act--42 U.S.C. §5121 et seq.) in response to public health incidents. It also provides examples of previously issued Stafford Act declarations that address public health hazards, including the unprecedented declarations for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.; Lindsay, Bruce R.
2021-03-22
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