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State Civil Defense 1955
"...what assistance can be expected of friends, neighbors, and from the Government...we found that it was necessary that the people as a whole had to be educated as to what could be done to defend our country. A mere statement from the President that Civil Defense is one of the key elements of defense is not sufficient to carry with it the conviction that every man, woman, and child has a part to play in National Defense. We have found that it has been necessary to explain to the people what the role of the military is, and that the Continental Defense of the United States has been entrusted to the Continental Air Defense Command. Also, that an air battle must be fought, and that it must be won. We further teach that steps should be taken to minimize the losses in our great cities that will naturally be incurred from such a battle. A complete understanding of this role gives the average man confidence in himself and in the defensive forces of his country."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Huebner, Clarence R
1955-02-11
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Psychological Impact Of Atomic Attack On The United States
"It seems to me from reading past materials prepared by classes at the Industrial College that this talk will be most useful to you if it is put in terms of (1) what may happen to civilians; (2) what can be done to minimize the adverse consequences and maximize the good ones; and (3) in those areas where our ignorance is deepest, what answers should we be preoccupied with obtaining which would be most useful for future planning and thinking. I'll try to apply these criteria as we go along. Since your main concern today, as I understand it, has to do with the recuperative and operational capacity of our civilian population as they are affected by psychological factors, I will limit considerations of pre- and immediately postattack conditions to those factors which can affect civilian behavior from days to months afterwards. There are two factors with preattack behavior which can have important consequences as far as the longer run psychology of the survivors is concerned: 1) The effect of preattack behavior on the total number of casualties, and 2) The effect of this behavior on the state of mind of the survivors."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Michael, Donald N.
1955-05-04
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Psychological Effects Of Atomic Bombing
"The general question which I shall attempt to answer is the following one: In what ways, if any, do the psychological effects on the population need to be taken into account in planning that is designed to cope with possible enemy A-bomb and H-bomb attacks against this country? Perhaps the import of this question will become clearer ff I put it this way: Why not assume that only a limited set of essentially military problems need to be considered, namely, the active and passive defense measures that are necessary to give maximum physical protection to personnel and property? Why should we concern ourselves with the way people think, feel, and behave in large-scale bombing disasters?...Well, I came to realize that I was only half right - that the problem of panic is perhaps a good way to begin the discussion, but it would be quite wrong to allow the discussion to end with that topic. What I mean is this: The possibility of panic is certainly to be considered, but it would be a serious mistake to assume that this is the major psychological problem. And, it would be a mistake, I now believe, to orient national defense plans primarily in the direction of setting up police operations and other safeguards that would be needed if we were to assume that mass panic will become a widespread reaction in the event of an all-out war."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Jauis, Irving L.
1954-05-14
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National Civil Defense Plan
"The preparation of the United States for civil defense - both physically and psychologically - is of major concern to our Nation today. It presents a serious challenge, not only to our lawmakers and civil administrators but to industry and private citizens as well. It is of concern to the military because a strong civil defense means better support and greater military effectiveness."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Wadsworth, James J.
1952-01-18
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Civil Telecommunications
"The communications job in this country is handled by four, groups of companies. The telephone communications, both domestic and international, are handled by the Bell System. This system is a grouping of about 20 companies plus a second group which is comprised of Independent telephone companies, of which there are something between 5,000 and 5,500. These latter are generally the smaller companies, although they handle some of the larger cities as well, which operate in the smaller communities. All of the cities mad towns of these companies are completely interconnected with the Bell System. These two groups of companies also offer teletypewriter services for record communications. The third group handling domestic communications is Western Union which does the public telegraph business and also offers private-line telegraph and teletypewriter service. The fourth group of companies does the international record business. The Western Union, the Radio Corporation, American Cable and Radio, Press Wireless and others are in this group. They do the signal or telegraphic type of communications with the rest of the world."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Mapes, Charles M.
1954-03-03
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Civil-Military Relationships In The Atomic Age
"I should like to begin my lecture on civil - military relations this morning...I start this way not to be cute, but to highlight the ambiguity of the concept and the multitude of things which it may cover. The chief deficiency of the phrase is that it suggests a continuous gradation from a definite and fixed firmly civilian pole on the one hand to an equally definite and fixed and very remote military pole on the other. It implies that the relations between the military and civilian are like labor-management relations, or Soviet-American relations, where two concrete organized groups with real conflicting interests parry and bargain with each other. It thus suggests a basic dichotomy and opposition between the civilian and the military viewpoints...the concept of a basic opposition between military and civilian really breaks down, because, of course, there is no distinct common interest among civilians. The word civilian means simply nonmilitary. It denotes - I have to say this even though Im a civilian - a negative, not a positive quality. And the multiplicity of conflicting interests and outlooks among civilian groups means that frequently greater conflicts will exist between any two civilian groups than between any one of them and the military. The United States Steel Corporation sells steel to General Motors; and it must also sell steel to the United States Navy. And while there may be various differences in these two relationships..."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Huntington, Samuel P.
1957-09-04
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Panama and the Canal: U.S. Engaging in the 21st Century
"The decision to transfer control of the Canal to Panama is history and the transition is already in its final stages. Although this decision is now behind our nation, the important strategic question remains: Do we as a nation continue to have vital national security interests in Panama and the Canal, and are there policies we can formulate to advance these interests? I believe the answer is a resounding 'yes.' The Canal continues to have a vital role in our strategic interests not only in the stability and security of Latin America, but because of expanding trade with the emerging economic giants and international markets of the Pacific Rim, China and the Far East. It affects our global interests as well. The policy objective for our nation in Panama must be to remain effectively engaged in Panama politically, economically and diplomatically to ensure that the Canal and the Republic of Panama remain healthy during the next century. This means that the Canal must remain free and open to world trade, it must be properly maintained and modernized; and toils must be controlled at reasonable levels. Furthermore, Panama must remain democratic and economically independent."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Hughes, Robert H.
1996-04
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AY 2004 Industry Study Paper: The Aircraft Industry
"The aircraft industry now appears to have weathered the "perfect storm" of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), emerging somewhat battered but poised to begin a slow recovery in the coming years. Orders for new aircraft are up and thus revenues and profits should begin to climb in 2005, reversing declining trends since 2001. However, airlines remain under intense pressure to cut costs in order to remain profitable, forcing aircraft and engine manufacturers to adopt austere measures. Meanwhile, defense expenditures have received a boost from heightened security concerns and developing technologies such as unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs). The defense market will also continue to enjoy expansion as a result. The overall outlook for the aircraft industry now appears to indicate steady growth over the next decade and should provide sufficient demand for both Airbus' A380 and Boeing's 7E7, as well as the growing Regional Jet (RJ) market, albeit in an atmosphere of intense competition. However, security remains a top concern, as another terrorist attack on or involving passenger aircraft would have devastating long-term effects on the entire industry."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2004
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Land Combat Systems Industry Report: Industrial College of the Armed Forces Academic Year 2004-2005
"The end of the Cold War initiated an era of reevaluation and transformation as national strategic leaders sought to assess and respond to changing global challenges. The U.S. Land Combat Systems (LCS) industry is an integral part of the Department of Defense's continuing transformational efforts. After more than a decade of industry turmoil as evidenced by company downsizing and mergers, the LCS industry appears to have stabilized. For the surviving companies, the short-term economic prospects appear promising, given the few companies remaining and the high demand for land combat vehicles currently conducting operations in the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Moreover, continuing transformation efforts will potentially infuse $2 billion per year over the next 20 years to ensure the development, production, and fielding of land combat systems capable of rapid response to virtually any corner of the globe with a minimum logistics footprint."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Clifford, Jim; Coburn, Dave; Crenshaw, Craig
2005
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Role of Civil Defense and the Scope of Its Mission in U.S. National Security Strategy
"In our constantly changing world, and especially with the breakup of the Soviet Union, it seems timely to review the current status of the United States civil defense program with a primary focus being the future configuration of the program. Our current civil defense program evolved during a time when nuclear confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union was the primary threat to national security. This threat is now greatly diminished, but our civil defense program continues to emphasize attack-related emergencies with secondary emphasis on disaster-related emergencies. The National Security Strategy of the United States published by The White House in August, 1991 states that, 'Our civil defense program is still needed to deal with the consequences of an attack, while also providing capabilities to respond to natural and man-made catastrophes.' One might question whether we still need a civil defense program to deal with the consequences of attack. After all, who has the capability and will to attack the U.S.? On the other hand, natural and man-made catastrophes continue to affect our country. While these catastrophes may wreak havoc on a local area, it could be argued that they most likely would not directly impact our national security. Therefore, we must determine whether our civil defense program should continue to emphasize the 'consequences of an attack,' or whether it is more appropriate to shift its emphasis to 'natural and man-made catastrophes.'"
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Moore, John T.
1992-04
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National Security Policy Process: The National Security Council and Interagency System [2011]
"This report provides an annually updated description of the national security decision-making process of the U.S. government. Although decisions affecting our security have been made since the nation's birth, the foundations of the current system were laid following World War II with the National Security Act of 1947. This report briefly summarizes how the process has evolved since its creation under President Truman. It describes the current NSS [National Security Staff] organizational structure and processes, and defines the roles of the key departments and agencies, including that of the National Security Staff. Readers should keep in mind that the processes described in this report reflect, in general, the operation of the national security interagency system. However, at times, individuals and circumstances have produced idiosyncratic ways of doing business. Finally, the report discusses how the interagency process is incorporating the relatively new organizational structures associated with homeland defense and homeland security."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Whittaker, Alan G.; Brown, Shannon A.; Smith, Frederick C.
2011-08-15
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National Security Policy Process: The National Security Council and Interagency System [2007]
"This paper provides an annually updated report describing the national security decision-making process of the U.S. government. Although decisions affecting our security have been made since the nation's birth, the foundations of the current system were laid immediately following World War II. This paper briefly summarizes how the process has evolved since its creation under President Truman. It describes the current NSC [National Security Council] organizational structure and processes, and defines the roles of the key departments and agencies, including that of the National Security Council staff. Readers should keep in mind that the processes described in this paper reflect, in general, the operation of the national security interagency system. However, at times, individuals and circumstances will produce idiosyncratic ways of doing business. Finally, the paper comments upon how the interagency process is incorporating new organizational structures associated with homeland defense and homeland security."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Whittaker, Alan G.; Smith, Frederick C.; McKune, Elizabeth
2007-04
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National Security Policy Process: The National Security Council and Interagency System [2010]
"This paper provides an annually updated report describing the national security decision-making process of the U.S. government. Although decisions affecting our security have been made since the nation's birth, the foundations of the current system were laid following World War II with the National Security Act of 1947. This paper briefly summarizes how the process has evolved since its creation under President Truman. It describes the current NSS [National Security Staff.] organizational structure and processes, and defines the roles of the key departments and agencies, including that of the National Security Staff. Readers should keep in mind that the processes described in this paper reflect, in general, the operation of the national security interagency system. However, at times, individuals and circumstances have produced idiosyncratic ways of doing business. Finally, the paper discusses how the interagency process is incorporating new organizational structures associated with homeland defense and homeland security."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Whittaker, Alan G.; Smith, Frederick C.; McKune, Elizabeth
2010-10-08
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2004: Shipbuilding
"In a five month long study of the shipbuilding industry, the 2004 Shipbuilding Industry Study Seminar of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces at the National Defense University was tasked to determine the status"the strengths and weaknesses" of this key strategic industry. In the studied opinion of this group of mid- and senior level Department of Defense (DoD) officers and civilians, and two distinguished foreign military officers, it is time to signal an alarm for U.S. shipbuilding. Although able to provide the minimum new construction, repair and maintenance of the Naval forces to support the current 'National Security Strategy,' this national industry, as a whole, is in peril. During this study, representatives of the U.S. Navy, USCG, commercial industry, labor, congress, and lobbying groups presented their views, concerns and recommendations. Throughout the visits and briefings, it became quickly obvious that there were three major areas that warranted attention: 1. Infrastructure, to include the tremendous facilities and large capital investment for dry docks, enclosed areas for erection of sections of vessels, automated steel cutting, welding and bending machines; 2. Personnel, including demographics, unions, and attracting and retaining skilled labor; and 3. Physical security at facilities with large waterfronts."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2004
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2004: Biotechnology
"The United States is the world leader in the biotechnology industry in all aspects and biotechnology is quickly becoming a major industrial player in the U.S. and globally. The biotech arena touches multiple facets of a number of industries: medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, defense and others. Biotechnology is still an immature industry that has yet to reach its potential, but will likely have an impact on almost every aspect of the U.S. economy and our way of life in the future. With the mapping of the human genome, medical discoveries occur daily " pure science, new medicines, and genetically enhanced products designed to save lives. Biotech agriculture is a possible solution in the face of increasing global population to food shortages that will not be met by the Green Revolution of the past century. Biotechnology holds promise for a cleaner environment through genetically engineered plants and targeted bioremediation. Biotechnology is greatly affected by government investment in basic science, regulation, and product approval processes " which drives a unique business model. While the U.S. is the world leader, international competitors are gaining ground. Biomedical technologies have the potential to relieve human suffering and solve a range of societal problems. However, some of these technologies are controversial, such as stem cell research and cloning) and raise ethical, moral and social issues. Potential dual use of biotechnology complicates the effort to craft effective non-proliferation policies and mitigate bio-weapons threats. Biotechnology has the potential to revolutionize all aspects of our daily of life over the next two decades, in much the same way information technology did during the previous two decades."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2004
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Transforming to Secure Our Nation
"In one-way or another, every individual is constantly transforming. We may change our eating habits, decide to exercise more, make a conscious decision to go back to school, start saving money, or take better care of our family. It is important to remember that not all transformations are large and distinctive. Some transformations occur as small, evolutionary changes that build over time. Transformation is a new way of thinking about, approaching, preparing for, and executing your responsibilities. The keys to transformation are simple -fire, set a goal and then find the most efficiency path to achieve that goal; and second, once a goal is clearly defined, change or shorten the cycle time of implementing the change. That goal could be a personal goal or, as will be discussed here, a goal to secure our nation's future."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Guy, Carolyn L.
2003-03-11
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Surprise Attack: The Case of the Yom-Kippur War
"The issue of strategic surprise and specially the subject of surprise attack are some of the most complex problems that policymakers, militaries and intelligence analysts have to face. This is particularly true for states such as Israel, as it was demonstrated during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. Israel was taken by surprise which effected the beginning of the war, as well as the final results. From the Israeli perspective the basic problem was rooted in the imbalance between the size of the Arab and the Israeli military and the asymmetry seen from a geographical perspective. The IDF (Israeli defense forces) is primarily based on reserve forces, whereas the Arab militaries are mainly active. Therefore the deployment of the Israeli reserves depends on early warning, a decision of mobilization and its execution. Moreover, Israel has no strategic depth and its vital objectives are very close to the borders. These factors indicate the significance of the surprise attack and the need for intelligence warning, as a fundamental issue in the national security doctrine."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Chorev, Moni
1996
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2003: Shipbuilding
"The United States Shipbuilding Industry is a dichotomy. The US builds the world's most technologically advanced warships but remains non-competitive in the large commercial vessel international market. High labor and material costs and low productivity have essentially erased the global market share for large US-built commercial ships. On the other hand, cheap labor and materials, smart business practices, and heavy government investment have led to substantial market shares for the Asian rim. Fortunately, the lack of a viable commercial market doesn't negatively impact US national security, but keeping the industry afloat does affect the nation's economy."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2003
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2002: Shipbuilding
"The United States produces the best military warships in the world but remains uncompetitive in the production of large commercial vessels. As a maritime nation, continued preeminence in military warship construction is an essential element of the National Security Strategy. The lack of a viable commercial shipbuilding industry does not directly impact the National Security Strategy. However, the cost of maintaining excess military shipbuilding and repair capacity and the costs associated with maintaining a non-competitive commercial shipbuilding industry do impose increasingly high opportunity costs on national security resources."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2002
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AY 2003-2004 Agribusiness: Industry Study Final Report
"Although not intuitively obvious, agribusiness remains a critical component, not only in the overall U.S. economy, but to national security as well. American consumers often take food for granted, demanding more variety and convenience from the nation's food supply system. Even though the U.S. is blessed with an abundant food supply, any nation unable to feed its citizens or its armies puts its own sovereignty at peril. Much more than the Norman Rockwell version of an American farmer, agribusiness is big business, encompassing everything from the 'farm to the fork.' Technological innovations over the past century have led to an unprecedented increase in productivity. As agribusiness becomes more global, it faces increased competition, questioning the industry's ability to sustain itself into the next century. In order to meet the challenges, agribusiness is turning more to vertical and horizontal integration, technology and government intervention to remain competitive. This study assesses the industry by focusing on the 'value chain,' the trends, the challenges, as well as the opportunities faced throughout agribusiness. As a matter of key importance to the industry, this report also focuses on food safety/agro-terrorism, biotechnology, trade and the changing American eating habits."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2004
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Transportation Industry 2004
"This paper presents a strategic-level examination of the transportation industry--an industry vital to national prosperity and security. Because the defense sector relies on commercial transportation for both peacetime activities and for power projection, senior military leaders must understand the global transportation industry and the environment in which the private sector operates. They must also assess the role of government in determining transportation policy, as federal, state and local agencies regulate every mode of this industry. While the U.S. transportation industry functions well today, the industry must address several challenges, particularly in light of forecasts that global trade will double by 2020. Issues common across all modes of transportation include the growth of intermodal transport, the capital-intensive nature of the industry structure, the need to carefully focus technological investment, planning for infrastructure capacity, replacing an aging workforce, and coping with uncertain fuel costs. As the economy recovers from the recession of the past few years, transportation executives generally feel that 'business is good.' Orders for shipments have increased significantly, and transportation demands often serve as a barometer for overall economic health. Security concerns following the terrorist attacks of September 11 require transportation leaders to regularly conduct risk assessments and provide additional security when warranted. These initiatives have been prudently balanced with the need to provide reliable, cost-effective transportation to fuel the economic engine of the U.S."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2004
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2002: Construction
"The construction industry grew at a moderate pace during the last twelve months, in spite of a weakening economy and chronic shortages of skilled and semi-skilled labor. The economic stimulus package adopted in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks--notably a series of interest rate reductions--resulted in a sharp increase in housing construction and renovation, offsetting a downward trend in commercial construction. The terrorist attacks also stimulated a renewed interest in applied research and development aimed at improving materials and construction techniques to mitigate the potential damage of future terrorist attacks on American infrastructure. Industry data show evidence of a continuing trend towards consolidation through acquisitions and mergers, forcing smaller construction-related companies to increase their productivity to remain competitive. This trend is driving an accelerated use of information technology tools, particularly at the interface between construction design and scheduling, in an industry-wide effort to improve the efficiency and predictability of project delivery. Finally, as State and local governments find it increasingly difficult to raise revenues to build and maintain needed infrastructure, alternative financing mechanisms involving the private provision of traditionally public services are becoming more widespread."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2002
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National Security Strategy: A Flawed Guide to the Future
"The Goldwater-Nichols Defense Department Reorganization Act of 1986 requires the executive branch to periodically provide written documentation of the United States National Security Strategy (NSS). The George W. Bush administration released its first NSS in September 2002. The NSS starts with a letter from the President and then is organized around nine primary objectives. The effects of 9/11 and the emphasis on global terrorism are unmistakable. The talking heads in the media who focused, their critiques on the overt statement of a policy of preemption missed the forest for the trees. The Bush 43 NSS is an arrogant short-term military focused document that fails to provide a comprehensive strategic vision for applying all the elements of national power to protect and enhance our enduring national interests. This paper justifies that critique by a discussion of misalignment between NSS goals and national interests, flaws with specific NSS objectives, and the need for a greater economic emphasis. Integrated throughout the discussion are general and specific ways to correct our approach to world affairs."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Leahy, Michael B., Jr
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Lessons Learned from Operations Alert 1955-57
"Operation Alert was a management tool used to evaluate the caliber of government planning for emergency situations. This tool was predicated on previous lessons learned in civil defense, namely that government-wide participation in the development of civil defense plans was mandatory and that we must plan during times of peace for that which we will not have time to do after hostilities have commenced. In the course of the exercise of Operation Alert, lessons were learned in a number of key areas, including: Relocation and evacuation; Communications facilities and processes; Organizational and leadership structures and strategy; Military assistance to civil authorities; Disaster response; Administrative capabilities; Resource data and damage estimates; Transportation; Attack warning systems; Damage assessment; Economic policy - foreign and domestic, and; Major policy problems."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Harris, Innis D.
1958-04-30
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2003: Agribusiness
"Agribusiness is a vital segment of US commerce, a critical part of American infrastructure, and an often overshadowed component of our national security strategy. Its importance to the US has been likened to that of oil to the Middle East. History demonstrates that a nation able to feed its own citizens is inherently stronger and thus able to provide a safer and more secure society. US agribusiness leads the world, yet faces continued competition in an environment of technological change and global agribusiness consolidation. This report assesses the entire industry while focusing on four key areas: water use, land management, grains and fibers, and food safety and security."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2003
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2002: Biotechnology
"The biotechnology industry is critically important to the development of products that will improve health care, agriculture, industrial processes, environmental remediation, and biological defense. Biotechnology has been responsible for medical breakthroughs benefiting millions of people worldwide through the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and other drugs, and to new varieties of pest-resistant crops. Biotechnology will continue to contribute to homeland defense and national security by providing tools needed to develop a new generation of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics for defense against bioterrorism. Biotechnology contributes to the success of the United States as a global leader in research and development and international commerce and will be an important catalyst for creating more high-skilled jobs throughout the 21st century."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2002
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2003: Biotechnology
"Biotechnology is a discipline that integrates biology, chemistry, physiology, information technology, engineering, and nanotechnology with the potential to revolutionize every aspect of modern life. This critical sector of United States industry is developing products that will improve health care, agriculture, industrial processes, and environmental remediation and provides the foundation of national biological defense. Millions of people worldwide benefit from revolutionary vaccines, antibiotics, drug therapies, and new medical devices. Agricultural advances include crops engineered to be pest resistant, to survive extreme climates, and to produce additional nutrients or therapeutics. Biotechnology, from vaccines to sensors to biometrics, is a cornerstone of homeland defense. However, many ethical issues abound, from stem cell research limitations to acceptance of foodstuffs from genetically modified crops to policies for vaccination against bioterrorism. Because of long product research, development, and testing times, many promising ideas run out of cash. In the wake of a financial downturn, venture capitalists are cautious, and many small companies simply expire. Inefficiencies plague huge investments made by the U.S. government. Despite economic challenges, the biotechnology industry is poised to be a major factor in the growth of pharmaceutical and agriculture sectors of the U.S. economy. As we enter the "Era of the Biomolecule," the United States must implement policies and allocate resources to maintain its lead in biotechnology for national security and economic power."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2003
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Biological Weapons and Modern Warfare
"Biological warfare, or the intentional use of living organisms or their toxic products in a destructive manner, has always been a subject of considerable discussion. This paper reviews the history of the development and use of biological agents and their toxins, with specific reference to the U.S. biological warfare program. This effort began in 1941 and evolved into a military-driven research and acquisition program, shrouded in controversy and secrecy. With the Presidential decision in 1969 to halt offensive biological weapons production, and the agreement in 1972 at the international Biological Weapons Convention to never develop, produce, stockpile, or retain biological agents or toxins, the program was modified into a defensive program. However, the scientific breakthroughs in biotechnology during the 1970s and 1980s that permitted the genetic sequencing and synthesis of toxins, and the continuing effort by the Soviet Union and several other nations to develop and stockpile such weapons made the future of biological warfare unclear. This paper discusses the requirements, advantages, and disadvantages of biological agents in modern warfare; the strategic, tactical, resource, and human implications of such warfare; the current threat facing the U.S.; the technological advances that have impacted on offensive and defensive programs; and the ethical Issues surrounding use of such weapons. The military importance of continuing a well-defined research effort is emphasized."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Takafuji, Ernest T.
1991-04
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Information Technology Industry 2004
"Forging an unprecedented partnership between the public and private sectors is essential to protect the vital interests of the United States in the wake of the ongoing Information Technology Revolution. This study will define the Information Technology Industry, give an overview of current domestic and international conditions, and then analyze the state of national network security and challenges faced by the U.S. government and U.S. and international businesses and corporations in building a secure, yet productive and innovative partnership. Particular emphasis will be placed on industry issues with national security implications."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Altieri, Richard T.; Buccheit, Nathan; Burke, Kyle
2004-01
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Port Development in Latin America: A Key to U.S. Objectives
"Ports are complex arrangements of narrowly focused activities organized in whatever manner possible that allows each participating organization to meet its objectives. Because of this convergence of activity in seaports and airports, each person, each group, and each organizational entity bent on completing a set of tasks can benefit from corollary actions of others pursuing seemingly different ends. The priorities of the port involve issues not far removed from regional and national goals. Border security, quotas for industrial protectionism, immigration controls, national revenue collection, infrastructure development, and contraband interdiction, are just some of the policy issues that affect ports everyday and complicate the simple functional matrix of port organization. Yet in Latin America, it is this overlay of public policy issues upon existing and functioning port-based organizations that offers the port such remarkable potential for generating more effective host-nation programs while fostering new strategies and directions that meet growing U S interests in the region."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Boetig, Allen K.
1992-04
