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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Environment
The U.S. environmental industry is a diverse collection of services
and technologies struggling in a highly competitive and mature domestic
market. Today, U.S. environmental practices are not simply the products
of a distinct industrial sector, but rather reflect good business decisions in
all sectors. The shift to prevention rather than cleanup has resulted in a
flat domestic U.S. market. This has forced the environmental industry to
look internationally for growth and opportunities, primarily in
developing nations. These nations have huge demands for infrastructure
projects, especially solid waste disposal, wastewater treatment, and the
production of potable water. Because of cultural differences, limited
resources, and uncertainty within the market, however, U.S. industry
does not appear to have a competitive advantage.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Land Combat Systems
Existing ground combat platforms represent the most technically
sophisticated, lethal, and survivable fleet of weapons systems in any
military force, past or present. The land combat vehicle (LCV) industry,
however, is in decline, characterized by low production rates,
constrained demand, and uncertainty over new technologies. A high
degree of global competition complicates market strategies. Corporate
survival depends on seeking efficiencies through downsizing, expanding
product lines, negotiating mergers and partnerships, and adapting current
processes for low-rate, high-mix production. Despite these strategies,
substantial, costly overcapacity remains, which could translate into
monies for research and development (R&D). Current production
contracts can sustain the industry for 5 years, but without a consensus
for new vehicle manufacture or a robust modernization program, the
industry may not retain a viable manufacturing capability in the future.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Education
Education is important to the US because it develops our most
valuable resource, our people. It provides our youth the basic knowledge
necessary to function productively in our society; it bridges the learning
environment and the work place; it prepares working adults to transition
from one work experience to another; and it is the foundation of our
democratic form of government. As we approach the 21 st century, the
ability of our current system of education to adequately perform those
roles has been questioned. Our schools must shed the outmoded methods
they have used for more than 150 years to respond to emerging
technological advances, changes in the American economy, and
increasing global interdependence. Although myriad solutions to the
perceived ills of America's education systems have been proposed and
attempted, none have proven universally satisfactory.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Energy
Energy is a global commodity and the lifeblood of modern
economies. Prosperity in America depends on our ability to manage
energy to strengthen the competitiveness of our economy, protect our
environment, and keep our nation secure. Reliable and affordable energy
supplies maintain the lifestyle Americans enjoy. The study group is
proud to report that the US energy industry is vibrant, strong, and
dynamic. This report is forward-looking in that it addresses the
significant challenges facing the nation during the next 20 years and
recommends policy for future action. The group's recommendations
focus on the following goals: proactive support to the energy industry,
balancing economic prosperity with environmental protection, and
ensuring international energy security. Additionally, the group offers
specific thoughts on securing the energy resources in the new frontier of
the Caspian Basin.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Construction
The construction industry is the nation's largest manufacturing
sector. It experienced its seventh year of growth in 1997. Competition is
extremely keen both at home and abroad with many small firms and a
few large, globally competitive firms at the top. There is continued
consolidation among mid-sized firms as larger firms have adopted
acquisition and diversification as a strategy for growth. Globally, despite
the economic slowdown in Asia, the US remains competitive on the
strength of its design and management firms and their use of information
technology and innovative construction methods.
Our nation's infrastructure remains in need of critical repair and
expansion. With the advent of balanced federal budgets, there is a
growing willingness to fund these projects. Privatization and Design-
Build-Operate variations are also keys to funding this development.
Firms that can bring risk sharing, financing, and engineering expertise to
the table will retain a competitive advantage. Technology advancement is
necessary to keep costs in check in overhead and construction.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Environment
The US environmental industry is a diffuse collection of
services, manufacturers, and other resources - - more than 115,000 firms
and organizations in a $450 billion global market. It is becoming less a
distinct industrial sector and more a better business practice. For years,
domestic pollution remediation dominated the industry. The progress of
domestic cleanup and the fact that pollution prevention is often cheaper
than remediation have refocused market opportunities overseas in
pollution avoidance. Amidst this evolution, the US and other nations
agreed in Kyoto in 1997 to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse
gas emissions. This report addresses the state of the environmental
industry and the impacts of implementing the Kyoto agreement in terms
of competitiveness, market opportunities, and national security. It speaks
to evolving and interrelated challenges in deploying new technologies,
penetrating foreign markets, establishing and enforcing standards, and
gaining multilateral cooperation.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Electronics
The electronics industry is multifaceted - from children's game
software to elements of major weapons systems. It includes many of the
most innovative and profitable companies in the US, but embodies some
of the biggest problems facing the nation--a paucity of trained technical
workers; issues of market control; problems associated with rapid
obsolescence, particularly of military components; and concerns about
international alliances and national power. The computer and
semiconductor sectors are among the most robust in the world,
generating billions in profits and ushering hundreds of millions of people
into the 21 st century. Computers are becoming ubiquitous; soon it will be
practically impossible to tell where the computer ends and the home
appliance, entertainment unit, medical apparatus or communications
device begins. The software sector continues to feature innovation and
excitement unknown in most industries. It is impossible to imagine any
realm of life that the electronics industry is not changing profoundly.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Biotechnology
The US continues to be the dominant leader in the field of
biotechnology. Discovery and innovation have resulted in significant
enhancements to our quality of life and contributed considerably to our
current economic posture making American biotechnology the
benchmark for society. As we enter the next century, our robust
economy will continue to be the preeminent pillar of our National
Security Strategy with biotechnology playing a key role in sustaining the
US economy. However, success within the biotechnology industry does
not come without failure. The industry is undergoing a dynamic period
of competition, cooperation, and collaboration as it struggles to achieve
economic efficiencies. Governments and industry are achieving
significant progress, but problems relating to international acceptance,
financing, and the more difficult ethical arguments remain.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Aircraft
The domestic aircraft industry is one of the US strongest strategic
assets that underpins our national defense and economic power. The
strength of US national security strategy rests on America's unmatched
heavy lift and combat airpower. Aircraft production is a crucial
component of the economy, generating 1.2% of GDP and 6.5% of US
export sales. The global industry is coping with significant restructuring,
shrinking supplier base, increased international competition, and
divergent market trends for commercial and military aircraft, and
changing government roles. The industry restructuring is occurring as
companies merge and shed noncore business activities to reduce costs
and become more competitive in the global market. Some countries are
undergoing increased privatization of their industries, while others are
dealing with an expanded government role in protecting key industrial
capabilities. This analysis focuses on these challenges and their impact
on the fixed wing, rotary wing, and engine sectors of the industry.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Information
The ability to access and use information is a prerequisite for economic
prosperity and national power. As information systems permeate all aspects
of business, society, and warfare, they enhance the productivity of U.S.
industry, change the way people live, and contribute to a revolution in
military affairs. Maintaining U.S. leadership will require the utmost in
technology and business acumen in a dynamic economy with accelerating
product life cycles and increasingly sophisticated global competition.
Projections indicate the information industry is well poised for the
challenges of the 21st century, facilitated by government advocacy of open
markets, deregulation, privatization, establishment of global trade rules, and
a vision for the future. However, additional effort is required in developing a
world class education system for the 21st century work force and
establishing policies for data assurance. The industry is well prepared to
support U.S. security needs. The nation that leads the information revolution
will also be a most powerful nation.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Health Care
A healthy population is a national resource that contributes to the
overall productivity of the American economy. Health care is part of the
service sector and an instrument of national power--a fundamental
support of the national security strategy for the citizens and the Armed
Forces. The challenges facing the health care industry in the public and
defense sectors are congruent. Access to affordable, quality care is
fundamental to any health care delivery system. In this era of constrained
and competing resources, the need arises for a general public policy
debate about the future of health care and the possibility for, and
direction of, a gradual, but comprehensive reform. The greatest
challenge to military medical capability is maintaining the resources,
structure, modernization, and sustainability of medical assets, including
the right people, training, and equipment. But an even greater challenge
to the industry is to remember that the patient and human need are its
"raison d'etre."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Environment
For the past twenty years, the energy picture in the United States has
been colored largely by the oil shortages of the 1970s. The next twenty
years are likely to be framed by an increasingly difficult clash between
economic growth and environmental protection. This report recommends
scientific study to better estimate the health and environmental effects of
energy production methods and use, including a reevaluation of nuclear
energy; public debate on the alternatives, and taxes to compensate for
adverse environmental effects. Moreover, to ensure the global
effectiveness of these measures, we suggest treating them as national
issues first. We propose a concentration of federal research and
development in basic energy research and development in basic cnergy
research with greater international collaboration; and we urge
government to discontinue the strategic petroleum reserve and accelerate
the deregulation of natural gas and electricity. Finally, we suggest
alternative strategies for supplying the nation's defense energy needs.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Land Combat Systems
The end of the Cold War and consequent easing of international
tension suggests that the United States now faces less possibility of long-
term or large-scale military conflict. This perception and the call for
reaping a "peace dividend" from the fall of Communism in Europe
convinced decisionmakers to reduce the defense budget and the size of
U.S. military forces commensurate with the perception of a reduced
requirement for armed forces. This general demobilization and the
accompanying shift of resources away from defense procurement results
in a significantly smaller Land Combat Systems industrial base that must
look to government for a rationale to ensure its survival. In the absence
of a strong vision, this industry will continue to shrink--possibly at the
risk of extinction.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Munitions
Current defense planning is predicated on the overlap of two short
(less than 90 days) major regional contingencies. We believe the current
U.S. munitions stockpile, coupled with the production of precision
weaponry, appears marginally adcquate to meet this requirement.
However, trends point to a time in the near future when the U.S. Munitions
Industrial Base (MIB) might not be capable of sustaining the quality and
quantity of munitions required in a prolonged national emergency such as
a short war "gone long." Clearly, the munitions industry is at a critical
juncture. It can be allowed to atrophy or, in partnership with government,
adapt and remain a viable element of our nation's defense. Prudent ways
must be found to keep a minimal MIB capability aimed at producing
preferred munitions, leveraging the stockpile through weapons
enhancements and streamlined logistics systems, aggressive research and
development (R&D) funding, greater global competitiveness, and ensuring
a postconflict rapid munitions replenishment.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Financial Services
With an innovative and competitive financial services industry and
with the nation's public finances in their best condition since the 1960s,
the financial underpinnings of the U.S. economy and national defense
are secure. The U.S. industry is the preeminent and worldwide leader in
financial services, a technological pacesetter and market innovator. The
government can ensure continued U.S. leadership in the global economic
community by pressing for more open markets and legislating increased
harmony among regulatory regimes. It also has an important leadership
role to play in the coming international struggle to regulate trade and
electronic cash on the Internet. Financial markets are operating in a new
economy marked by technologies and global boundaries that are
increasingly beyond the scope of regulatory authorities to understand or
control.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Space
Space systems facilitate a multitude of services and applications for
government, industry, and consumers. The possibilities increase as the
space industry shifts from a government to a market dominated industry.
Efficiency, economy of scale, standardization, and "better, cheaper, faster"
products are characteristic of the industry's new space systems
development, production and operation. Services provided by space
systems today (e.g., telecommunications), are driving change and market
demand. New applications are envisioned for the future as access to space
becomes more reliable and affordable. Such access will eventually be
routine. International cooperation between nations on civil programs, and
international partnerships in commercial ventures, are becoming the rule
for space activities, that increasingly serve political and social as well as
economic purposes. The industry has come of age.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Shipbuilding
United States shipyards build the best military ships in the world.
However, the demand for naval vessels is currently very low, and it is
unlikely to increase. Large military oriented yards have substantial
capacity beyond national security requirements. Historically, political
influence has ensured their survival, but future budgetary constraints
may supersede this political influence. Several yards are attempting to
reestablish themselves in the commercial market, but excessive
overhead, lack of market identity, inefficient management, outdated
production, and marginal capital investment and foreign subsidies make
it difficult for them to compete in the international marketplace. The
United States must choose between continued reliance on reduced
military procurement and government support or on efforts to create a
level playing field. On such a field, U.S. shipbuilders could improve
productivity and efficiency as needed to develop a competitive position
in a nonsubsidized international environment.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Space
Few industries have shown as much growth in recent years or as
much potential for increased activity as has the global space industry.
Space touches our daily lives through applications such as
telecommunications, remote sensing, surveillance, and navigation.
Despite a series of launch failures, the long-term outlook for the U.S.
space industry remains strong. However, government investment in
research and development (R&D) is dwindling at a time when major
trends for the industry include globalization, deregulation, and
privatization. The demand for low-cost launch has stimulated the
creation of innovative launch services. Yet, market uncertainties
highlight the continuing maturation process of the space industry.
Government's role is to provide enlightened export policy, superior
infrastructure, and strategic direction to stimulate continued growth.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Advanced Manufacturing
The focus of advanced manufacturing is not on product lines, but on
the processes by which products are built. Advanced manufacturing is
the methodology behind the current revolution in manufacturing affairs
that is redistributing comparative advantage worldwide. Manufacturing
has fundamentally changed with the arrival of global competition. This is
evidenced by those enterprises capable of distributing value chain
production worldwide and reducing costs by exploiting automation and
information integration. The US cannot and should not attempt to
compete on a labor cost basis. Our comparative advantage resides in
technological and process innovations that boost productivity and make
advanced manufacturing possible. Since manufacturing underpins all
aspects of the economy, its importance to national defense should not be
underestimated. A well thought out and consistent government policy on
advanced manufacturing can do much to nurture and extend America's
competitive advantage in this sector.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Agribusiness
This report addresses US agribusiness' strategic role as an
instrument of national power and the way agribusiness supports national
security and other national priorities. It begins with an analysis of the
key elements of the US agribusiness industry. The report then defines
the industry and its current condition through an analysis of the
challenges, the long-term outlook, and the role of government. Next, the
report presents conclusions related to five principal areas: optimizing
food safety, enhancing food security, feeding a growing world
population, maximizing international agricultural trade, and protecting
the environment. Finally, it concludes with recommendations for
enhancing the industry's current domestic and international agricultural
strengths. This report reflects issues and concerns examined throughout
the semester--in classroom studies, individual research, interviews with
government officials/industry representatives, domestic field visits, and
international visits to Brazil, Argentina, and Chile.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Construction
The construction industry, a vibrant, healthy, and stable component
of our nation's economy, is characterized by many small firms, fierce
competition, and domestic market dominance. The industry is beginning
an international expansion into new areas of economic opportunity. U.S.
high technology, new construction methods, engineering design, and
management are key strengths in obtaining a significant international
market share.
Our nation's infrastructure is in need of substantial repair and
capital development. Our roads, bridges, and facilities need
improvement to support future U.S. economic strength. Faced with
declining domestic and international resources, governments are
employing new methods to finance infrastructure development.
Privatization and Design-Build-Operate variations are vital to solving
capital shortfalls. Using automated technology can enhance construction
design, management, processes, and equipment, while simultaneously
reducing bureaucracy and overhead.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Biotechnology
The U.S. biotechnology industry made significant gains in 1996.
Industry revenues, health-related product approvals, market
capitalization, and employee levels surged to new highs. A previously
flat equity market produced a 132 percent single year gain in capital for
the industry. Alliances and merger activity often with larger
pharmaceutical companies, strengthened the industry. Legislative
proposals and regulatory changes signaled government support for the
industry while highlighting ethical concerns over its potential
applications. The United States continues to be the dominant global
leader in this strategic industry, with at least six timcs thc strength of its
closest rival, the European Union. Industry concerns for the 21 st century
include intellectual propcrty rights, regulatory and legislative limitations,
financing for research and development, infrastructure shortfalls, and
public relations--the need to address the ethics of human biotech
applications.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Education
Education is vital to a flourishing democracy--the cornerstone for
active, involved citizenship. In a rapidly changing and increasingly
competitive world, the economic advantage will belong to the nation that
has the most adaptive, creative, and ingenious people. To garner this
advantage for the United States, we must ensure a rigorous, high-quality
education for all youth, and access to meaningful life-long leaming
opportunities for other citizens. Only by improving the synergy between
our schools, higher education institutions, communities, businesses, and
government can we harness the full diversity and energy of our citizens
and meet the challenges of a changing economy and global industrial
requirements. This transformation is a challenge for the education
industry and for the entire nation.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Electronics
Electronics is a robust, rapidly growing industry which out-
performed the U.S. economy as a whole in 1996. The industry has, in
fact, had an increase in factory sales each year for the last quarter
century. This report confirms the strength of the industry's long-term
outlook and its ability to support the national security strategy well into
the 21st century. It also reviews recent trends in the industry's
converging computer, telecommunications, and multimedia sectors--and
predicts that a more unified electronics industry will be on the cutting
edge of the future. The multifunctional high-tech products that this
industry will design and produce in the coming years will revolutionize
the way Americans live, work, and play. The U.S. electronics industry is
poised for phenomenal growth.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Munitions
The munitions industry's precision guided munition (PGM)
component is a key tool for bringing the military element of U.S.
national power to bear. This is an industry segment whose health is
variable, with limited capability to "surge" production. Surge is a
capability especially pertinent in an era of "cruise missile diplomacy,"
where PGMs serve as force multipliers for a smaller military. Risk
aversion in product development characterizes both the Department of
Defense (DOD) and defense contractors. Surprisingly, risk in offshore
component sourcing may be unknowingly accepted due to lack of
visibility in the practice. Suppliers in the United States will be
challenged by competition from many smart, proactive defense firms
around the world and will not be protected by their current high market
share and what are today the best products in the world.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Electronics
Electronics is a growing industry with a quarter century record of
increasing sales and profitability. Each year, it becomes increasingly
central to the success of advanced economies. The U.S. electronics
industry is competitive, innovative, and profitable; it is in a dominating
leadership position in the important semiconductor, computer, and
software markets. The U.S.-based electronics industry benefits from
intense competition for new markets, willingness to invest in research
and development (R&D), the availability of venture capital, and
willingness to adapt new business models. It enjoys the synergies of
regional production networks in Silicon Valley and elsewhere, a
demanding domestic customer base, and advantageous access to the
world's single largest market for electronics products. Sales of personal
computers, one of the best indicators of overall electronics industry
performance, increased 17 percent globally in the first quarter of 1999
and 21 percent in the United States.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Transportation
The transportation industry continues to be central to the US
economy. The greatest increases in productivity could all be negated if
the goods don't get to market.
Individually, the transportation modes cover the nation with a
network of air routes, roads and highways, rail, canals and ports, and
pipelines. There are advantages and disadvantages related to cost and
global and domestic coverage. As such, it is critical that apportionment
of funding relates to the anticipated volume of freight throughput at these
facilities. Managing congestion, infrastructure upkeep and expansion
problems associated with this industry are paramount to any future
growth and realization of potential.
The transportation industry can do more to compress time than any
other industry, thus satisfying the manufacturer's need to make the
product when it' s needed. Movement of the right product quantity, at the
right time, to the right place will shorten the logistics time line.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Transportation
Today's transportation industry is market competitive, exploits the
efficiencies of intermodalism, information technology, and automation,
and is evolving through globalization toward a seamless worldwide
network. Challenges to its future evolution lay ahead. Improvements are
needed to modal transfer mode infrastructure at ports, terminals, and
airfields, as well as to employment policies and procedures. The federal
government will continue to influence the evolution of the nation's
commercial transportation industry. Leading the way in national
transportation planning, following a customer/supplier policy wherever
practical, and retaining and operating an adequate rapid initial response
military lift capability represent the best course for future government
interaction with transportation.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Strategic Materials
A fundamental shift in thinking has occurred concerning the strategic
and advanced materials industry in the United States. Historically, our
concerns, policies, and programs were directed at items that were critical
in a national emergency and difficult to supply. With the end of the Cold
War and the increased globalization of national economies, a broader
concept of strategic and advanced materials has emerged. The new
perspective recognizes that national security planning encompasses the
general welfare of a society, which includes economic and political
considerations in addition to military considerations. This broader
perspective on national security is evident in many countries. However,
because each country has a different state of economic and political
development, the role of the strategic and advanced materials industry in
cach country is different.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Shipbuilding
The U.S. shipbuilding industry continues to lead the world in the
design and construction of advanced military vessels. The United States
is not now, nor has it historically been, a major producer of commercial
passenger or cargo ships, however. There will be no significant growth
in the commercial market for U.S. shipyards, and protectionist policies,
such as the Jones Act, are not effective in sustaining the industry. The
U.S. shipbuilding industry has capacity well in excess of the need for
military ships. As shipyards merge and the U.S. Navy reaches its 300-
ship standard, military vessels will become increasingly expensive. One
means to expand competition and to bring to bear advanced business
processes is for major systems integrators to team with shipyards to
produce the military vessels required in the 21st century.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
