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Evaluating COVID-19 Public Health Messaging in Italy: Self-Reported Compliance and Growing Mental Health Concerns

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From the Purpose: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] death-rate in Italy continues to climb, surpassing that in every other country. We implement one of the first nationally representative surveys about this unprecedented public health crisis and use it to evaluate the Italian government' public health efforts and citizen responses."

Harvard University

Barari, Soubhik; Caria, Stefano; Davola, Antonio . . .

2020-03-24
Social Distancing Strategies for Curbing the COVID-19 Epidemic

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From the Abstract: "The SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] pandemic is straining healthcare resources worldwide, prompting social distancing measures to reduce transmission intensity. The amount of social distancing needed to curb the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the context of seasonally varying transmission remains unclear. Using a mathematical model, we assessed that one-time interventions will be insufficient to maintain COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] prevalence within the critical care capacity of the United States. Seasonal variation in transmission will facilitate epidemic control during the summer months but could lead to an intense resurgence in the autumn. Intermittent distancing measures can maintain control of the epidemic, but without other interventions, these measures may be necessary into 2022. Increasing critical care capacity could reduce the duration of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic while ensuring that critically ill patients receive appropriate care."

Harvard University

Kissler, Stephen; Tedijanto, Christine; Lipsitch, Marc . . .

2020-03
Securing Justice, Health, and Democracy Against the COVID-19 Threat

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From the Introduction: "Our federal government and all of our state governments are now fully engaged in fighting a national emergency of historic proportions. The scale of the emergency is roughly equivalent to World War II and will therefore require equivalent commitment on the part of Americans. So much work needs to be done that we ought all to focus on ascertaining how we can contribute. This paper is an attempt to sketch out a bird's eye view of how we might most effectively think of our shared goals. We recognize that decision-makers and leaders must make decisions appropriate to the specific conditions they immediately face; we hope nonetheless that this sketch is helpful as they seek to make difficult decisions."

Harvard University

Allen, Danielle S., 1971-; Stanczyk, Lucas; Cohen, I. Glenn . . .

2020-03-20
'De‐Globalisation? Global Value Chains in the Post‐COVID‐19 Age'

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From the Abstract: "This paper evaluates the extent to which the world economy has entered a phase of de‐globalisation, and it offers some speculative thoughts on the future of global value chains in the post‐COVID‐19 [coronavirus disease 2019] age. Although the growth of international trade flows relative to that of GDP [gross domestic product] has slowed down since the Great Recession, this paper finds little systematic evidence indicating that the world economy has already entered an era of de‐globalisation. Instead, the observed slowdown in globalisation is a natural sequel to the unsustainable increase in globalisation experienced in the late 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. I offer a description of the mechanisms leading to that earlier expansionary phase, together with a discussion of why these forces might have run out of steam, and of the extent to which they may be reversible. I conclude that the main challenge for the future of globalisation is institutional and political in nature rather than technological, although new technologies might aggravate the trends in inequality that have created the current political backlash against globalisation. Zooming in on the COVID‐19 global pandemic, I similarly conclude that the current health crisis may further darken the future of globalisation if it aggravates policy tensions across countries."

Harvard University

Antràs, Pol, 1975-

2020-11-16
Economic Benefits of COVID-19 Screening Tests with a Vaccine Rollout

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From the Abstract: "This note estimates the costs and benefits of a nationwide COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] screening testing program in the presence of an imminently arriving vaccine. Even for an optimistic vaccine rollout scenario, a well-designed federally-funded screening testing program, coupled with self-isolation of those who test positive, pays for itself in terms of increased fiscal revenues and is projected to save 10,000 or more lives. The sooner the testing program is put in place, the greater are its net economic benefits."

Harvard University

Atkeson, Andrew; Droste, Michael C.; Mina, Michael J. . . .

2020-12-09
Harvard's Telework Continuity Tool Kit: Sustaining Business Continuity in a Time of Disruption

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From the Document: "In light of concerns about coronavirus and the disease it causes, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], departments, and units across Harvard are raising questions about how to implement telework under these circumstances. This document contains basic principles and best practices that will support successful telework practices under normal conditions and is designed to guide employees and managers through the implementation of telework now."

Harvard University

2020-04-07
Guide to Covering Pandemic Flu [website]

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"This Web site is a one-stop resource for reporters, editors and newsroom managers trying to navigate the complex and at times confusing details of the flu story. Most of the information is relevant for any influenza pandemic, extending beyond the 2009 H1N1 virus. It is written and edited by journalists, for journalists." Topics include but are not limited to: an introduction to influenza, the science, pandemic preparedness, pandemic reporting, crisis communication, and the history of pandemics.

Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University

2009
Location-Dependent Runs-And-Gaps Model for Predicting TCP Performance Over a UAV Wireless Channel

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"In this paper, we use a finite-state model to predict the performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over a varying wireless channel between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground nodes. As a UAV traverses its flight path, the wireless channel may experience periods of significant packet loss, successful packet delivery, and intermittent reception. By capturing packet run-length and gap-length statistics at various locations on the flight path, this locationdependent model can predict TCP throughput in spite of dynamically changing channel characteristics. We train the model by using packet traces from flight tests in the field and validate it by comparing TCP throughput distributions for model-generated traces against those for actual traces randomly sampled from field data. Our modeling methodology is general and can be applied to any UAV flight path."

Harvard University; U.S. Army Research Laboratory

Kung, H. T.; Lin, Chit-Kwan; Lin, Tsung-Han . . .

2013-10
Meta-Leadership Lessons from the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: An NPLI Case History

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"In March 2009, a new strain of influenza, H1N1, appeared in Mexico and spread to the United States. The first confirmed case was of a nine-year-old girl in Imperial County, California (March 30). By April 18, seven cases had been confirmed in the U.S. and influenza activity was reported in several states. On April 23rd, the Health Service of Canada confirmed that the strains in the U.S. and Mexico had the same genetic sequence. By April 28, confirmed cases were also reported in Canada, Spain, Israel, New Zealand and the United Kingdom indicating the likelihood of global spread of this novel virus. The next day, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the pandemic threat level from 4 to 5, its second highest. As the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] stood up its Emergency Operations Center, it found itself in an unusual lack of political leadership. With a recent change of administrations, the Secretary of Health and Human Services had neither been appointed nor confirmed and, in turn, neither were many permanent assistant secretaries (although the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response had been held over from the previous administration to ensure continuity) nor was a permanent CDC director in place. Dr. Richard Besser (NPLI [National Preparedness Leadership Initiative] Cohort II) was serving as acting director of the CDC and found himself reporting on the situation initially to the HHS [Health and Human Services] Chief of Staff, the only political leader from the new administration in place, and ultimately directly to the President and his Cabinet."

Harvard University. National Preparedness Leadership Initiative

Marcus, Leonard J.; Dorn, Barry C.; Henderson, Joseph M. . . .

2015
What's the Cure? Misinformation and Platform Responses in the Era of COVID-19

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From the Executive Summary: "Social media companies have occupied particularly critical roles in the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Whether in disseminating information or providing new entertainment options while billions of individuals are social distancing, the largest platforms have been stepping up in both predictable and novel ways. There are dozens of technology companies that could be analyzed in the scope of this report. However, because resource constraints inform the range of content moderation options available to smaller companies, this report instead focuses primarily on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube and their steps to combat coronavirus-related abuse on their platforms. As the pandemic pushes more users to online spaces, a concurrent infodemic is pushing waves of false content to those same platforms. The dramatic rise in posts about miracle cures, virus conspiracy theories, and fake reports of draconian government action have led platforms to adopt new products and policies to combat misinformation. These interventions represent a substantial new assumption of responsibility for the accuracy of the content on their sites."

Harvard University. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society

2020?
Learning from COVID-19: A 23-Nation Comparative Study of COVID-19 Response, with Lessons for the Future of Public Health

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From the Introduction: "A central puzzle of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is why some nations have contained the virus almost completely while others have struggled to prevent multiple waves of community transmission. Equally puzzling is why many nations with evolved resources to combat a pandemic have fared worse than countries with fewer resources. A further paradox is why the virus has produced such different political and economic repercussions in nations with similar systems of government and demographics. In sum, confronted with the same phenomenon -- a pandemic caused by a novel virus -- we need to ask why countries have diverged so significantly. They differ in what they perceived as the most important problem to address, what resources they mobilized to tackle it, how much political buy-in they achieved, and to what extent they ultimately contained the disease and its economic fallout. [...] To explore how and why these divergences occurred and what we can learn from them, two teams, composed of 78 researchers from 47 research institutions around the world, undertook a cross-national comparison of 23 nations on six continents. Spanning a diverse range of countries, one was focused globally and another specifically on Africa. These comparative studies each draw on interdisciplinary expertise in the social sciences, law, clinical medicine, public health, and Science & Technology Studies (STS)."

Harvard University; Cornell University; Columbia University . . .

Jasanoff, Sheila; Hilgartner, Stephen; James, Wilmot Godfrey, 1953- . . .

2021-01
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey

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From the Cover Memo: "From April 17 to 26 we conducted a large, 50 state survey, the results of which are presented in this report. The first section of the report looks at the nation as a whole while the second section focuses on individual states and comparisons across states. [...] We surveyed 22,912 individuals across all 50 states plus the District of Columbia. The survey was conducted on 17-26 April 2020 by PureSpectrum via an online, nonprobability sample, with state-level representative quotas for race/ethnicity, age and gender. In addition to balancing on these dimensions, we reweighted our data using the same demographic characteristics. In our discussion below, we omit mentioning states with a sample size of less than 275: Alaska, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wyoming, and the District of Columbia. However, we include these states in the summary tables below."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Harvard University

Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2020-04-30
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #25: Public Support for Measures Aimed at Curbing COVID-19

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From the Document: "As COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] continues to surge nationwide, some particularly hard-hit localities are implementing (or re-implementing) relatively strict measures to protect public safety. While many of these measures have been shown to be effective at slowing down COVID-19 transmission in the US (and other countries) in earlier months, the potential implementation of measures such as closing non-essential businesses, adopting distance learning, and restricting restaurants to take-out have provoked fierce debates around the country. While some advocates have sought to frame the debate as a choice between public health and education, on the one hand, or the economy, on the other, in many respects the decisions that public health officials face are far more complicated, and public views on these topics more nuanced. [...] In the post-election (November) wave of our survey, we asked respondents whether and to what extent they approved or disapproved of seven such measures intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19[.]"

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Uslu, Ata A.; Santillana, Mauricio . . .

2020-11-27
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #31: Update on the Trajectory of Health-Related Behaviors

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From the Document: "Since April 2020, the COVID [coronavirus disease] States Project has been surveying respondents regarding social distancing behaviors and adherence to health recommendations more generally. Our November report [hyperlink], looking at the data from April to November, with a partial exception of mask wearing, found a steady relaxation of these behaviors over time. In this report, we update our November results, finding that this trend has partially reversed, perhaps due to the surge of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases in the last two months. Mask wearing reached its all-time high in our December/January survey, and social distancing behaviors have substantially increased since October (though still far from April levels)."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Perlis, Roy H. . . .

2021-01-15
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #38: Public Perceptions of Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Document: "One of President Joe Biden's top pandemic-related policy priorities has been to get children back into schools. The president and his advisors have cited multiple reasons for the urgency of doing so, ranging from nutrition to mental health to the quality of K-12 [kindergarten through twelfth grade] learning during the pandemic. Since March of 2020, American school children have faced a variety of learning environments, varying by time and place, and ranging from all-virtual school, to hybrids of part-virtual and part-in-person school, to all-in-person school. Schools have reopened, only to close again in response to local outbreaks. As with other aspects of the pandemic, community response has often been vocal and polarized. Some parents have pressured local school boards to open their neighborhood schools to in-person learning; others have applied pressure for the opposite: all virtual schooling until local covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] transmission is brought down to manageable and safe levels. In our December 2020 survey wave, we included a series of questions aimed at assessing the state of opinion regarding these topics."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Perlis, Roy H.; Green, Jon . . .

2021-02-05
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #36: Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Strategies

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From the Document: "This report outlines the current state of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine hesitancy (defined as preferring to delay vaccination) and resistance (defined as not wanting to take the vaccine at any point), as well as the results from two experiments designed to test strategies for increasing Americans' willingness to take the vaccine when it's available to them. We evaluate the results of two experiments testing different communication strategies to increase people's willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Key findings are that a variety of 'messages' are effective for reducing vaccine hesitancy and resistance, while 'messengers' are less effective and - in the case of partisan messengers - have the potential to 'increase' resistance among political out-groups. The most effective strategies evoked scientists and people's own doctors as endorsers of vaccination. We found, also, that messages evoking harm reduction and 'people you know' were more effective in counties where the virus is spreading more quickly."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Green, Jon; Lazer, David; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-01-25
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #35: Public Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccines

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From the Executive Summary: "We present a variety of descriptive results on attitudes and beliefs regarding COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccines. We find a notable consensus across population subgroups regarding order of prioritization for receiving vaccines, which roughly aligns with current policies. We additionally find that while there are generally positive attitudes and beliefs regarding vaccines, there are also some negative attitudes and misbeliefs that are especially common within certain demographics (political independents and, to a lesser extent, Republicans; Black respondents; and individuals ages 25-44). The reported results are based on data collected from 24,682 people between December 16, 2020 and January 10, 2021. For these descriptive analyses, we apply survey weights using national benchmarks for race, gender, age, education, Census region, and urbanicity."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Green, Jon; Lazer, David; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-01-25
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #30: Economic Hardships Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Key Findings: "[1] Parents with children at home are more likely than respondents without children at home to have experienced all five economic hardships, while women with kids at home are more likely than men with kids at home to have experienced four of the five hardships. The overall gaps range from a low of 4 percentage points for eviction from their home (6% for parents vs. 2% for non-parents), to highs of 11 points for taking pay cuts (26% vs. 17%) and being unable to make a rent or mortgage payment (21% vs. 10%)[.] [2] Economic hardships are fairly evenly distributed across partisan groups and regions of the country. [3] Respondents who report having had COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] (whether diagnosed by a medical professional or otherwise) are more likely than respondents who report not having had had COVID-19 to have suffered a series of five economic hardships we included in the survey, including losing a job, being evicted from their home, being unable to pay rent or their mortgage, taking a pay cut, or having to cut back on work to take care of a child. [4] Hispanics are more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to have experienced all five economic hardships. [5] We find fairly wide variations across the 50 states in the percentages of residents having experienced economic hardships, and no consistent geographic patterns. COVID-related hardships appear to be generally widespread across the country."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .

Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Lin, Jennifer; Lazer, David . . .

2020-12-17
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #40: COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes Among Healthcare Workers

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From the Executive Summary: "'In this report, we examine the demographic correlates of vaccination, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine resistance among the subset of 1,797 respondents in the COVID [coronavirus disease] states survey who indicated that they are healthcare workers. We find that education, income, gender, race/ethnicity, and partisanship are strong predictors of vaccination rates recorded thus far, as well as of vaccine hesitancy and resistance.' Healthcare workers represent a microcosm of US society, and a consequential one. They are polarized in terms of income and education, ranging from physicians with extensive postgraduate education, to cleaning staff with less than a high school education. Healthcare workers also have taken a disproportionate brunt of the national response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], in terms of the physical and emotional labor to care for millions of sick people; to bid goodbye to hundreds of thousands; and to confront, by the nature of their work, the increased risks of exposure to the virus. They have also been among the first wave of recipients of COVID-19 vaccinations; and as such, they are doubly important. First, they may be predictive of what is to come in the rest of the US's vaccination campaign. Healthcare workers represent the first diverse population that has the opportunity to get vaccinated. As such, their responses regarding vaccine willingness are more proximate and less hypothetical than they are with our other survey respondents. Second, they may directly affect the willingness [hyperlink] of other Americans to be vaccinated, by dint of their high perceived credibility regarding issues of health."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Perlis, Roy H.; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-02
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #37: Gun Purchases During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Document: "Gun purchases in the United States have increased dramatically since the start of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Based on FBI data, the National Shooting Sports Foundation reported 21 million background checks for firearms sales [hyperlink] in 2020, up from 13.2 million the previous year and surpassing the previous record of 15.7 million in 2016. The biggest spikes occurred in March and June, as shown in Figure 1. While March is typically a month of high gun buying [hyperlink], this year saw a much sharper surge. June's spike in gun purchases is even more abnormal compared to previous years when gun purchases are typically close to their low point."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Simonson, Matthew; Lazer, David; Perlis, Roy H. . . .

2021-02-05
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #32: Update on Public Support for Measures Aimed at Curbing COVID-19

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From the Summary: "In report 25, published in November, we evaluated public support for taking more aggressive measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The key finding is that there is broad support for taking more steps to limit the spread of the disease. In a just completed survey, we repeated these questions, finding that opinions are virtually unchanged since November: large majorities across the 7 issue areas support taking more aggressive steps. The measure with the least support, which would be the most drastic step - requiring most businesses other than grocery stores and pharmacies to close - has exactly the same level of support we observed in November: 60%. The only step that has seen statistically significant erosion in support is restricting international travel, which has edged downward from November, from 88% to a still quite high 84%. Support across the 50 states plus DC also is quite high. In 43 states plus DC, majorities support all 7 measures; in 4 states majorities support 6 measures, and in three (Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming), majorities support 5 of 7 measures (the two exceptions being requiring most businesses to close and prohibiting K-12 [kindergarten through twelfth grade] schools from teaching in person)."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Baum, Matthew A., 1965- . . .

2021-01-15
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #34: Update on Holiday Gatherings in December 2020

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From the Document: "Public health officials have expressed concern that multi-household holiday gatherings might have driven a January surge of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases. As noted in report 31 [hyperlink], social distancing behaviors have generally been improving since late October, including in our most recent wave conducted over the holidays. However, the scope of our data collection regarding social distancing, which focused on proximity to others in the 24 hours preceding survey response, might have missed important spikes in proximity around Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year. Therefore, here we evaluate the responses from a survey conducted between December 16th and January 10th, to a separate question asking whether people had gathered for the holidays in November and December."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Baum, Matthew A., 1965- . . .

2021-01-25
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #33: Update on COVID-19 Test Turnaround Times Across the Country

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From the Key Takeaways: "1) Average wait times for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] test results continue to fall steadily (from 3.9 days in March to 2.2 days in December). 2) Racial disparities still exist in testing times: in December, Hispanic and Black respondents waited 0.7 and 0.4 days longer than white respondents, respectively. 3) In December, the average respondent waited 2.4 days between seeking a test and obtaining a test. They waited another 2.2 days to receive test results. 4) Testing is still too slow to support effective contact tracing."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Chwe, Hanyu; Quintana, Alexi; Lazer, David . . .

2021-01-15
COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #39: Public Attitudes Towards the Storming of the Capitol Building

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From the Document: "This was the latest in a series of surveys we have been conducting since April 2020, examining attitudes and behaviors regarding COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in the United States. [...] The 2020 election produced two distinct perceived realities for the United States public. The first perceived reality holds that the election was conducted fairly, and that Joe Biden won. Individuals who hold this vision of reality feel their votes were counted accurately, and that the events of January 6th [hyperlink] were repugnant. This is also the version of reality for 60-70% of the US population. This reality is documented by court cases, our government officials (Republican and Democratic) in charge of administering the election, and the credible news media. The second vision of reality holds that the election was essentially corrupt--driven, in particular, by illegal mail-in ballots, noncitizen voting, and voting machine fraud. In this perceived reality, Biden is a usurper to the presidency. Further, the people who stormed the Capitol had a point, although the worst actions were taken by individuals affiliated with Antifa activists masquerading as Trump supporters. This is the expressed reality of former President Trump, certain Republican leaders, a subset of conservative media, and certain corners of the social media ecosystem. This is also the reality for 25-30% of the US population, and roughly half of Republicans. These two perceived realities are not created equal. The facts, as presented by the fact sorting institutions of the government and media, unambiguously support the first."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Rutgers University; Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) . . .

Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2021-02-15
Inequalities in the Times of a Pandemic

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From the Introduction: "Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has exacerbated existing inequalities. This paper reviews the evidence to date on how long-standing fractures have been put into sharp relief by the pandemic and discusses policies to address them. The inequalities described take many forms and express themselves along various dimensions that interact with each other. Across the income distribution, pre-tax income inequalities, consumption and savings, job losses, and opportunities for remote work have evolved very differently. Across genders, and across parents and non-parents, the toll of school closures, lack of child care, and additional housework has been uneven. Across regions, sectors, and occupations, the pandemic has brought vastly different burdens and opportunities. The policies discussed in this paper are medium and longer-term policy actions to address the long-standing inequalities that predate and have been widened by Covid-19, rather than short-run crisis mitigation responses. These policy actions need to occur at multiple levels, given the challenges and complexities of the issues, and we offer a framework to think about these various possible stages of interventions. The paper is organized as follows. The first four sections review the evidence on the evolution of inequalities along several dimensions: across income levels (Section 2); across sectors and regions (Section 3); across genders (Section 4); and across children from different backgrounds (Section 5). Section 6 considers policy responses at different stages of the economic process. The Appendix provides additional materials on each of these topics."

Harvard University; Center for Economic and Policy Research (Washington, D.C.); National Bureau of Economic Research

Stantcheva, Stefanie

2021-04-13
Vaccine Confidence in Black Communities (Presentation and Panel) [video]

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From the Video Description: "The RAND Corporation, in collaboration with CHIPTS [Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment Services], the Harvard University CFAR [Center for AIDS Research], and representatives from APLA [AIDS Project Los Angeles] Health, Invisible Men, and the Primary Care Development Corporation, hosted a community town hall entitled, 'Vaccine Confidence and Black Communities: Where do we go from here?' This event aims to share lessons learned about COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine messaging and access, in order to reduce inequities." The duration of the video is one hour, six minutes, and seventeen seconds.

UCLA Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment Services; RAND Corporation; Harvard University. Center for AIDS Research

2021-05-04
Case Study: Creating FEMA Corps: 'A Template for Developing the U.S. Public Health Jobs Corps'

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From the Executive Summary: "The U.S. Public Health Jobs Corps must quickly mobilize to provide culturally competent, community-centric assistance to Americans caught in the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis. The U.S. Public Health Jobs Corps can build on the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Corps' successes and lessons learned to put Americans to work in partnership with state, tribal, and local leaders, nonprofits, academia, and the private sector. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the FEMA Corps model is a proven, scalable, whole-of-community approach to meeting every community's needs across America."

Harvard University. National Preparedness Leadership Initiative; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Harvard Kennedy School. Center for Public Leadership

Serino, Richard A. (Richard Allen), 1954-; Miller, Kati

2021-01-27?

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