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U.S. International Food Assistance: An Overview [December 6, 2018]
"The United States has played a leading role in global efforts to alleviate hunger and improve food security. Current food assistance programs originated in 1954 with the passage of what is now named the Food for Peace Act (FFPA, P.L.83-480). This legislation, commonly referred to as 'P.L. 480,' established the Food for Peace program (FFP). Originally, FFP had multiple aims: (1) to provide food to undernourished people abroad, (2) to reduce U.S. stocks of surplus grains that had accumulated under U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) commodity support programs, and (3) to expand potential markets for U.S. food commodities. Since the end of the Cold War, U.S. food assistance goals have shifted away from the latter two aims and more toward emergency response and supporting recipient country agriculture markets."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Alyssa R.
2018-12-06
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COVID-19 and Global Food Security: Issues for Congress [June 15, 2020]
From the Document: "Some Members of Congress have demonstrated an ongoing interest in global food security, including how the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may affect global food security needs in 2020. Some policymakers are examining whether existing U.S. global food security programs are sufficient to meet potentially increased needs. They are also considering what legislative changes, if any, might help address the emerging global food assistance challenges caused by COVID-19."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Alyssa R.; Morgenstern, Emily M.
2020-06-15
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International Food Assistance: FY2020 Appropriations [March 4, 2020]
From the Document: "U.S. international food assistance programs provide food, or the means to purchase food, to people around the world at risk of hunger. Congress funds these programs through two appropriations bills: the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act--also known as the Agriculture appropriations bill--and the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Appropriations Act. The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. The SFOPS appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and other non-defense foreign policy agencies. Both bills provide funding for U.S. international food assistance programs. Appropriations for agricultural development programs, such as Feed the Future or international agricultural exchange programs, are not considered part of food assistance spending."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Alyssa R.; Morgenstern, Emily M.
2020-03-04
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USDA's ReConnect Broadband Pilot Program [Updated August 3, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress established the Rural e-Connectivity Pilot Program (also known as ReConnect) in the FY2018 consolidated appropriations act. ReConnect provides loan and grant funding to eligible entities to deploy broadband internet service in eligible rural areas. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Rural Utilities Service (RUS) administers ReConnect."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Alyssa R.
2020-08-03
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USDA Rural Development and COVID-19: Supplemental Funding and Agency Actions [Updated June 1, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development agency (RD) administers loan, grant, and technical assistance programs that support infrastructure, housing, and business development in rural areas. In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, Congress provided supplemental funding to certain RD programs. In addition, RD has taken a number of actions to provide relief for current program participants and assist potential applicants in applying for program funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Alyssa R.
2020-06-01
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USDA Rural Development and COVID-19: Supplemental Funding and Agency Actions [May 15, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development agency (RD) administers loan, grant, and technical assistance programs that support infrastructure, housing, and business development in rural areas. In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, Congress provided supplemental funding to certain RD programs. In addition, RD has taken a number of actions to provide relief for current program participants and assist potential applicants in applying for program funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Alyssa R.
2020-05-15
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Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act: Funding for USDA Rural Broadband Programs [Updated November 19, 2021]
From the Document: "On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act into law (P.L. [Public Law] 117- 58). The act invests $1.2 trillion in the nation's infrastructure, including roads, highways, and electric, water, and railway systems. The act also invests in broadband (i.e., high-speed internet) infrastructure, including in rural areas where households have historically had lower access to broadband compared with households in urban and suburban areas. P.L. 117-58 includes funding for two U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) broadband programs that serve rural communities: the ReConnect Program and the Rural Broadband Program. This is in addition to provisions that amend or provide funding to broadband programs administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). This InFocus summarizes the provisions in the infrastructure act related to the ReConnect Program and the Rural Broadband Program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Benson, Lisa S.; Casey, Alyssa R.
2021-11-19
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Racial Equity in U.S. Farming: Background in Brief [November 19, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Congress has enacted numerous policies that aim to support farmers of color (see 'Terminology' text box) and other historically underserved farmers and has demonstrated an interest in monitoring race and ethnicity in U.S. farming and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. Enacted policies include establishing outreach programs, setting target participation rates in certain USDA programs, requiring USDA to report on socially disadvantaged farmer and rancher (SDFR) program participation, and establishing various advisory offices and committees. For background on these policies, see CRS Report R46727, 'Defining a Socially Disadvantaged Farmer or Rancher (SDFR): In Brief', by Renée Johnson. Congress also provides funding and oversight for the U.S. Census of Agriculture as well as other USDA surveys and reports that collect race and ethnicity data on U.S. farming. Congressional attention to racial equity in U.S. farming and USDA programs has continued in the 116th and 117th Congresses. In addition, the Biden Administration has prioritized racial equity consideration in federal policies and programs. This report reviews federal data on racial and ethnic trends in the U.S. farmer population and U.S. farmland ownership. It also summarizes research on certain factors that may have contributed to these trends since the early 20th century. This information aims to provide historical background for ongoing policy debates on racial equity in U.S. farming."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Casey, Alyssa R.
2021-11-19
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COVID-19 Response: Broadband Funding for Tribes, Tribal Colleges and Universities, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Indian Health Service [Updated March 30, 2021]
From the Document: "Three recent enacted laws that, in whole or in part, address the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided both direct and indirect broadband funding for American Indian tribes, tribal colleges and universities, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Indian Health Service (collectively, 'tribal entities'). They are [1] the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, P.L. [public law] 116-136; [2] Division N of Title IX of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA, 2021), P.L. 116-260; and [3] the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), P.L. 117-2. This In Focus lists major broadband programs funded by these three laws as well as potential additional funding in subsequently proposed legislation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Figliola, Patricia Moloney; Rachfal, Colby Leigh; Casey, Alyssa R. . . .
2021-03-30
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