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Estimated 'Direct Payments' by State Under the House and Senate Versions of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) [March 5, 2021]
From the Document: "On February 27, 2021, the House passed the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA, H.R. 1319). Section 9601 of that bill would create a third round of direct payments (also referred to as 'economic impact payments' or 'stimulus checks'). On March 4, 2021, Senator Schumer proposed S.Amdt. 891 to H.R. 1319 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Senate amendment'), which would narrow the income ranges over which the direct payments are phased out. This Insight compares the effects of the shortened phaseout ranges in the Senate amendment to the phaseout ranges included in the House-passed version of H.R. 1319."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Boyle, Conor F.; Carter, Jameson A.
2021-03-05
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated February 15, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The National Bureau of Economic Research declared the start of the current economic downturn in February 2020, marking the end of the longest period of expansion in U.S. history. This expansion followed the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009), a downturn widely considered to be the worst since the Great Depression (August 1929 to March 1933). The unemployment rate rose quickly in March 2020, and by April 2020 it had greatly surpassed its previous peaks observed during and just after the Great Recession. This spike in unemployment coincided with various mandated stay-at-home orders implemented in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other pandemic-related factors affecting U.S. demand. Although unemployment rates have declined since April 2020, the rate in January 2021 (6.3%) remains much higher than the rate observed in February 2020 (3.5%). This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2021-02-15
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated January 12, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The National Bureau of Economic Research declared the start of the current economic downturn in February 2020, marking the end of the longest period of expansion in U.S. history. This expansion followed the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009), a downturn widely considered to be the worst since the Great Depression (August 1929 to March 1933). The unemployment rate rose quickly in March 2020, and by April 2020 it had greatly surpassed its previous peaks observed during and just after the Great Recession. This spike in unemployment coincided with various mandated stay-at-home orders implemented in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other pandemic-related factors affecting U.S. demand. Although unemployment rates have declined since April, the December rate (6.7%) remains almost twice as high as the rate observed during February (3.5%). This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2021-01-12
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated December 7, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant effect on unemployment in every state, industry, and major demographic group in the United States. This report provides information on which groups have experienced the largest increases in unemployment rates since the onset of the pandemic in 2020. Young workers, women, workers with low educational attainment, part-time workers, and racial and ethnic minorities had relatively high unemployment rates in April. Many, but not all, of these groups had relatively high rates in November as well. The report also compares the overall unemployment rate during the current recession with the unemployment rate experienced during the Great Recession."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2020-12-07
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated November 6, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The National Bureau of Economic Research declared the start of the current economic downturn in February 2020, marking the end of the longest period of expansion in U.S. history. This expansion followed the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009), a downturn widely considered to be the worst since the Great Depression (August 1929 to March 1933). The unemployment rate rose quickly in March 2020, and by April 2020 it had greatly surpassed its previous peaks observed during and just after the Great Recession. [...] This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The two primary sources are the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. In addition to the usual caveats about estimates (see 'General Data Caveats'), there were additional data challenges caused by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic (see 'COVID-19 Related Data Issues')."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2020-11-06
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated October 23, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report discusses recent unemployment rate patterns at the national and state levels using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The two primary sources are the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. In addition to the usual caveats about estimates (see 'General Data Caveats'), there were additional data challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (see 'COVID-19 Related Data Issues'). The pandemic led to lower survey response rates by businesses and households, and BLS detected an error in their categorization procedures that likely underestimated unemployment early in the recession. This report generally finds the following: [1] The unemployment rate peaked at a level not seen since data collection started in 1948, in April 2020 before declining to a still-high level in September. [2] In April, every state and the District of Columbia reached unemployment rates greater than their highest unemployment rates during the Great Recession. [3] Unemployment during the current recession is concentrated among workers who were last employed in industries that provide in-person services and among young workers, women, workers with low educational attainment, part-time workers, and racial and ethnic minorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Nyhof, Emma C.; Carter, Jameson A. . . .
2020-10-23
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Impact of the Federal Income Tax Code on Poverty [Updated October 19, 2020]
From the Summary: "The federal individual income tax is structured so that the poor owe little or no income tax. In addition, the federal individual income tax (hereinafter referred to simply as the 'income tax code' or 'income tax') increases the disposable income of many poor families via refundable tax credits--primarily the earned income tax credit (EITC) and the refundable portion of the child tax credit, referred to as the 'additional child tax credit' (ACTC). These credits are explicitly designed to benefit low-income families with workers and children and can significantly boost families' disposable income, lifting many of these families above the poverty line."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.; Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.
2020-10-19
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Youth Labor Force Indicators in the Context of COVID-19 [August 27, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the current recession that began in February 2020 and has resulted in large job losses, from which the economy has only partially recovered. This Insight discusses recent and longer-term trends in three key labor market indicators, and the potential implications for youth in the current economy. It examines the [1] labor force participation rate (LFPR)--the percentage of individuals in the population who are employed and who are unemployed (i.e., the share of the population 'in the labor force'); [2] employment-to-population ratio--the proportion of individuals 'in the population' who are employed; and [3] unemployment rate--the percentage of individuals 'in the labor force' who are unemployed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fernandes-Alcantara, Adrienne L.; Carter, Jameson A.
2020-08-27
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COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Estimated Impact of Recovery Rebates in H.R. 748 on Family Incomes [Updated March 26, 2020]
From the Document: "H.R. 748 (CARES Act), as passed by the Senate on March 25, 2020, includes many provisions designed to provide emergency relief to the economy in response to the effects of the COVID [coronavirus disease]-19 pandemic. One such provision of H.R. 748 is the '2020 recovery rebate,' a direct payment made to individuals. Similar 'recovery rebates' were sent to individuals in response to the 2001 and 2008 recessions. Several Members of Congress have recently proposed varying forms of direct payment, and two earlier versions of the CARES Act (S. 3548 and a draft circulated on March 22, 2020) also included a direct payment proposal. The direct payment in H.R. 748 is structured similarly to the 2008 recovery rebates. The rebate takes the form of an advance refundable tax credit, and would rely on the tax system to pay the credit to eligible individuals. As such, this Insight refers to eligible individuals as 'taxpayers.' In general, taxpayers would be eligible for a rebate of $1,200 ($2,400 if the taxpayer is a married couple filing jointly). Taxpayers could increase the amount they receive by $500 for each child that they could claim for the child tax credit. The rebate amount would gradually phase out for higher-income taxpayers. H.R. 748 includes other provisions related to the timing of rebate payments, the information used to determine the rebate amount, and administrative challenges related to paying the rebate."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Boyle, Conor F.; Carter, Jameson A.
2020-03-26
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COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: Potential Impacts of Direct Payments on Family Incomes [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Several Members of Congress and the Trump Administration have proposed direct cash payments as part of a fiscal response to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct cash payments have previously been part of the federal government's response to economic downturns, most recently in 2001 and 2008. In general, the purpose of direct payments is twofold: (1) they allow families to spend more, and through a multiplier effect help to stimulate the economy; and (2) they provide resources to help meet basic needs for those whose income has decreased due to COVID-19 infection or potential job loss. This Insight discusses several current direct payment proposals and their impact on family incomes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Boyle, Conor F.; Carter, Jameson A.
2020-03-20
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Impact of the Federal Income Tax on Poverty: Before and After the 2017 Tax Revision ('TCJA'; P.L. 115-97) [October 17, 2019]
From the Introduction: "This report is structured to first provide a brief overview of the major federal income tax provisions that affect lower-income individuals and families, including a comparison of how these provisions changed under the TCJA [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act]. The report then provides an analysis of how the pre-TCJA federal income tax affected poverty, followed by a comparison of how the post-TCJA federal income tax affected poverty. The report concludes with some observations on the benefits and limitations of the federal income tax system and refundable tax credits in reducing poverty."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.; Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.
2019-10-17
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HUD's Proposal to End Assistance to Mixed Status Families [Updated July 29, 2019]
From the Document: "On May 10, 2019, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) released a proposed rule to end eligibility for 'mixed status' families in its major rental assistance programs (public housing, Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers, Section 8 project-based rental assistance). 'Mixed status' families comprise both citizens (or eligible noncitizens) and ineligible noncitizens. As reported in the press and reflected in analysis by both CRS [Congressional Research Service] and HUD, the rule would likely result in the displacement from HUD-assisted housing of over 25,000 families, including 55,000 children. Additionally, the rule would establish new documentation requirements for citizens. The proposed rule received over 30,000 comments. Some commentators raised concerns about administrative burdens and impacts on families, as well as the possibility of legal challenges under the Fair Housing Act and the Administrative Procedures Act."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarty, Maggie; Carter, Jameson A.
2019-07-29
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Location of Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction: In Brief [June 24, 2019]
From the Introduction: "The substantial burden of opioid abuse related to the current opioid epidemic in the United States has resulted in a disparity between the need for substance abuse treatment and the current capacity of the health care delivery system to meet that need. In 2017, over 47,600 people died of opioid-related drug overdoses in the United States. In that same year, an estimated 11.4 million people aged 12 and older misused opioids, including 11.1 million misusers of prescription pain relievers and 886,000 heroin users. The majority of individuals in need of treatment do not receive it. In 2016, one-fifth (21.1%) of those with any opioid use disorder (OUD) received specialty substance abuse treatment, including 37.5% of those with heroin use disorder and 17.5% of those with prescription pain reliever use disorders."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Duff, Johnathan H.; Carter, Jameson A.
2019-06-24
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