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Avian Influenza: Agricultural Issues [Updated August 29, 2006]
"A strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) has spread throughout Asia since 2003, infecting mostly poultry but also a limited number of humans. The virus reached Europe in 2005, and the Middle East and Africa in 2006. Officials believe this strain may enter North America later in 2006 through migratory flyways. Avian flu is highly contagious in domestic poultry, prompting strict biosecurity measures. International trade restrictions can cause significant economic effects. A different strain of H5N1 was found in wild swans in Michigan in August 2006. This low pathogenicity strain does not pose the same threat as highly pathogenic H5N1. Controlling avian flu in poultry is seen as the best way to prevent a human pandemic from developing, by reducing the number of animal hosts in which the virus may evolve. This report mainly covers avian flu in poultry, and will be updated."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Monke, James
2006-08-29
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Avian Influenza: Agricultural Issues [May 10, 2006]
"A strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) has spread throughout Asia since 2003, infecting mostly poultry but also a limited number of humans. The virus reached Europe in 2005, and the Middle East and Africa in 2006. Officials believe H5N1 may enter North America later in 2006 through migratory flyways. Avian flu is highly contagious in domestic poultry. Strict biosecurity measures are practiced by commercial poultry farms and encouraged by governments. The economic effects of avian flu outbreaks can be significant, especially given international trade restrictions. Controlling avian flu in poultry is seen as the best way to prevent a human pandemic from developing, by reducing the number of animal hosts in which the virus may evolve. This report mainly covers avian flu in poultry, and will be updated."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Monke, James
2006-05-10
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Avian Influenza: Agricultural Issues [Updated March 10, 2006]
"Since the fall of 2003, a strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) has spread throughout Asia, infecting mostly poultry but also a limited number of humans. The virus reached Europe in 2005, and the Middle East and Africa in 2006. Avian flu is highly contagious in domestic poultry. Strict biosecurity measures are practiced by commercial poultry farms and encouraged by governments. The economic effects of avian flu outbreaks can be significant, especially given international trade restrictions. Controlling avian flu in poultry is seen as the best way to prevent a human pandemic from developing, by reducing the number of animal hosts in which the virus may evolve. This report mainly covers avian flu in poultry, and will be updated."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Monke, James
2006-03-10
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Avian Influenza: Agricultural Issues [Updated November 10, 2005]
"Since the fall of 2003, a strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) has spread throughout Asia, infecting mostly poultry but also a limited number of humans. In recent months, the virus has spread into parts of Europe. Controlling avian flu in poultry is seen as the best way to prevent a human pandemic from developing, by reducing the number of animal hosts in which the virus may evolve. Avian flu can be highly contagious in domestic poultry. Strict biosecurity measures are practiced among commercial poultry farms and are encouraged by governments. The economic effects of any avian influenza outbreak can be significant, especially given international trade restrictions. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Monke, James
2005-10-11
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Avian Influenza: Multiple Strains Cause Different Effects Worldwide [Updated May 14, 2004]
"Since the fall of 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) has spread throughout Asia, infecting mostly poultry but also a limited number of humans. Officials are concerned that the virus could mutate to allow human-to-human transmission. The situation in Asia has raised the awareness of this disease in the U.S. In February and March 2004, a low pathogenicity avian flu surfaced in Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey (H7N2), and another strain was found in Pennsylvania (H2N2). One highly pathogenic strain (H5N2) surfaced in Texas. In British Columbia, Canada, a highly pathogenic strain (H7N3) was discovered in March, and an H5 strain was found in May. While low pathogenicity avian flu (LPAI) is not uncommon, the strain in Texas is the first highly pathogenic (HPAI) case in the U.S. since 1983-1984. Federal and state officials have responded by depopulating (destroying) flocks, imposing quarantines, conducting extensive surveillance, and providing funding. On April 1, USDA [United States Department of Agriculture] announced that the HPAI outbreak in Texas was eradicated. In Canada, however, the disease has spread extensively and depopulation is underway. Only a few strains of avian flu have been known to affect humans, and no humans in the U.S. have been known to be infected. In Canada, however, two workers in the response were infected and have recovered. Because human infection is possible, public health guidelines have been published. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Monke, James
2004-05-14
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