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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [January 30, 2015]
From the summary: "The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were authorized by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adjust to import competition and dislocation caused by trade liberalization. Trade liberalization, which is widely held to increase the economic welfare of all trade partners, can also cause adjustment problems for import-competing firms and workers. TAA has long been justified on grounds that TAA may be the least disruptive option for offsetting policy-driven trade liberalization. The TAA programs for workers, firms, and farmers represent an alternative to policies that would restrict imports, and so provide assistance while bolstering freer trade and diminishing prospects for potentially costly tension (retaliation) among trade partners. Since the 1990s, debates over trade liberalization have increasingly focused on the changing nature of trade in an era of globalization--especially the emergence of global value chains (GVCs). GVCs are organized and coordinated by multinational companies (MNCs) and now account for about 70% of global trade in goods and services and capital goods. Numerous studies and statistical data show that GVCs offer the potential for small- and medium-size firms to become more integrated into international trade and produce higher value-added products. Although many small- and medium-size enterprises (or SMEs) have built strong ties to large U.S. exporters, a potential question is whether the Economic Development Administration (EDA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, through the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, could assist trade-impacted firms in developing relationships with MNCs, as well as analyzing the necessary conditions that would allow TAAF-participating firms to have a realistic chance to do so. This report discusses the TAAF program and policy issues, as well as legislation to reauthorize the TAAF program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bolle, Mary Jane
2015-01-30
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [August 4, 2014]
"The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were authorized by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adjust to import competition and dislocation caused by trade liberalization. Trade liberalization, which is widely held to increase the economic welfare of all trade partners, can also cause adjustment problems for import-competing firms and workers. TAA has long been justified on grounds that TAA may be the least disruptive option for offsetting policy-driven trade liberalization. The TAA programs for workers, firms, and farmers represent an alternative to policies that would restrict imports, and so provide assistance while bolstering freer trade and diminishing prospects for potentially costly tension (retaliation) among trade partners. Since the 1990s, debates over trade liberalization have increasingly focused on the changing nature of trade in an era of globalization--especially the emergence of global value chains (GVCs). GVCs are organized and coordinated by multinational companies (MNCs) and now account for about 70% of global trade in goods and services and capital goods. Numerous studies and statistical data show that GVCs offer the potential for small- and medium-size firms to become more integrated into international trade and produce higher value-added products. Although many small- and medium-size enterprises (or SMEs) have built strong ties to large U.S. exporters, a potential question is whether the Economic Development Administration (EDA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, through the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, could assist trade-impacted firms in developing relationships with MNCs, as well as analyzing the necessary conditions that would allow TAAF-participating firms to have a realistic chance to do so."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Harrison, Glennon J.
2014-08-04
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [August 5, 2013]
"Trade liberalization can enhance the economic welfare of all trade partners, but in adjusting to greater competition, many import-competing firms and workers face difficult problems. Since 1962, Congress has responded to these adjustment costs by authorizing trade adjustment assistance (TAA) programs for workers, firms, and farmers, and continues to monitor their performance and amend the governing legislation. This report discusses the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, which provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in a dynamic international economy. Legislation has been introduced in the 113th Congress that would reauthorize TAA programs, which are set to expire on December 31, 2013. President Obama also has supported TAA reauthorization, linking it to renewal of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2013-08-05
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [January 28, 2013]
"Although trade liberalization can enhance the economic welfare of all trade partners, it also causes difficult adjustment problems for some import-competing firms and workers. Congress has responded to these problems with trade adjustment assistance (TAA) programs for workers, firms, and farmers. This report discusses the TAA for Firms (TAAF) program and related policy issues. Congress first authorized TAA in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (P.L. 87-794), including a new firm and industry assistance program, now administered by the Economic Development Administration (EDA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce. It provides technical assistance to help trade-affected firms make strategic adjustments to improve their competitiveness in a dynamic global economy. The 111th Congress reauthorized a more extensive TAA program for firms that expanded eligibility to services firms, increased authorized funding levels, provided greater flexibility for a firm to demonstrate eligibility for assistance, established new oversight and evaluation criteria, created a new position of Director of Adjustment Assistance for Firms, and required submission to Congress of a detailed annual report on the TAAF program. Congress allowed those expanded provisions to expire on February 13, 2011, but the 112th Congress, in passing the Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-4), extended the firms program through December 31, 2013,with many, of the enhanced program provisions reinstated retroactively, including extending benefits to services firms. It is funded annually at $16 million."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2013-01-28
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [January 27, 2012]
"Trade liberalization can enhance the economic welfare of all trade partners, but in adjusting to greater competition, many import-competing firms and workers face difficult problems. Since 1962, Congress has responded to these adjustment costs by authorizing trade adjustment assistance (TAA) programs for workers, firms, and farmers. This report discusses the firms program, which provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in a dynamic international economy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2012-01-27
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [February 4, 2008]
"Economists generally agree that trade liberalization enhances the economic welfare of all trade partners, but in compelling firms and workers to face stiffer global competition, can also cause adjustment problems. Congress has responded by authorizing three programs to assist trade-impacted workers, firms, and farmers. This report focuses on the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) program for firms, which provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in the changing international economy. TAA program authorization lapsed on October 1, 2007 and was operating under a temporary extension through December 31, 2007. The House has passed a second three-month extension and a new five-year reauthorization bill. Neither bill has been passed in the Senate. This report will be updated periodically."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2008-02-04
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [Updated January 18, 2008]
"Economists generally agree that trade enhances the economic welfare of all trading partners, but in compelling firms and workers to face stiffer global competition, can also cause adjustment problems. Congress has responded by authorizing three programs to assist trade-impacted workers, firms, and farmers. This report focuses on the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) program for firms, which provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in the changing international economy. The program authorization lapsed on October 1, 2007 and is operating under a temporary extension through December 31, 2007. The House has passed a second three-month extension and a new five-year reauthorization bill. The Senate did not pass either bill before adjourning. This report will be updated periodically."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2008-01-18
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [October 30, 2007]
"Although free trade provides benefits to all trading partners, reducing barriers to trade forces firms and workers in all countries to adjust to stiffer global competition. For some, the adjustment process can be difficult and Congress, in recognizing this problem, has authorized three programs to assist trade-impacted firms, farmers, and workers. This report focuses on the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) program for firms, which provides technical assistance to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in the changing international economy. The TAA for firms program was reauthorized through FY2007 at $16 million per year and extended on a pro rated basis through December 2007 by P.L. 110-89. This report will be updated periodically."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2007-10-30
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic Program, and Policy Issues [October 2, 2007]
"Although free trade provides benefits to all trading partners, reducing barriers to trade forces firms and workers in all countries to adjust to stiffer global competition. For some, the adjustment process can be difficult and Congress, in recognizing this problem, has authorized three programs to assist trade-impacted firms, farmers, and workers. This report focuses on the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) program for firms, which provides technical assistance to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in the changing international economy. The TAA for firms program was reauthorized through FY2007 at $16 million per year and extended on a pro rated basis through December 2007 by P.L. 110-89. This report will be updated periodically."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2007-10-02
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues [Updated August 10, 2007]
This report discusses the implementation of trade adjustment assistance for firms, a congressional measure to protect U.S. interests in the international economy. "Although free trade provides benefits to all trading partners, reducing barriers to trade forces firms and workers in all countries to adjust to stiffer global competition. For some, the adjustment process can be difficult and Congress, in recognizing this problem, has authorized three programs to assist trade-impacted firms, farmers, and workers. This report focuses on the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) program for firms, which provides technical assistance to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in the changing international economy. The TAA for firms program was reauthorized through FY2007 at an annual funding level of $16 million as part of the Trade Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-210). This report will be updated periodically."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.)
2007-08-10
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