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Defense Primer: Congress's Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces [Updated November 13, 2018]
From the Document: "The power 'To declare War' has long been construed to mean not only that Congress can formally take the nation into war, but also that it can authorize the use of the Armed Forces for military expeditions that may not amount to war. While a restrictive interpretation of the power 'To declare War' is possible, for example, by viewing the Framers' use of the verb 'to declare' rather than 'to make' as an indication of an intent to limit Congress's ability to affect the course of a war once it is validly commenced, Congress's other powers over the use of the military would likely fill any resulting void."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Elsea, Jennifer
2018-11-13
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Pakistan's Sindh Province [October 29, 2015]
"Sindh is one of Pakistan's four provinces, accounting for roughly one-quarter of the country's population in less than 18% of its land area. Its provincial capital, Karachi, is among the world's largest megacities, and also the site of significant sectarian, ethnic, and political violence. Covering more than 54,000 square miles of southeastern Pakistan (about the size of Florida, see Figure 1), Sindh stretches from the Jacobabad district in the north to the vast Indus River delta wetlands abutting the Arabian Sea and India in the south, and from the thinly-populated Dadu district in the west to the Thar Desert and a militarized border with India to the east (see Figure 2). One-third of Pakistan's 650-mile Arabian Sea coastline is in Sindh. The vast majority of Sindh's residents live at or near the final few hundred miles of the Indus's course.[…] This memorandum responds to your [Hon. Brad Sherman] request for information on Pakistan's Sindh province, including specific discussion of its Thatta and Badin districts. Content may appear in other CRS products. Please contact me if you need further assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2015-10-29
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Overview of Farm Safety Net Programs [August 12, 2015]
"The federal 'farm safety net' provides risk protection and financial support to U.S. farmers. The three components are the permanently authorized federal crop insurance program, farm commodity programs (crop years 2014-2018), and permanently authorized agricultural disaster programs. The 2014 farm bill (the Agricultural Act of 2014; P.L. 113-79) enhanced crop insurance, revised commodity programs, and retroactively authorized four disaster programs beginning in FY2012. During the next 10 years, the combined federal cost of the farm safety net is expected to average about $13.5 billion per year, based on estimates from the Congressional Budget Office. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers the programs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shields, Dennis A.
2015-08-12
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