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Revision of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Guidance: An Update on the Drafting Process
"On 27-29 November 2007, the WHO Global Influenza Programme (GIP) convened a working group meeting in Geneva, Switzerland to begin the process of updating WHO's pandemic influenza preparedness guidance. [...] The updated WHO pandemic influenza preparedness and response guidance 'package' is scheduled for publication in December 2008."
World Health Organization
2008-07-16
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Triggers and Actions for Influenza Pandemic Response in Wisonsin
"This document describes surveillance triggers for major state and local pandemic response activities in Wisconsin. It is based on a CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] framework introduced in March 2008 that describes seven pandemic intervals."
Wisconsin. Division of Public Health
2008-07-15
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Mississippi Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan: Functional Annex 7.0
This document is the state of Mississippi's pandemic influenza preparedness and response plan effective July 10, 2008. "This Plan establishes a framework for management of State-wide operations in response to a sudden, pervasive influenza associated illness with appropriate, structured and well-designed responses. It establishes policies and procedures by which the State shall coordinate local, State, and Federal preparedness and response efforts for PI; and identifies addresses, analyzes, and provides a broad series of guidelines for action in case the influenza pandemic threat is realized and covers all events and activities deemed by the State Health Officer, or his designee, to require a coordinated Statewide response. The Plan embraces the National Response Plan (NRP) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS) as fundamental guidance for PI preparedness and response and is amended and updated to reflect evolving guidance and requirements of the NRP and NIMS. The State of Mississippi Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and the MSDH Emergency Support Function (ESF)-8 Concept of Operations Plan for Public Health and Medical Emergencies (CONOPS Plan) provide an organizational structure to allow emergency medical services personnel and health care facilities to work together in a collaborative way and to provide assistance in situations where local resources are overwhelmed. This Plan is based on policies and procedures established within these two documents and serves as a Functional Annex to the CONOPS Plan."
Mississippi. State Department of Health
2008-07-10
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Pandemic Flu Preparedness and Response: Leaving No One Behind
This document discusses how current preparedness efforts are leaving especially vulnerable people behind. The document includes area recommendations and legislative activities that are supported by the American Public Health Association.
American Public Health Association
2008-07-09?
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2008 Arizona Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan
"An outbreak of a highly pathogenic and transmissible Type A Influenza virus has the potential to negatively impact our communities and our livelihoods. Arizona's goal, and the goal of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is to minimize the impact of a pandemic influenza event on Arizonans. The response to a pandemic influenza event is not only a public health emergency, but will require the strength and resolve of years of emergency preparedness and response planning, system capabilities, and partnership development. It will require local and state agencies, non-governmental organizations, and others to work closely to slow the spread of the pandemic, protect Arizona's critical infrastructure, and to ensure Arizona can quickly restore social and economic legitimacy following the pandemic experience. The 2008 Arizona Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan (Plan) was compiled as a coordinated effort among over 25 local, state, and federal agencies and non-governmental organizations. The Plan addresses three main strategic goals: (1) ensure continuity of operations of state agencies and continuity of state government; (2) protect citizens; and (3) sustain and support 17 critical infrastructure sectors and key assets."
Arizona. Department of Health Services
Gerard, Susan
2008-07-09
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Texas Department of State Health Services Pandemic Influenza Plan Operational Guidelines
The goals of this plan are to minimize serious illness, hospitalizations, and death and to preserve critical infrastructure during an influenza pandemic. The plan also outlines steps to minimize social disruption in Texas resulting from an influenza pandemic.
Texas. Department of State Health Services
2008-07-06
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Partnering with Federal Agencies: Closed Point of Dispensing Option
This fact sheet provides a description of federal closed point of dispensing sites as an alternative to traditional methods of dispensing antibiotics to identified populations within 48 hours.
Strategic National Stockpile (Program)
2008-07-03
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Coordinated Implementation of Community Response Measures (Including Social Distancing) to Control the Spread of Pandemic Respiratory Disease: A Guide for Developing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for Public Health, Law Enforcement, Corrections, and the Judiciary
"This document was developed during 2007-2008 by the Public Health and Law Enforcement Emergency Preparedness Workgroup (hereinafter the Workgroup). The Workgroup received resource support from the Coordinating Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and was established by CDC's Public Health Law Program in partnership with the U.S. Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Assistance"
United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2008-07
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Michigan Pandemic Influenza Plan, Draft 3.5
The Michigan Pandemic Influenza Plan provides guidance to state agencies and departments on preparedness and response activities to counter the anticipated impact of a pandemic influenza outbreak.
Michigan. Department of Community Health
2008-07
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South Carolina Mass Casualty Plan Annex 2: Pandemic Influenza - Draft
This planning guidance is based on information provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in the 'HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan -- November 2005', by the Homeland Security Council in the 'National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Implementation Plan' and by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the 'Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States -- Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions.' South Carolina has correlated sub-phases to direct emergency operations specific to South Carolina's Emergency Operations Plans.
South Carolina. Department of Health and Environmental Control
2008-07
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Pandemic Influenza Business Planning Toolkit
"This Pandemic Influenza Business Planning Toolkit was developed to help businesses think through critical issues related to pandemic influenza planning, create comprehensive plans to address these needs, and to provide a consistent approach for all those involved. This Toolkit provides the resources needed to develop a business continuity plan, and serves as a supplement to Preparing for an Influenza Pandemic: A Guide to Planning for Business."
Missouri. Department of Health & Senior Services
2008-07
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New Mexico Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan (NM PIOP)
This document is the state of New Mexico's pandemic influenza response plan effective July 2008. "In response to the scope and complexity of the 2008 'Federal Guidance to Assist States in Improving State-level Pandemic Influenza Operating Plans,' New Mexico designed and implemented a planning strategy that required that all New Mexico Government agencies participate in the creation of a comprehensive plan. While many states delegated the majority of the responsibility for writing the plan to a single or a limited number of agencies, New Mexico decentralized the planning process and distributed the task across all state agencies. The editing and compilation of agency responses was managed by the New Mexico Department of Health Pandemic Influenza Strike Team. The Strike Team, composed of epidemiologists, health emergency planners, administrators, clerical staff and human resource specialists, provided oversight of the planning process. The Team, convened under the leadership of Dr. C. Mack Sewell, New Mexico State Epidemiologist, was assigned responsibility for guiding completion of the New Mexico Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan (PIOP). […] New Mexico views the PIOP as a living document and understands that it will benefit from successive and more sophisticated revisions. Not all state agencies chose to participate in the planning process. Twenty-seven of thirty critical agencies participated. The absence of contributions from those not participating weakens this plan. Strategies for assuring their participation during future iterations have been developed."
New Mexico. Department of Health
2008-07
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Public Health and Medical Preparedness and Response: Issues in the 110th Congress [June 16, 2008]
"The 2001 terrorist attacks, Hurricane Katrina, and concerns about an influenza ('flu') pandemic have sharpened congressional interest in the nation's systems to track and respond to public health threats. The 109th Congress passed laws that reauthorized public health and medical preparedness and response programs in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and reorganized parts of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including the establishment of an Office of Health Affairs (OHA). In its second session, the 110th Congress has continued its oversight of the implementation of these laws, focusing in particular on (1) how well equipped HHS and DHS are -- in terms of authority, funding, policies, and workforce -- to respond to complex health emergencies; (2) how well they and other federal agencies coordinate their efforts with each other; (3) the status of major federal initiatives, such as pandemic flu preparedness, biodefense research and development, and disaster planning for at-risk populations; and (4) the effect of the impending presidential transition on authorities and programs that were established during the current administration. This report, which will be updated, discusses key issues in public health and medical preparedness and response, citing additional CRS reports and other resources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lister, Sarah A.
2008-06-16
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Food, Nutrition and Livelihood Preparedness for a Pandemic Influenza Disaster: Guidance for Low-income Countries
"This document was prepared by an inter-agency working group with input from a range of private voluntary organizations, UN [United Nations] agencies and the various members of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement. It was prepared to complement the health guidance prepared by many of the same organizations. The purpose of this document is to advise a wide range of community leaders and aid planners about the possible threats of a readily-transmissible influenza virus with a high case fatality rate which, as occurred in 1918-1919, has the potential to kill tens of millions of people in the span of several months, the time it takes the disease agent to travel from city to city around the world. The specific focus is the consequence of an unknown new strain of virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family, extreme outbreaks of which appear to occur worldwide every 20 to 30 years. It is useful to consider a range of scenarios of how a pandemic may play out. The highly transmissible and fatal strains may end up being contained and well-treated in many scenarios. It is only the rare and infrequent pandemic in which tens or hundreds of millions of people may be at risk. But it is these worst-case scenarios that merit the most planning and are the focus of this document. The premise of this document is that health authorities would identify a new strain of influenza via the WHO [World Health Organization] Global Influenza Surveillance Network, and leaders and aid works within countries would commence to take a sequence of actions to protect communities from not only the medical hazards posed by the influenza, but also the secondary food, nutrition and livelihood consequences."
United States. Agency for International Development
Hansch, Steve
2008-06-15
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Public Health Emergency Planning: Developing Emergency Response Triggers for Infectious Disease Outbreaks
This documents discusses how to develop emergency response triggers for infectious disease outbreak emergency planning.
Medina County (Ohio). Medina County Health Department
Bechtel, Justin S.
2008-06-03
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Pandemic Influenza Surge Plan to Manage In-Hospital Deaths Planning Tool
The purpose of this planning document is to help New York City healthcare facilities prepare to manage numerous fatalities likely to occur from a pandemic influenza event.
New York (N.Y.). Office of Chief Medical Examiner
2008-06
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At-Risk Popluations and Pandemic Influenza: Planning Guidance for State, Territorial, Tribal, and Local Health Departments
"This guidance offers public information and recommendations to health departments on how they can provide support to at-risk populations in such an event. Although not the primary audience, community-based organizations (CBOs), faith-based organizations (FBOs), non-profit service providers, businesses, etc, will also find the guidance useful for identifying key areas where they should collaborate with the public health departments to reach at-risk populations."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2008-06
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Major Issues and Challenges of Influenza Pandemic Preparedness in Developing Countries
"Better preparedness for an influenza pandemic mitigates its impact. Many countries have started developing and implementing national influenza pandemic preparedness plans. However, the level of preparedness varies among countries. Developing countries encounter unique and difficult issues and challenges in preparing for a pandemic. Deaths attributable to an influenza pandemic could be substantially higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries. Pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccines and antiviral agents are less likely to be available in developing countries. The public health and clinical infrastructure of developing countries are often inadequate to deal with a widespread health crisis such as an influenza pandemic. Such an event will inevitably have a global effect. Therefore, improving pandemic preparedness in every country, particularly developing ones, is urgently needed."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Oshitani, Hitoshi
2008-06
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At-Risk Populations and Pandemic Influenza: Planning Guidance for State, Territorial, Tribal, and Local Health Departments
"In 2007, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to develop guidance for state, territorial, tribal, and local health departments on at-risk populations in an influenza pandemic. ASTHO worked with state, local, tribal, and territorial health agencies; federal entities including CDC; and other key stakeholders to develop this guidance. Certain populations are at increased risk of harm during an influenza pandemic; special provisions, plans, and procedures must be arranged prior to an event to ensure the health and safety of these groups. Prior to this project, there was no specific national guidance in place to direct the development of such plans. […] Both CDC and ASTHO recognize that many entities have work in progress to develop plans and procedures for at-risk populations in emergencies. This guidance differs from those projects because of its singular focus on pandemic influenza. While many of the recommendations provided in this guidance will be applicable to all-hazards planning, specific considerations come into play in an influenza pandemic that cannot be addressed in all-hazards planning. Influenza pandemics will be widespread events that affect all jurisdictions. They occur over extended periods of time, affect the entire country, and may include a series of waves rather than one isolated outbreak. During a severe pandemic, hospitals and other healthcare centers are likely to be overwhelmed with patients, and business may experience a substantial reduction in staff."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2008-06
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Fact Sheet: United States International Engagement on Avian and Pandemic Influenza
"The United States Government remains concerned about ongoing outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in birds, and the potential for a global influenza pandemic in humans that could have major health, economic and social consequences. To date, the United States Government has allocated over $6.9 billion in funding to address these threats domestically and internationally. The United States is working with countries and international organizations to respond to this challenge. President Bush announced the International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza (IPAPI ) during the United Nations General Assembly in September 2005. The goals of the International Partnership include: Elevating avian and pandemic influenza issues on national agendas; Coordinating efforts among donor and affected nations; Mobilizing and leveraging resources; Increasing transparency in disease reporting and improving surveillance; and Building local capacity to identify, contain and respond to an influenza pandemic."
United States. Department of State
2008-05-13
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Pandemic Influenza Isolation Precautions for Hospitalized Patients
This document outlines necessary steps for isolating pandemic influenza hospital patients. Topics include room placement, necessary personal protective equipment for staff, environmental services, and employee health guidelines.
Sonoma County Department of Health Services (Calif.)
2008-05-08?
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Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas
"Response to agricultural emergencies, whether attributed to agroterrorism or naturally occurring outbreaks of food contamination or animal disease, often requires immediate (within hours) isolation and/or quarantine of potential infection or contamination areas. For example, with a Foreign Animal Disease (FAD), federal, state, and local agencies will all be involved in a response. Research indicates that the economic impact of the outbreak is a function of the time it takes to enforce quarantine and eradicate or control the infection. It is essential that emergency quarantine and isolation control guidelines and procedures that can be implemented immediately at the local level are available to local responders. Traditional methods of containment (i.e., posting law enforcement officers to control travel) are not feasible in many potentially affected areas; thus, more innovative methods are needed that can be implemented in partnership with law enforcement, military (Active, Reserve, and Guard), the private sector, transportation agencies, media outlets, and others at the local and state levels. The objective of this research is to prepare a guide that establishes recommended practices and procedures associated with traffic control on local and state roads during agricultural emergencies. The research will focus on quarantine and isolation controls that are related to identified containment areas and need to be established within a suitable time frame. There is a need to be able to implement recommendations with minimal resources typically available in a rural region."
National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Graham, Jerry L.
2008-05
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Preparing for Pandemic Influenza: Supplementary Guidance for Local Resilience Forum Planners
This guidance was produced following an initial analysis of the Local Resilience Forum (LRF) pandemic influenza multi-agency plans. The document provides an introduction to multi-agency planning and outlines each of the essential elements of the LRF as well as those areas considered to be the least developed following the initial analysis of plans.
Great Britain. Cabinet Office. Civil Contingencies Secretariat
2008-05
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Pandemic Influenza: 2007 Annual Progress Update: Minnesota Department of Health Activities
This report outlines significant progress made by the, Minnesota Department of Health in 2007 in preparing for pandemic influenza. The agency plays a key role in a, wide variety of areas--everything from laboratory analysis to stockpiling antiviral medication, from helping the, healthcare community plan for a surge of patients to coordinating care of the deceased.
Minnesota. Department of Health
2008-05-01?
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Pandemic Influenza Planning in the United States from a Health Disparities Perspective
This document "explored how different socioeconomic and racial/ethnic groups in the United States might fare in an influenza pandemic on the basis of social factors that shape exposure, vulnerability to influenza virus, and timeliness and adequacy of treatment. We discuss policies that might differentially affect social groups' risk for illness or death. Our purpose is not to establish the precise magnitude of disparities likely to occur; rather, it is to call attention to avoidable disparities that can be expected in the absence of systematic attention to differential social risks in pandemic preparedness plans. Policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels should consider potential sources of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities during a pandemic and formulate specific plans to minimize these disparities."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Blumenshine, Philip; Reingold, Arthur
2008-05
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Quarantine and Isolation: Selected Legal Issues Relating to Employment [Updated April 30, 2008]
"The emergence and rapid spread of a new avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its potential for causing a human influenza pandemic have given rise to issues relating to the use of quarantine and isolation. Questions relating to employment are among the most significant issues, since, if individuals fear losing their employment or their wages, compliance with public health measures such as isolation or quarantine may suffer. Although the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which allows an employer to terminate an employee from employment for any reason other than those prohibited by statute, is generally applicable, there is an exception to this doctrine for public policy reasons. This report examines the employment-at-will doctrine, possible application of the public policy exception in the case of a potential influenza pandemic, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and possible application of the nondiscrimination mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The report will be updated as developments warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jones, Nancy Lee; Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2008-04-30
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Nursing Homes Administrators: Deciding to Evacuate or Shelter in Place in the Event of a Disaster
"Nursing home administrators have a range wide of complex duties in order to be effective leaders. However, one weighty duty that is not often discussed is the nursing home administrator's obligation to determine, in the event of a disaster, should the nursing home residents shelter in place or evacuate. Given the gravity of the decision-making, the potential loss of life and substantial harm that might be incurred, insufficient attention has been given subject (Fairchild, 2006). This paper explores this issue and related matters: 1. What has happened in this country in the past decade to heighten our awareness of the need for disaster planning? 2. What federal laws and regulations are currently in force to guide us on this question? 3. How have the emergency operations structure changed since the September 11, 2001 and the subsequent organization of the Department of Homeland Security? 4. What are some of the critical questions in making a determination? 5. What are additional questions and factors the nursing home administrator and the county emergency operations leadership will take into consideration in making a decision? 6. What are some of the lessons learned about how nursing homes respond to disasters? 7. What are the advantages of the newly defined system? "
LoriHefner.com
Hefner, Lori
2008-04-28
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Florida Natural Disease Outbreak and the Pandemic Influenza Fatality Management Response Plan [Draft]
"During a widespread natural disease outbreak or a pandemic, such as an influenza pandemic, local authorities have to be prepared to manage additional deaths due to the disease, over and above the number of fatalities from all causes currently expected during the inter-pandemic period. Within any locality, the total number of fatalities from the outbreak (including influenza and all other causes) occurring during a 6- to 8- week pandemic wave is estimated to be similar to that which typically occurs over six months in the inter-pandemic period. This guide aims to assist local planners and funeral directors in preparing to cope with large-scale fatalities due to an influenza (or other naturally occurring disease) pandemic. A number of issues have been identified, which should be reviewed with the local medical professionals and institutions, Medical Examiner's district offices, local authorities, including police, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), vital records offices, city or county attorneys, funeral directors, and religious groups/authorities." Plan developed and maintained by Florida Emergency Mortuary Operations Response System (FEMORS) for the Florida Medical Examiners Commission.
University of Florida
2008-04-11
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Florida Natural Disease Outbreak and the Pandemic Influenza Fatality Management Response Plan
"This document contains guidelines to help localities prepare to manage the increased number of deaths due to a natural disease event, such as an influenza pandemic. In a pandemic, the number of deaths will be over and above the usual number of fatalities that a locality would typically see during the same time period. This document will also augment the State of Florida, Department of Health Influenza Pandemic Annex to the Emergency Operations Plan (Version 9.1, February 2, 2006)."
Florida. Medical Examiners Commission
2008-04-11
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Ethical Guidance for Rationing Scarce Health-Related Resources in a Severe Influenza Pandemic: Literature and Plan Review
From the Background: "There is no one-size-fits-all ethical framework for rationing plans for mild, moderate, and severe pandemics. Unlike a mild pandemic, a severe pandemic has the potential to cripple normal business operations and disrupt the distribution of essential goods and services globally, including in Minnesota. Unlike other disasters, during a severe pandemic states and communities cannot count on receiving federal assistance. This impact on societal functioning makes planning for a severe pandemic unique. While planning is underway at the federal level, the federal government has made it clear that states should develop their own pandemic plans, including plans for rationing scarce resources. This literature and plan review is part of the Minnesota Pandemic Ethics Project, a collaborative effort that is developing recommendations for the ethical rationing of five health-related resources that will be scarce in a severe influenza pandemic: antiviral medications, N95 respirators (N95s), surgical masks, vaccines and mechanical ventilators. How best to ration during a global public health disaster of such duration, severity and scope raises novel ethical issues. For example, when should antiviral medications be rationed for prevention vs. treatment? When should patients be removed from ventilators so that patients more likely to benefit can be given a chance at survival? Should the supply of N95s be reserved for essential workers?"
University of Minnesota. Center for Biomedical Ethics; Minnesota Center for Health Care Ethics
Prehn, Angela Witt; Vawter, Dorothy E.
2008-04-01