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Compound Risk Analysis of Natural Hazards and Infectious Disease Outbreaks
From the Executive Summary: "The multiyear nature of the coronavirus disease [2019] (COVID-19) pandemic provides the conditions for a compound event. The likelihood of a natural hazard occurring in a country affected by COVID-19 is high. This compound risk scenario is not theoretical, but one which has played out across the member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC). Flooding in Afghanistan in May 2020, in the Kyrgyz Republic in May 2020, and in Georgia in August 2020 are some examples. Similarly, a 5.9 magnitude earthquake in February 2021 affected Pakistan and Tajikistan. CAREC member countries will continue to face compound risk, not just for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, but on an ongoing basis, as various types of natural hazards potentially co-occur and compound each other. Compound risk occurs when two or more shock events overlap, inducing additional pressure on social and physical vulnerability and/or initiating a chain of further stressors. In theory, the impact of a compound event are potentially much higher than those of two events occurring discretely. Damage to physical and social infrastructure and existing emergency needs occupy the bandwidth of government, civil society, households, and businesses. Additional pressure from a new shock may deepen existing vulnerabilities and undermine response efforts."
Asian Development Bank
2022-04
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Athena Agenda: Advancing the Apollo Program for Biodefense
From the Executive Summary: "The exploitation of wildlife through hunting and trade facilitates opportunities for animal-human interactions and zoonotic disease transmission. Furthermore, advances in DNA sequencing, gene-editing, and synthetic biology (among others) hold the promise of profound advances in healthcare, crop and environmental sustainability, and economic growth. Unfortunately, these are dual-use technologies that could yield accidental, unintended, and deliberate misuse by creating deadly pathogens or disrupting ecological balances. [...] 'The Athena Agenda: Advancing The Apollo Program for Biodefense' contains additional recommendations to execute The Apollo Program, building on the Commission's previous work and taking into consideration the efforts of current and former Administrations and Congresses. This report provides the following specific governance and technology recommendations to implement The Apollo Program for Biodefense and identifies the US government organizations responsible for leadership and accountability, though certain actions may require or benefit from public-private partnerships."
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense
2022-04
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Using Donald Trump's COVID-19 Vaccine Endorsement to Give Public Health a Shot in the Arm: A Large-Scale Ad Experiment
From the Abstract: "We report a large-scale randomized controlled trial designed to assess whether the partisan cue of a provaccine message from Donald Trump would induce Americans to get COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccines. Our study involved presenting a 27-second advertisement to millions of U.S. YouTube users in October 2021. Results indicate that the campaign increased the number of vaccines in the average treated county by 103. Spread across 1,014 treated counties, the total effect of the campaign was an estimated increase of 104,036 vaccines. The campaign was cost-effective: with an overall budget of about $100,000, the cost to obtain an additional vaccine was about $1 or less."
National Bureau of Economic Research
Larsen, Bradley; Hetherington, Marc J., 1968-; Greene, Steven H., 1972- . . .
2022-04
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COVID-19 and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: A Working Paper on the Consequences of the Current Crisis
From the Introduction: "The impact of current events goes beyond the borders of one state or continent, rather affecting the whole world. The provision of food goods and production supplies, as well as maintaining price stability, have become the world's most important challenge after the second year of the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Moreover, Russia's war on Ukraine has exacerbated the global economic situation, with its repercussions coinciding with those of the pandemic and the recession that countries are still trying to recover from. Wheat prices have risen over the past year as a result of the decline in the proportion of global crops and supply in the face of strong and growing demand, making the consequences of this war extremely serious for wheat and grain markets in general and supply chains. On its first day, the war led to a 6% increase of wheat prices, and this increase may not be the last in the coming period, due to concerns about the consequences of the war on farmers and producers. Moreover, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has resulted in high oil and gas prices, increased transport and insurance costs, instability of trade and disruption of traffic in Russian and Ukrainian ports, as well as restriction of bank transfers to and from Russia only."
Association of the Mediterranean Chambers of Commerce and Industry; Ghurfah al-Tijārīyah al-Miṣrīyah li-Muḥāfaẓat al-Iskandarīyah
2022-04
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Despair and Resilience in the U.S.: Did the Covid Pandemic Worsen Mental Health Outcomes?
From the Abstract: "The COVID [coronavirus disease] pandemic was an unprecedented shock to U.S. society at a time when the nation was already coping with a crisis of despair and related deaths from suicides, overdoses, and alcohol poisoning. COVID's impact was inequitable: Deaths were concentrated among the elderly and minorities working in essential jobs, groups who up to the pandemic had been reporting better mental health. Yet how the shock has affected society's well-being and mental health is not fully understood. Exploring the impact by comparing 2019 to 2020 as reflected in nationally representative data sets, we found a variety of contrasting stories. While data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the 2020 Household Pulse Survey (HPS) show that depression and anxiety increased significantly, especially among young and low-income Americans in 2020, we found no such changes when analyzing alternative depression questions in the 2019-20 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Nevertheless, for the same period determinants of mental health were similar in the NHIS, BRFSS, and HPS data. We also explored whether the pandemic affected physical health and behaviors by examining Emergency Medical Services (EMS) data calls related to behavior, overdoses, suicide attempts, and gun violence. [...] Our results highlight two findings: (1) Scholars investigating mental and behavioral health trends must be cautious about relying too heavily on a single dataset; results generated from different data may differ considerably. (2) High metropolitan rates of depression and anxiety may be correlated with higher rates of suicide and overdose years later."
Brookings Institution. Global Economy and Development
Graham, Carol, 1962-; Dobson, Emily; Hua, Tim . . .
2022-04
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Economic Case for Federal Investment in COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics Remains Strong
From the Document: "Vaccines and therapeutics have greatly reduced rates of severe illness and death from COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. On March 2, the Biden administration formally requested [hyperlink] an additional $22.5 billion in COVID-19 response funding, most of which would have supported additional investments in the development, manufacturing, and procurement of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics. The Biden administration subsequently stated [hyperlink] that, without new funding, it would have to wind down most federal efforts related to the production and procurement of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics. Congressional negotiations are ongoing and appear on track to produce a much smaller [hyperlink] package of funding, if any new funding is approved at all. [...] We argue that there is a strong economic case for continued federal investment in COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics. In brief, the private sector on its own will invest too little because COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics generate enormous benefits for public health and the macroeconomy that private firms can only very partially capture. Preexisting uninsurance and underinsurance, especially among vulnerable populations, also hinder access to preventive measures and treatment. Direct federal investment in development, manufacturing, and procurement of vaccines and therapeutics--and in ensuring affordable access to these products--has been key to overcoming these challenges to date and will remain important in the future. Over the longer term, policymakers could consider assigning the health insurance system a larger role in paying for these activities, but doing so in a sensible way will take time and require legislative changes."
Brookings Institution; University of Southern California. Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics
Athey, Susan; Conti, Rena M.; Fiedler, Matthew . . .
2022-04-01
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Taking Stock After Two Years of Covid-19
From the Executive Summary: "When it became known in early 2020 that Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] was becoming a global pandemic, it also became clear that governmental responses to the pandemic would have significant effects on democracy and human rights. At that time, International IDEA [Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance] (supported by the European Union) began a programme to track what governments did and how that affected democracy and human rights. Now, with two years of data from International IDEA's Global Monitor of Covid-19's Impact on Democracy and Human Rights (Global Monitor), we can take stock of what has happened, and in which areas the events align with or differ from our expectations about how a pandemic might affect these vital areas of public life. This report uses data from the Global Monitor to specifically examine the effects of the pandemic responses in six broad areas: (1) emergency legal responses and civil liberties, (2) freedom of movement, association, and assembly, (3) freedom of expression and media integrity, (4) privacy rights and contact tracing applications, (5) women's rights and minority rights, and (6) vaccination and fundamental rights. In each of the sections, the report describes the global trends in each of these areas, highlights cases that illustrate both positive and negative examples, and considers what the upcoming challenges will be."
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
Gibaja, Alberto Fernández; Hirakawa, Atsuko; Hudson, Alexander . . .
2022-04
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Digital Health Credentials and COVID-19: Can Vaccine and Testing Requirements Restart Global Mobility?
From the Introduction: "More than two years into the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, rising vaccination levels and widespread testing in many countries are giving governments and the public increasing confidence in international travel. A central part of these efforts to restart mobility are digital health credentials, which verify a person's vaccination, testing, and/or recovery status and thus help minimize the risk that travelers will be carrying the virus or its variants. Such digital credentials are increasingly common, both for international travel and to access domestic services and venues. [...] This report examines the implications of digital health credentials for international travel and domestic access to services and venues, before exploring the implications for specific groups of people on the move (tourists and business travelers, students, labor migrants, asylum seekers and refugees, and unauthorized migrants). Finally, it offers policy recommendations to facilitate mobility and minimize risks for people on the move, along with key principles that should underpin long-term planning around digital credentials."
Migration Policy Institute
Huang, Lawrence
2022-04
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COVID-19: Current and Future Federal Preparedness Requires Fixes to Improve Health Data and Address Improper Payments, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "By the end of March 2022, the U.S. had about 80 million reported cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and over 980,000 reported deaths, according to CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]. The country also experiences lingering economic repercussions related to the pandemic, including rising inflation and ongoing supply chain disruptions. As of February 28, 2022 (the most recent date for which data were available), the federal government had obligated $4.2 trillion and expended $3.6 trillion for pandemic relief. These amounts reflect 91 and 79 percent, respectively, of the total amount of COVID-19 relief funds provided by the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act and five other relief laws. The CARES Act includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on its ongoing monitoring and oversight efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report--GAO's 10th comprehensive report--examines the federal government's continued efforts to respond to, and recover from, the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, GAO's March 17, 2022 testimony included 10 new legislative suggestions to enhance the transparency and accountability of federal spending, which we reiterate here."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-04
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Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) in Adults
From the Introduction: "Public Health Ontario (PHO) is actively monitoring, reviewing and assessing relevant information related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This rapid review concentrates on results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, updating the evidence on the prevalence of PACS [post-acute COVID-19 syndrome], PACS symptoms by organ system and risk factors for developing PACS. The update includes more meta-analyses and primary research with larger sample sizes and includes a new section reporting on the impacts of PACS on daily living. This rapid review replaces 'Persistent Symptoms and Post-Acute COVID-19 in Adults - What We Know So Far' (April 9, 2021)."
Public Health Ontario
2022-04
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Coordination to Reduce Barriers to Reentry: 'Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Beyond'
From the Introduction: "Each year, about 600,000 people in the United States enter prisons; and at the same time, people are sent to jails across our country over 10 million times per year. Individuals returning to their communities after a term of imprisonment face a number of barriers to success, including housing insecurity, inability to access health care, food insecurity, and barriers to education and employment. These longstanding barriers were exacerbated during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and compounded by additional hurdles, including limited access to government and community-based services and support. Yet, despite the pandemic's tragic toll, new resources and creative solutions emerged, providing innovative approaches to combating barriers to reentry and to assisting justice system-impacted individuals. This report represents the efforts of six federal agencies, joined in collaboration with the Department of Justice, to study the impact of COVID-19 on longstanding barriers to reentry, to review efforts taken to ease those barriers, and to collaborate on efforts to improve successful outcomes for those returning home after contact with the criminal legal system."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Public Affairs; Federal Interagency Reentry Council (FIRC)
2022-04
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Global Strategy to Manage the Long-Term Risks of COVID-19
From the Abstract: "The pandemic is not over, and the health and economic losses continue to grow. It is now evident that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] will be with us for the long term, and there are very different scenarios for how it could evolve, from a mild endemic scenario to a dangerous variant scenario. This realization calls for a new strategy that manages both the uncertainty and the long-term risks of COVID-19. There are four key policy implications of such as strategy. First, we need to achieve equitable access beyond vaccines to encompass a comprehensive toolkit. Second, we must monitor the evolving virus and dynamically upgrade the toolkit. Third, we must transition from the acute response to a sustainable strategy toward COVID-19, balanced and integrated with other health and social priorities. Fourth, we need a unified risk-mitigation approach to future infectious disease threats beyond COVID-19. Infectious diseases with pandemic potential are a threat to global economic and health security. The international community should recognize that its pandemic financing addresses a systemic risk to the global economy, not just the development need of a particular country. Accordingly, it should allocate additional funding to fight pandemics and strengthen health systems both domestically and overseas. This will require about $15 billion in grants this year and $10 billion annually after that."
International Monetary Fund
Agarwal, Ruchir; Farrar, Jeremy; Gopinath, Gita, 1971- . . .
2022-04
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Coronavirus and the Widening Global North-South Gap
From the Summary: "The European Union (EU) has a growing interest in investing in the Global South as the bloc seeks to fill a niche amid the geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China, find new allies in support of multilateralism, and diversify its international relations in pursuit of its norms and interests. But the union's policies and ambitions are underinformed by empirical research on how the Global South views the EU and Europe as a whole. This paper presents the initial results of an eighteen-month-long project conducted by Carnegie Europe and the Open Society European Policy Institute (OSEPI) that explored perspectives on Europe's international role through the eyes of the Global South."
Carnegie Europe
Balfour, Rosa; Bomassi, Lizza; Martinelli, Marta
2022-04
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China's Faltering 'Zero COVID' Policy: Politics in Command, Economy in Reverse
From the Introduction: "After COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] emerged in Wuhan two years ago, it spread rapidly around the world, infecting hundreds of millions and taking over six million lives. After subduing the initial outbreak, China shut its door to the pandemic by imposing a strict regime of residential lockdowns and business shutdowns, quarantines, mass testing, and stringent border controls. The response--which Beijing calls 'dynamic clearing' (动态 清零), but is widely known as zero COVID--succeeded in keeping the virus at bay for nearly two years. It is a policy that Chinese president Xi Jinping and his minions have used to fortify China's aspirations to global leadership and to solidify Xi's unchallenged political position atop the Chinese Communist Party. The policy's initial effectiveness--after the initial Wuhan outbreak killed several thousand Chinese citizens--provided a wellspring of propaganda for Beijing to declare the superiority of its policies and political system as competitors, most notably the United States, struggled at times to contain the disease."
Atlantic Council of the United States. Global China Hub
Mark, Jeremy; Schuman, Michael, 1968-
2022-04
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Rx PLA: The PLA Medical System's Role in China's Efforts to Fight COVID-19
From the Abstract: "Established on September 13, 2016, the PLA's [People's Liberation Army's] Joint Logistics Support Force (JLSF) oversees a variety of logistics functions, including PLA hospitals and medical services. Less than four years after its establishment, the JLSF faced its first real test in January 2020 when Xi Jinping called on the PLA to assist civilian efforts to control the initial COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak in Wuhan. In the two years since, PLA medical institutions and personnel have played a key role in China's efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, both domestically and internationally. In this paper, we examine the PLA's response to the COVID-19 pandemic to derive broad observations about the PLA's role in responding to a public health emergency and insights about the PLA medical system's capabilities."
CNA Corporation
Holz, Heidi A.; Waidelich, Brian
2022-04
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 22 Issue 1, August 6, 2022
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: 'New "In Our Boots' PSAs highlight safe driving messages to protect responders on roadways"; "CDC adds wastewater surveillance data to COVID-19 Data Tracker"; "FEMA releases new Hazus tools for estimating risk from natural disasters"; "Webinar: Lessons learned from the post-George Floyd and Capitol protests"; "Mitigating attacks against uninterruptable power supply devices"; "State-sponsored Russian cyber actors targeted Energy Sector from 2011 to 2018"; "FBI releases PIN on ransomware straining local governments and public services"; and "Hundreds of HP printer models vulnerable to remote code execution."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2022-03-31
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Owning the Conversation: Assessing Responses to Russian and Chinese Information Operations Around COVID-19
From the Introduction: "The crisis around COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and the resulting 'infodemic' has been exploited by authoritarian regimes to spread propaganda and disinformation among populations around the world. The Russian Federation and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have used the pandemic to engage in information warfare, spread divisive content, advance conspiracy theories, and promote public health propaganda that undermines US and European efforts to fight the pandemic. In 2021, the Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) published two reports, Information Bedlam: Russian and Chinese Information Operations During COVID-19 and Jabbed in the Back: Mapping Russian and Chinese Information Operations During COVID-19, comparing how the Kremlin and CCP have deployed information operations around the COVID-19 pandemic, virus origins, and efficacy of the vaccines to influence targeted populations globally, using the infodemic as a diplomatic and geopolitical weapon. The CCP mainly spread COVID-19 narratives to shape perceptions about the origins of the coronavirus and often push narratives to shun responsibility."
Center for European Policy Analysis
Zakem, Vera; Lucas, Edward, 1962-; Lamond, James
2022-03-31?
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Audit of Entitlements for Activated Army National Guard and Air National Guard Members Supporting the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Mission
From the Objective: "The objective of this audit was to determine whether the process for activating Army National Guard (ARNG) and Air National Guard (ANG) members in response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ensured that entitlements were accurately identified and processed."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
2022-03-30
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Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic for Future Public Health Communications
From the Introduction: "Since September 2020, The Rockefeller Foundation has commissioned Hattaway Communications to conduct quantitative and qualitative surveys on Americans' attitudes towards Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] actions, addressing testing, vaccines, incentives, and mandates. These surveys have provided the public health community with a better understanding of people's attitudes toward the pandemic at major inflection points. This sixth and final survey wave focused on the long-term changes in how Americans think, feel, and act. It examined how living through the pandemic shifted how we view ourselves in relationship to each other and the structures and systems that guide healthcare and policy."
Rockefeller Foundation. State and Territory Alliance for Testing; Hattaway Communications
2022-03-29
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 29, 2022: Effectiveness of Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Doses Following 1 Ad.26.COV2.s (Janssen [Johnson & Johnson]) Vaccine Dose Against COVID-19-associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults -- VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-March 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Effectiveness of Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Doses Following 1 Ad.26.COV2.s (Janssen [Johnson & Johnson]) Vaccine Dose Against COVID-19-associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults -- VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-March 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-03-29
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Freedom of Information Act: Selected Agencies Adapted to COVID-19 Challenges but Actions Needed to Reduce Backlogs, Statement of James R. Mctigue, Jr., Director, Strategic Issues, Testimony Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate
From the Highlights: "FOIA [Freedom of Information Act] seeks to improve the public's access to government information and promote openness and accountability in government. However, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic presented challenges for FOIA administration by significantly affecting how federal employees performed their work as agencies adopted a maximum telework posture and limited on-site work. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to testify on FOIA government-wide performance and the associated impact of the pandemic. Specifically, this statement summarizes the results from GAO's previously issued reports on (1) government-wide FOIA performance for fiscal year 2020 compared to fiscal year 2019 and long-term trends from fiscal years 2012 through 2020; (2) selected agencies' initial pandemic-related challenges and their use of leading practices to maintain FOIA operations; (3) selected agencies' continuing challenges with FOIA request backlogs; and (4) selected agencies' use of proactive information disclosures--making records publicly available without waiting for specific requests."
United States. Government Accountability Office
McTigue, James R., Jr.
2022-03-29
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Military Response to Omicron and COVID-19: Federal Armed Forces and National Guard [Updated March 28, 2022]
From the Document: "On November 26, 2021, the World Health Organization designated the Omicron mutation [hyperlink] of the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] virus a 'variant of concern.' Since then, Omicron has become the dominant strain [hyperlink] of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States. After a case surge from December 2021 through mid-January 2022, COVID-19 cases in the United States have dropped, with hospitalizations and deaths following the same trend after a short delay. The deployment of military and National Guard personnel remains an issue for Congress given the role they both played in responding to the Omicron COVID-19 surge and the role that they might play in the event of a future surge of a new variant. [...] The U.S. Army North [hyperlink], U.S. Northern Command's Joint Force Land Component Command, manages the Department of Defense's COVID-19 response operation in support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Health and Human Services. Since August 2021 [hyperlink], 'approximately 1,275 military medical personnel from the U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy are continuing to work alongside civilian healthcare providers in civilian hospitals, helping treat COVID-19 patients in a total of 30 states and the Navajo Nation.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fischer, Hannah
2022-03-28
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COVID-19 Travel Restrictions Installation Status Update [As of March 28, 2022]
This is the U.S. Department of Defense Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)-related military travel restriction guide as of March 21, 2022, based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As reported in the document, "Travel Restrictions 'LIFTED' at 213 of 230 Installations (93%)[.] [...] Of the 213 installations with lifted travel restrictions this week, 2 reinstated travel restrictions while 0 lifted restrictions."
United States. Department of Defense
2022-03-28
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Breakthrough on a Potential COVID-19 Intellectual Property Rights Waiver [March 25, 2022]
From the Document: "On March 15, 2022, the United States [hyperlink], the European Union (EU), India, and South Africa reached agreement on a proposed 'TRIPS' patent waiver for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. The Director-General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) [hyperlink] welcomed the compromise among key players in the debate as a 'major step forward,' [hyperlink] but stressed the need to finalize details. The broader WTO membership is expected to discuss the proposed agreement as WTO decisions generally are by consensus. These developments present issues for Congress including regarding the congressional role, COVID-19 medical incentives and global vaccine access, and U.S. trade policy in advancing intellectual property rights (IPR)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias
2022-03-25
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 25, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Tuberculosis - United States, 2021"; "Lessons Learned from Programmatic Gains in HIV Service Delivery During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic - 41 PEPFAR [U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief]-Supported Countries, 2020"; "Health Needs and Use of Services Among Children with Developmental Disabilities - United States, 2014-2018"; "Effectiveness of mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death -United States, March 2021-January 2022"; "COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status - COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021-January 2022"; "Erratum"; and "Quick Stats." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-03-25
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 25, 2022: Use of at-Home COVID-19 Tests -- United States, August 23, 2021-March 12, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Use of At-Home COVID-19 Tests -- United States, August 23, 2021-March 12, 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-03-25
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COVID-19 Support
This document released by the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment titled "COVID-19 Support" outlines the ways in which the department has enhanced its precautions against the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic., as well as the budgetary adjustments made in response.
United States. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment
2022-03-25
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): COVID-19 Emergency Temporary Standards (ETS) on Health Care Employment and Vaccinations and Testing for Large Employers [Updated March 24, 2022]
From the Summary: "On June 21, 2021, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) promulgated an Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) for the prevention of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in health care employment settings. On December 27, 2021, OSHA announced that it was withdrawing all provisions of this ETS, with the exception of certain COVID-19 reporting requirements. On November 5, 2021, OSHA promulgated a separate ETS that requires employers with 100 or more employees to require that all employees either be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by January 4, 2022, or test negative for COVID-19 weekly in order to work onsite. After earlier actions by the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Fifth and Sixth Circuits, on January 13, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court granted a stay of the OSHA COVID-19 vaccination and testing ETS pending additional judicial review by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. On January 25, 2022, OSHA announced that it was withdrawing all provisions of this ETS. The ETS will continue to serve as a proposed permanent standard subject to normal rulemaking. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) gives OSHA the ability to promulgate an ETS that would remain in effect for up to six months without going through the normal review and comment process of rulemaking. OSHA, however, has rarely used this authority prior to the COVID-19 pandemic--not since the courts struck down its ETS on asbestos in 1983."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
2022-03-24
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Oversight of Multifamily Borrowers' Compliance with Cares Act and Freddie Mac Tenant Protections and Freddie Mac's Response to the Potential Financial Impact of COVID-19
From the Executive Summary: "In March 2020, the onset of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic prompted Congress, FHFA [Federal Housing Finance Agency], and Freddie Mac to act to protect the interests of tenants in multifamily properties financed by federally backed multifamily mortgage loans. Congress enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act or the Act), which imposed a 120-day moratorium that prohibited all borrowers with federally backed multifamily loans (referred to in this report as 'borrowers,' 'lessors,' or 'landlords') from filing legal actions to recover possession of a covered dwelling unit from a tenant solely due to the nonpayment of rent or other fees or charges. The Act also prohibited multifamily borrowers whose loans were in forbearance from evicting tenants, or initiating eviction actions against tenants, during the forbearance period solely for the nonpayment of rent. Freddie Mac's forbearance program provides the same tenant protections and also requires borrowers in forbearance to notify eligible tenants in writing and inform them of the available protections. In June 2020, at FHFA's direction, Freddie Mac expanded its tenant protections requirement for borrowers entering into a forbearance to allow tenants to pay back missed rent payments over a 'reasonable time,' rather than in one lump-sum payment at the end of the forbearance period. [...] We undertook this special project, in part, to determine how Freddie Mac monitored multifamily servicers' and borrowers' compliance with the CARES Act's and Freddie Mac's forbearance program tenant protections."
United States. Federal Housing Finance Agency. Office of Inspector General
2022-03-24
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General Debate on the Impact of Long Covid on the UK Workforce
From the Background: "The latest data from the Office for National Statistics [hyperlink] (ONS) estimates that 1.5 million people in the UK (2.4% of the population) were experiencing long Covid [coronavirus disease] as of the end of January. This is based on self-reporting of Covid symptoms persisting for over four weeks. 71% of those reporting long Covid first had (or suspected they had) Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] at least twelve weeks prior to the study. 65% of those reporting long Covid said that it adversely affected their day-to-day activities. Fatigue is the most common reported symptom of long Covid (reported in 51% of cases), followed by shortness of breath (35%). Reported long Covid was most common in those aged 35-49, females, people living in more deprived areas, those employed in education or health and social care, and people who already had another health condition or disability that limits their day-to-day activities."
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Library
Powell, Andrew; Powell, Tom, 1976-; Baker, Carl . . .
2022-03-22
