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Report 13: Estimating the Number of Infections and the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European Countries
From the Summary: "Following the emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread outside of China, Europe is now experiencing large epidemics. In response, many European countries have implemented unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions including case isolation, the closure of schools and universities, banning of mass gatherings and/or public events, and most recently, widescale social distancing including local and national lockdowns. In this report, we use a semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model to attempt to infer the impact of these interventions across 11 European countries. Our methods assume that changes in the reproductive number - a measure of transmission - are an immediate response to these interventions being implemented rather than broader gradual changes in behaviour. Our model estimates these changes by calculating backwards from the deaths observed over time to estimate transmission that occurred several weeks prior, allowing for the time lag between infection and death."
Imperial College London
Flaxman, Seth; Mishra, Swapnil; Gandy, Axel
2020-03-30
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Overview of Section 1135 and Section 1115 Waivers
From the Document: "On March 13, President Trump issued an emergency declaration under both the 'National Emergencies Act' and the 'Robert T. Stafford Act' concerning the Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease]. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Azar had declared a public health emergency under Section 319 of the Public Health Services Act on January 31. The president's declaration empowers the HHS secretary to authorize the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to take proactive steps to address key health system needs through Section 1135 waivers and Section 1115 demonstrations for disaster response. The purpose of the waiver authority is to allow a temporary relaxation of certain regulatory requirements so that CMS and states can ensure that sufficient health care services are available to meet the needs of individuals when and where an emergency is experienced. In determining what action may be needed, below are considerations for governors on the flexibilities available to states through section 1135 waivers and section 1115 demonstrations."
National Governors' Association
McBride, Bill
2020-03-30
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Phone Advice Line Tools: Guidelines for Children (2-17 Years) or Adults (≥18 Years) with Possible COVID-19
This document includes an "initial phone script, accompanying decision algorithm, and tailored care advice messages" for conversing with possible COVID-19 patients.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-03-30?
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COVID-19 Resources & Information by State
This document covers COVID 19-related resources and information by State.
National Restaurant Association (U.S.)
2020-03-30
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Chinese State Media Seeks to Influence International Perceptions of COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "'Recorded Future analyzed data from several Western social media platforms from January 1 to March 9, 2020 to determine how the Chinese state exploits social media to influence Western public perceptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. This report details those techniques and campaigns using data acquired from the Recorded Future® Platform, social media sites, and other OSINT [open-source intelligence] techniques. This report will be of most value to government departments, geopolitical scholars and researchers, and all users of social media.'"
Recorded Future, Inc.
2020-03-30?
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COVID-19 and the Displaced: Addressing the Threat of the Novel Coronavirus in Humanitarian Emergencies
From the Introduction: "The world is gripped by a truly global public health emergency. From New York to Wuhan, attention and resources are being directed to fight the spread of COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel coronavirus (officially, SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]). On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the situation a pandemic. Healthcare systems in even the most advanced countries are being overwhelmed. As the pandemic spreads, the coronavirus will disproportionately impact the world's most vulnerable, among them refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced people (IDPs). These populations must be included in the global response to the virus. This is essential to protecting not only these communities, but societies at large."
Refugees International (Organization)
2020-03-30?
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COVID-19 Carelessness: Which Canadians Say Pandemic Threat is 'Overblown'? And How Are They Behaving in Turn?
From the Document: "Since the novel coronavirus took root in Canadian communities, opinion about the threat it poses has evolved: from initial curiosity and skepticism to widespread acceptance and anxiety of the power and speed with which it spreads. But even as the number of cases in Canada exceeds 5,500 and now touches almost every part of the nation, one in every eight adults is of the view that the threat of a coronavirus outbreak is 'overblown'. Now, a new study from the non-profit Angus Reid Institute shows this cohort - more cavalier in their approach to the virus that has ground Canadian society to a halt and caused an economic crisis - differs significantly from those who say they take the risk seriously, especially when it comes to distancing and hygiene."
Angus Reid Institute
2020-03-30
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Infection Prevention and Control in the Household Management of People with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
From the Scope: "This document provides guidance on infection prevention and control (IPC) measures for people with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who are experiencing mild symptoms that do not require hospitalisation, therefore self-isolating at home."
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-03-30
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Public Health Recommendations for Community Related Exposure
From the Document: "Public health recommendations have been updated to accommodate new scientific evidence, evolving epidemiology and the need to simplify risk stratification. New recommendations are based on: [1] Growing evidence of transmission risk from infected persons without symptoms or before the onset of recognized symptoms; [2] Increased community transmission in many parts of the country; [3] A need to communicate effectively to the general public and to simplify implementation for public health authorities; [4] Limitations in access to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] testing and increasing number of cases diagnosed clinically Continued focus on reducing transmission through social distancing of individuals in affected areas"
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-03-30
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Economic Realities and Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic--Part I: Financial Markets and Monetary Policy
From the Document: "The measures to combat the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic will substantially reduce economic activity for an uncertain period. The size, scope, and speed of this economic contraction, as well as the great uncertainty surrounding policy and economic outcomes, are unprecedented. As a result, financial markets have been under great stress, prompting a quick reaction by the Federal Reserve."
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Martin, Fernando
2020-03-30
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Building Solidarity: Challenges, Options, and Implications for COVID-19 Responses
From the Abstract: "Social solidarity is a critical tool in the response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, as political leaders call for major disruptive changes to everyday life and sacrifices for collective well-being. In this white paper, we shed light on the nature of social solidarity; how it might the affect attitudinal and behavioral changes needed to confront the crisis; potential obstacles to solidarity as a result of the particular biomedical properties of the virus and of society and politics more generally; and factors aiding in the building of solidarity. We conclude with several plausible strategies to foster solidarity, including those focused on public messaging - such as cueing 'linked fate' or emphasizing high-risk behaviors rather than groups-- and policies - such as fair and transparent rules for public health tools, sustained economic support funds, and excess profits taxes. Promoting solidarity must supplement 'technical' solutions because the efficacy of the latter will depend on the former."
Edmond J. Safra Foundation Center for Ethics
Cammett, Melani; Lieberman, Evan S.
2020-03-30
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Economic Realities and Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic--Part II: The Economy and Fiscal Policy
From the Document: "The measures to combat the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic will substantially reduce economic activity for an uncertain period. In Part 1 of this essay I discussed the impact on financial markets and the Federal Reserve's response. In Part II, I focus on the broader economy and the fiscal policy response."
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Martin, Fernando
2020-03-30
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Screening Clients at Entry to Homeless Shelters
From the Document: "[This document] is a simple screening tool that can be used to identify people with symptoms that indicate they might have a respiratory infection. Although not every person who has respiratory infection symptoms will have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), using this tool during community spread of COVID-19 may help separate those who are more likely to have COVID-19 from the general population at entry to a homeless shelter or other homeless service program. If someone screens positive for symptoms, they should be directed to where they can stay, either within the shelter or at another location, according to a predesignated plan developed with the local Continuum of Care (CoC), public health department, and community leadership."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-03-30
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2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Interim Guidance for Home and Community Healthcare Workers
From the Document: "This guidance is intended for home healthcare workers who provide healthcare to individuals in a home residence or community setting (e.g., outreach on the street). It provides general safety and health guidance in relation to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-2019)."
New York (N.Y.). Department of Health
2020-03-30
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Providing Federal Support for Governors' Use of the National Guard to Respond to COVID-19: Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense [And] the Secretary of Homeland Security, March 30, 2020
From the Document: "It is the policy of the United States to take measures to assist State Governors under the Stafford Act in their responses to all threats and hazards to the American people in their respective States and territories. Considering the profound and unique public health risks posed by the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], the disease caused by the novel (new) coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (''the virus''), the need for close cooperation and mutual assistance between the Federal Government and the States is greater than at any time in recent history. [...] All States have activated their Emergency Operations Centers and are working to fight the spread of the virus and attend to those who have symptoms or who are already infected with COVID- 19."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2020-03-30
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Uncertainty Channel of the Coronavirus
From the Document: "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], has severely disrupted economic activity through various supply and demand channels. The pandemic can also have pervasive economic impact by raising uncertainty. In the past, sudden and outsized spikes in uncertainty have led to large and protracted increases in unemployment and declines in inflation. These effects are similar to those resulting from declines in aggregate demand. Monetary policy accommodation, such as interest rate cuts, can help cushion the economy from such uncertainty shocks."
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Leduc, Sylvain, 1969-; Liu, Zheng
2020-03-30
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Unprecedented Stock Market Reaction to COVID-19
From the Abstract: "No previous infectious disease outbreak, including the Spanish Flu, has impacted the stock market as powerfully as the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic. We use text-based methods to develop this point with respect to large daily stock market moves back to 1900 and with respect to overall stock market volatility back to 1985. We also argue that policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic provide the most compelling explanation for its unprecedented stock market impact."
Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics
Baker, Scott R. (Scott Ross); Bloom, Nick, 1973-; Davis, Steven J. . . .
2020-03-30
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report - 70
From the Highlights: "[1] No new countries/territories/areas reported cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in the past 24 hours. [2] WHO [World Health Organization] has updated the operational planning guidelines to help countries maintain essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document includes a set of immediate actions that countries should consider at national, regional, and local level to reorganize and maintain access to high-quality essential health services for all."
World Health Organization
2020-03-30
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Reduced Workflows and Staffing Guidance for Non‐clinical Operations: COVID‐19 Resource Packet
From the Document: "Health centers are serving on the frontline, providing critical health care services in communities dealing with the coronavirus and COVID‐19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This packet contains procedures and workflows informed by health centers who are currently implementing reduced and/or telework staffing models specific to non‐clinical services and functions. These materials are offered as general samples for health centers as they determine the most appropriate and tailored operations appropriate for their organization, staff, patients and community."
National Association of Community Health Centers; Coleman Associates
2020-03-30
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March 30, 2020: Impact of COVID-19 on Persons Experiencing Homelessness
This is the March 30, 2020 Daily COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) report from the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF). It focuses on the changes in the police response to homelessness resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Police Executive Research Forum
2020-03-30
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COVID-19 Responses in the Juvenile Justice System
From the Document: "As the number of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases increases, governors are taking action to limit the spread of this disease, including coordinating with correctional leaders to prevent and limit the spread and risk to justice-involved populations. As an extension of the call NGA [National Governors' Association] recently held for the Criminal Justice Policy Advisor (CJPA) network on state responses for adult correctional facilities, this memorandum summarizes promising practices and potential strategies that governors and state leaders may consider adopting to address the impact of COVID-19 in the juvenile justice system. Topics covered include releasing youth from juvenile facilities, limiting new admissions to facility, limiting in-person visitation and contact in community supervision, and continuing education and programming."
National Governors' Association
McBride, Bill
2020-03-30
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Postsecondary Strategies for COVID-19
From the Summary: "Postsecondary education in states is a complicated ecosystem that connects oversight of adult basic education, workforce training programs, veterans' programs, community colleges, universities, and student support structures. In order to respond effectively and efficiently to the COVID 19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, it is necessary to align these systems."
National Governors' Association
McBride, Bill
2020-03-30
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Los Angeles Must Make Bold, Decisive Changes in Its Justice System to Respond to COVID-19
From the Document: "With each day, the number of people infected with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in Los Angeles increases. There are more than 2,000 confirmed cases within the county already and at least 37 deaths. The numbers are expected to surge in the coming days and weeks. To curb the spread of the virus, public officials in Los Angeles have ordered Angelenos to stay home, avoid gatherings of 50 or more within a confined space, and limit contact with others generally. But social distancing--or any other practices known to prevent and contain COVID-19--simply cannot happen in the local criminal justice system. During arrest, people are handcuffed and held in close quarters with others, unable to cover their faces if they sneeze or cough. The same happens in courts daily, exponentially increasing the likelihood of spread. The jails are veritable petri dishes for COVID-19, with thousands of people incarcerated in proximity to each other and hundreds of officers and staff coming and going from the facilities daily. Finally, community-based reentry service providers lack personal protective equipment and resources to help people transition safely back to the community."
Vera Institute of Justice
2020-03-30
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COVID-19 and the Defense Industrial Base: DOD Response and Legislative Considerations [Updated March 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The Department of Defense (DOD) relies on a 'defense industrial base' (DIB) for the products and services that enable DOD's warfighting capabilities. The DIB includes private-sector commercial companies ranging in size from small businesses to some of the world's largest enterprises--all of which have been impacted by the economic pressures associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. For additional related resources, see the CRS [Congressional Research Service] COVID-19 homepage."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peters, Heidi M.
2020-03-30
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Courts and COVID-19 [March 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The spread of the respiratory disease COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has prompted far-reaching responses affecting many areas of American life. As Americans strive to practice social distancing to limit the spread of the novel coronavirus that causes the disease, the United States federal courts have implemented various measures designed to protect litigants, jurors, court personnel, and members of the public, and to reduce the obstacles to litigation arising from the pandemic. As this Sidebar discusses in more detail, the courts generally possess significant discretion to modify their procedures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are some areas where further changes would require congressional action."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lampe, Joanna R.
2020-03-30
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COVID-19: International Trade and Access to Pharmaceutical Products [March 30, 2020]
From the Document: "As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues, governments and the private sector have begun assessing the possibility of developing medical countermeasures (e.g., vaccines, antiviral treatments) to improve patient recovery rates and contain the virus's spread. Some Members of Congress have expressed concern about access to, and the affordability of, any potential countermeasures. As outlined in this CRS [Congressional Research Service] Sidebar, Congress can take, and has taken, several steps to address these issues, some of which may raise questions under U.S. law. This Sidebar addresses how certain congressional or executive actions intended to increase access to medical countermeasures might be viewed under the rules of the international trade regime, including: (1) exclusion from patent protection; (2) compulsory licensing of patented products; and (3) increasing domestic capacity."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hart, Nina M.
2020-03-30
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Legal Issues Related to the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview [Updated March 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak has rapidly shifted the congressional agenda in recent weeks, while altering the daily lives of millions of American residents. Alongside the many medical, economic, social, and public policy questions raised by the pandemic are a range of legal issues. These include both short-term legal questions related to the unfolding outbreak as well as longer-term legal issues that are anticipated to persist in the wake of the crisis. Among the most immediate questions are those related to the scope of state and federal authorities concerning quarantine measures, travel and entry restrictions, the movement of medical goods, health care coverage, and the like. Of more ongoing concern may be legal issues ranging from those related to the development of vaccines, testing, treatments, and other medical countermeasures, to postponing national elections, to civil liability for COVID-19 exposure, to criminal actions related to hoarding and price gouging, to providing economic assistance to individuals and businesses, to foreclosure, eviction, and debt collection moratoria. This Legal Sidebar provides a list of legal resources discussing these and other legal topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lewis, Caitlain Devereaux
2020-03-30
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Taking Care of Yourself During a Public Health Emergency
From the Document: "Coping with a public health emergency can be stressful and worrisome. You may have to deal with uncertainty, concerns about your health and the health of your family and friends, a change in your routine, limited access to needed resources, and more. Thankfully there are steps you can take to care for yourself during difficult times. There are also services and supports available if you need a higher level of emotional care. [...] It's natural to feel stressed, worried, anxious, and overwhelmed during a public health emergency, but there are steps you can take to build your wellness. [Herein] are some you can try."
Mental Health Technology Transfer Center Network
2020-03-30?
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SEIR Infectious Disease Model with Testing and Conditional Quarantine
From the Abstract: "We extend the baseline Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) infectious disease epidemiology model to understand the role of testing and case-dependent quarantine. Our model nests the SEIR model. During a period of asymptomatic infection, testing can reveal infection that otherwise would only be revealed later when symptoms develop. Along with those displaying symptoms, such individuals are deemed known positive cases. Quarantine policy is case-dependent in that it can depend on whether a case is unknown, known positive, known negative, or recovered. Testing therefore makes possible the identification and quarantine of infected individuals and release of non-infected individuals. We fix a quarantine technology--a parameter determining the differential rate of transmission in quarantine--and compare simple testing and quarantine policies. We start with a baseline quarantine-only policy that replicates the rate at which individuals are entering quarantine in the US in March, 2020. We show that the total deaths that occur under this policy can occur under looser quarantine measures and a substantial increase in random testing of asymptomatic individuals. Testing at a higher rate in conjunction with targeted quarantine policies can (i) dampen the economic impact of the coronavirus and (ii) reduce peak symptomatic infections--relevant for hospital capacity constraints. Our model can be plugged into richer quantitative extensions of the SEIR model of the kind currently being used to forecast the effects of public health and economic policies."
Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics
Berger, David; Herkenhoff, Kyle F.; Mongey, Simon
2020-03-29
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USNS Comfort Arrival: Frequently Asked Questions
From the Document: "The Department of Defense and United States Navy have unique capabilities and surge capabilities that can be brought to help with the fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) virus. Our priorities are clear...1) protect our force and their families, 2) protect our readiness to defend the homelands and 3) support our interagency partners in addressing the crisis. We are committed to providing defense support to civil authorities by increasing medical capacity and collaboration for medical assistance and disaster relief in the two areas of our country that have seen tremendous impact from the COVID-19 pandemic."
United States. Department of the Navy
2020-03-29
