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Critical Care Surge Response Strategies for the 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak in the United States
From the Webpage: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is creating unprecedented stresses on hospital and health care systems. In this report, the authors present a list of strategies for creating critical care surge capacity and estimate the number of patients accommodated, given the number of available critical care doctors and nurses, respiratory therapists, ventilators, and hospital beds. They also document the development of a user-friendly, Microsoft Excel-based tool that allows decisionmakers at all levels -- hospitals, health care systems, states, regions -- to estimate current critical care capacity and rapidly explore strategies for increasing it."
RAND Corporation
Abir, Mahshid; Nelson, Christopher; Chan, Edward W. . . .
2020-04
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COVID-19 Energy Sector Response Efforts and Frequently Asked Questions
From the Document: "The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) has been closely monitoring the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) since January 31. Within CESER, the Emergency Support Function #12 (ESF#12) Energy Response Organization (ERO) is part of the federal mitigation and response to COVID-19. CESER and the ERO are holding regular calls with state and industry partners, to discuss preparations, provide awareness, and assess issues that may require federal support, including long-term concerns due to supply chain disruptions. Coordination and associated tasks and Requests for Information (RFIs) from the federal, state, and energy sector will continue into the near future."
United States. Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response
2020-04-01
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Iran's Response to the Coronavirus Crisis
From the Document: "Iran has been one of the worst hit countries by the current global outbreak of a coronavirus disease (officially known as COVID-19), with the World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledging over 4,200 deaths and 68,000 confirmed cases in the country as of April 11, 2020. A number of senior Iranian government officials have been infected--including a vice president, the deputy health minister, and over 20 members of parliament, including the speaker--and the government's response to the crisis has been criticized by both its supporters and critics. This public health crisis comes at a particularly fraught moment for the government and citizens of the Islamic Republic, amid renewed U.S. sanctions and merely months after a series of protests in late 2019. In this 'Crown Conversation', we discuss the political and historical context of the crisis, including the Iranian government's response to it, with Orkideh Behrouzan, faculty leave fellow at the Crown Center and associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at SOAS [School of Oriental and African Studies] University of London. Professor Behrouzan is a medical anthropologist and physician and the author of 'Prozak Diaries: Psychiatry and Generational Memory in Iran' (Stanford University Press, 2016)."
Crown Center for Middle East Studies; Brandeis University
Sohrabi, Naghmeh; Patel, David Siddhartha; Behrouzan, Orkideh, 1977-
2020-04?
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East Asia and Pacific in the Time of COVID-19
From the Overview: "The virus that triggered a supply and demand shock in China has now caused a global shock. Developing economies in East Asia and the Pacific (EAP), recovering from trade tensions and struggling with a viral disease, now face the prospect of a global financial shock and recession. The region's relative resilience, demonstrated during recent crises, is being tested again. Have the recent trade and health shocks sapped its ability to deal with this third shock? Steady growth, sound macroeconomic policies, and prudent financial regulation have equipped many EAP countries to deal with normal tremors. But we are witnessing an unusual combination of disruptive and mutually reinforcing events. Significant economic pain seems unavoidable in all countries and the risk of financial instability is high, especially in countries with excessive indebtedness. This exceptional situation needs an exceptional response: bold national action, deeper regional and global cooperation, and significant external assistance."
World Bank Group
2020-04
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Special Report: Impact of COVID19 on California Traffic Accidents
From the Document: "Using observations of reported traffic incidents in our real-time 'California Highway Incident Processing System' (CHIPS), the Road Ecology Center has estimated the reduction in traffic incidents on state highways and rural roads that has resulted from the Governor's 'shelter in place' order. We estimate that since the order went into effect, collisions and especially injury and fatality collisions have been reduced by half, from ~1,000 collisions and ~400 injury/fatal accidents per day to 500 and 200 per day, respectively. We also found that animal-related incidents did not experience the same reduction. We found that traffic volumes were up to 60% lower on certain highways after the order compared to a similar period prior to the order, which may account for the reduced number of collisions. We also found that peak and average traffic speeds increased slightly on certain highways, but only by a few mph. We highlight collision and injury/fatality hotspots on California highways since the shelter in place order went into effect and for a similar period in 2019. All data were derived from California Highway Patrol incident reports. This report includes maps of incident hotspots, and discusses this unexpected benefit of the shelter in place order."
University of California, Davis
Shilling, Fraser; Waetjen, David
2020-04-01
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COVID-19 Aftershocks: Secondary Impacts Threaten More Children's Lives Than Disease Itself
From the Summary: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] is not currently perceived as a major threat to children, particularly because of the relatively low number of girls and boys believed to have contracted the disease. Severe infections are rare and according to the University of Oxford, child deaths have to date been relatively few. But such positive statistics mask a much bigger threat to the world's youngest citizens. Based on evidence from the 2014-16 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, millions of girls and boys in the world's poorest and most fragile places are facing disastrous 'secondary' impacts from the pandemic that will put their lives and their futures at risk."
World Vision International
2020-04?
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Centering on Coronavirus: The Ventilator Shortage
From the Document: "As COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] cases exceed 1.5 million globally, medical supplies used to treat patients around the world are rapidly being depleted. This reality is forcing some medical professionals in particularly hard-hit areas to decide who gets access to potentially life-saving supplies and treatment, and who doesn't. The most fraught choice of all may be who gets a ventilator, a device critical for patients who are experiencing the worst respiratory symptoms of the novel coronavirus. In this issue brief, The New Center discusses the importance of ventilators in the fight against coronavirus, what is causing their current shortage, and how governments and the private sector are responding to ensure as many people as possible have access to these life-saving devices."
The New Center
Srdanovic, Aleksandra
2020-04
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COVID-19 Technical Brief for Maternity Services
From the Background: "The UNFPA [United Nations Population Fund] response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic within maternity care involves a 3-pronged approach: 1. Protect maternity care providers and the maternal health workforce; 2. Provide safe and effective maternity care to women; 3. Maintain and protect maternal health systems. Detailed practical recommendations across these 3 prongs are outlined for antenatal care, intrapartum and postnatal care. The aim of these recommendations is to provide interim guidance to reduce the risk of infection from the mother/newborn to the maternity care provider and from the maternity care provider to mother/newborn in the immediate clinical care situation."
United Nations Population Fund
Axelrod, Nicolas
2020-04
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Estimated Employment Impacts of COVID-19 on Northern California
From the Document: "In this report, The Center for Business and Policy Research makes an initial projection of the impact of the COVID‐19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic on payrolls and unemployment for metropolitan areas across the Northern California Megaregion. The projection is built up from estimates of layoffs by occupation, applied to data on occupational employment in each metro area, with further adjustments for self‐employment and commuting patterns to generate local estimates of unemployment. For California, we estimate a loss of 3.86 million jobs and an unemployment rate of 18.8% by May 2020. The overall Northern California megaregion is projected to peak at 17.7% unemployment, more than a full percentage point lower than the statewide average. We also project an additional 2.2 million California jobs are seeing a significant reduction in hours, meaning that over 6 million California jobs will be significantly impacted by COVID‐19."
University of the Pacific. Eberhardt School of Business
Michael, Jeff; Pogue, Thomas E.
2020-04
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Information for Pediatric Healthcare Providers
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is changing rapidly and continues to affect communities across the United States differently. Some of the strategies used to slow the spread of disease in communities include postponing or cancelling non-urgent elective procedures and using telemedicine instead of face-to-face encounters for routine medical visits. Ensuring the delivery of newborn and well-child care, including childhood immunization, requires different strategies. Healthcare providers in communities affected by COVID-19 are using strategies to separate well visits from sick visits. [...] Because of personal, practice, or community circumstances related to COVID-19, some providers may not be able to provide well child visits, including provision of immunizations, for all patients in their practice. If a practice can provide only limited well child visits, healthcare providers are encouraged to prioritize newborn care and vaccination of infants and young children (through 24 months of age) when possible. CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] is monitoring the situation and will continue to provide guidance."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-04-01
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Mitigating the Adverse Effects of COVID-19 on Your Business: Lessons Learnt from China
From the Introduction: "In this article, we aim to provide an overview of successful practices companies adopted to safeguard their employees and operations in China. We will also look at what leaders did to prepare their business for the months ahead, and how they plan to assess long-term consequences. Finally, we want to show that this crisis also presents an opportunity for companies to seize upon. We have gathered insights from companies and other stakeholders of China's business ecosystem, practices shared by colleagues, partners, and customers, as well as our observations and recommendations based on our own experience on the ground in China. Hopefully, these observations and best practices serve you to provide some guidance during these challenging times."
IoT ONE
2020-04
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Strengthening the Health System Response to COVID-19: Recommendations for the WHO European Region
From the Document: "The early experience in countries with large-scale community transmission (China, Iran, Italy and Spain) shows that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] requires unprecedented mobilization of health systems. By acting urgently, countries that have not yet entered community transmission may have a narrow opportunity to slow transmission and prepare their health systems to mitigate the impact of the outbreak. This note summarizes recommendations to strengthen the health system response to COVID-19 in the WHO [World Health Organization] European Region, to break chains of transmission and to diagnose and treat cases while maintaining essential services. The 16 recommendations reflect the characteristics of COVID-19, existing evidence and experience-informed practices in health system organization and financing, and emergent practices in the response to COVID-19 within the Region and globally."
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
2020-04-01
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Officer Wellness During a Global Pandemic: Long Term Recommendations for Police Leaders as They Navigate the Aftermath of COVID-19
From the Introduction: "[D]ue to the nature of police work, specifically the need for officers to violate national guidelines on social distancing to carry out their critical functions, members of law enforcement are likely at higher risk of exposure than many others in the public, save for front-line medical staff. [...] Painfully, the cost of this global pandemic on the law enforcement community will not stop at the direct loss of officer lives. Based on medical professionals' experiences with other illnesses like SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome], there is some indication that those who contract this illness and survive may still have longer lasting health complications, particularly with their respiration. While this suggestion will require additional time and evidence to prove, the lasting emotional and psychological toll of the pandemic on the law enforcement community is certain as more officers become ill and others come face-to-face with the human toll of the disease. The issue of officer wellness will never be more important than in the coming months."
Center for Public Safety Initiatives
Drake, Gregory; Altheimer, Irshad
2020-04
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Recommendations to Member States to Improve Hand Hygiene Practices to Help Prevent the Transmission of the COVID-19 Virus
From the Document: "Member States to improve hand hygiene practices widely to help prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] virus by: 1. Providing universal access to public hand hygiene stations and making their use obligatory on entering and leaving any public or private commercial building and any public transport facility. 2. Improving access to hand hygiene facilities and practices in health care facilities."
World Health Organization
2020-04-01
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RAND Critical Care Surge Response Tool: An Excel-Based Model for Helping Hospitals Respond to the COVID-19 Crisis
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic is placing extraordinary strains on the U.S. medical system, most especially hospitals. Hospitals are searching for ways to ramp up their surge capacity to provide critical care for the sickest COVID-19 patients. A team of RAND researchers undertook a quick-turn-around study to examine a range of strategies for creating critical care surge capacity in the nation's hospitals. As a part of the project, they developed a user-friendly, Microsoft Excel- based tool that allows decisionmakers at all levels--hospitals, health care systems, states, regions--to estimate current critical care capacity and rapidly explore strategies for increasing it."
RAND Corporation
Abir, Mahshid; Nelson, Christopher; Chan, Edward W. . . .
2020-04
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Executive Order in Response to COVID-19: (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 17)
From the Webpage: "WHEREAS, I, JB Pritzker, Governor of Illinois, declared all counties in the State of Illinois as a disaster area on March 9, 2020 (First Gubernatorial Disaster Proclamation) in response to the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). "
Illinois. Executive Department.
Pritzker, Jay Robert
2020-04-01
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IAFC Guidance on Public Safety Communications and 9‐1‐1 Centers During COVID‐19 Pandemic
From the Document: "During the coronavirus pandemic, it is critical that departments evaluate their communications posture and take steps to ensure the right resources, mitigation strategies, and tools are in place to manage uncertainties. Innovative thinking and rapid adaptation of procedures will enable departments to safeguard themselves and their communications during the outbreak. Based on input from the IAFC's [International Association of Fire Chiefs] Communications Committee, the association recommends that departments SCREEN, PLAN, and REEVALUATE as they prep their communications for the demands of the public health emergency."
International Association of Fire Chiefs
2020-04
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COVID-19 Models: Forecasting the Pandemic's Spread
From the Document: "With our evolving understanding of the details of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] infection and transmission, the impact of social-distancing measures and other factors, hospitals and health systems face complex forecasting challenges. A growing number of models have been developed by health care systems, academic institutions, consulting firms and others to help forecast COVID-19 cases and deaths, medical supply needs, including ventilators, hospital beds and intensive care unit (ICU) beds, timing of patient surges and more. We recognize that all forecasting is imperfect and that models often change as data are revised to reflect evolving conditions in the population. The American Hospital Association (AHA) offers this resource in response to members' interest in tools and resources that can help them make decisions that are consistent with their organizations' values and community needs."
American Hospital Association
2020-04
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COVID-19: Partnering to Address COVID-19 in Under an Hour
From the Document: "During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic, hospitals and health systems are challenged with a limited supply of screening/testing kits as well as a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for staff, ventilators, respirators, space, etc. Hospitals cannot adequately respond to these challenges alone. You will need to collaborate, and quickly, with stakeholders in the health care field and beyond to leverage your collective resources, skills and expertise. This three-step guide provides strategic considerations to form partnerships during the COVID-19 pandemic. In less than an hour, think through what you should be collaborating on, who your partners should be, and how you can work together to combat COVID-19."
American Hospital Association
2020-04
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Cleaning and Disinfection for Community Facilities
From the Purpose: "This guidance provides recommendations on the cleaning and disinfection of rooms or areas occupied by those with suspected or with confirmed COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. It is aimed at limiting the survival of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2] in key environments. These recommendations will be updated if additional information becomes available. These guidelines are focused on community, non-healthcare facilities such as schools, institutions of higher education, offices, daycare centers, businesses, and community centers that do, and do not, house persons overnight. These guidelines are not meant for cleaning staff in healthcare facilities or repatriation sites, households, or for others for whom specific guidance already exists."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-04-01
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Interim Guidance: Supportive Supervision for Volunteers Providing Mental Health and Psychosocial Support During COVID-19
From the Introduction: "During outbreaks of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease], the Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers provide services to those affected. Those impacted by the pandemic may face an array of distress because of the ongoing situation. Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers are providing crucial mental health and psychological support (MHPSS) to those who are isolated, who have lost loved ones, and who are fighting loneliness and feelings of anxiousness and feelings of depression. Volunteers are impacted by COVID-19 like everyone else worldwide. They worry about being stigmatized by family and community members, fear contracting the virus, having to be in isolation or quarantine, losing colleagues etc. Volunteers may also be affected by witnessing the death of someone they supported or be exhausted by having challenging tasks. To effectively care for and support volunteers involved in a COVID-19 response and to ensure that high quality MHPSS is being provided to the community, National Societies must establish robust volunteer care system, one that includes supportive supervision, to enhance their safety and psychosocial well-being."
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
2020-04?
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Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations: Key Actions for National Societies on Caring for Volunteers in COVID-19
From the Introduction: "Volunteers are impacted by COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] like everyone else worldwide. They worry about being stigmatized by family and community members, fear contracting the virus, having to be in isolation or quarantine, losing colleagues etc. Volunteers may also be affected by witnessing the death of someone they supported or be exhausted by having challenging tasks. To effectively care for and support volunteers involved in a COVID-19 response, National Societies must establish robust volunteer care system to enhance their safety and psychosocial well-being. If not adequately supported, volunteers may experience stress responses that could have a long-term negative impact on their psychological well-being. How volunteers cope with the impact of stressors related to corona virus responses will depend on their personal resources and resilience as well as the supports at home, in the community and organization. Furthermore, if not supported poor performance, high turnover and disillusionment among volunteers are to be expected. This guidance note is a quick reference tool for National Societies to provide effective care and support to volunteers during the different phases of a COVID-19 response."
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
2020-04
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Shielding High-Risk Populations from COVID-19 [video]
From the Webpage: "This first webinar in the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] & Humanitarian Settings series on shielding high risk populations against COVID-19 featured Francesco Checchi, Professor of Epidemiology and International Health at LSHTM [London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine], David Skinner, Save the Children Team Leader for the Rohingya Response, and was moderated by Paul Spiegel, Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health and Professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The webinar presented a range of guiding principles for protecting the most vulnerable from COVID infection in a safe and dignified manner until COVID can be controlled or a vaccine/treatment options become available."
Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health Preparedness
Checchi, Francesco; Skinner, C. David; Spiegel, Paul B.
2020-04-01
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Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings
From the Document: "Key Concepts in This Guidance: [1] Limit how germs can enter the facility. Cancel elective procedures, use telemedicine when possible, limit points of entry and manage visitors, screen patients for respiratory symptoms, encourage patient respiratory hygiene using alternatives to facemasks (e.g., tissues to cover cough). [2] Isolate symptomatic patients as soon as possible. Set up separate, well-ventilated triage areas, place patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in private rooms with door closed and private bathroom (as possible), prioritize AIIRs [airborne infection isolation room] for patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures. [3] Protect healthcare personnel. Emphasize hand hygiene, install barriers to limit contact with patients at triage, cohort COVID-19 patients, limit the numbers of staff providing their care, prioritize respirators and AIIRs for aerosol-generating procedures, implement PPE [personal protective equipment] optimization strategies to extend supplies."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-04-01
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Academy Policies and Procedures in Time of Pandemic
From the Document: "Policies and Procedures being used nationwide to address the challenges of managing a public safety academy during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] emergency."
International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Training
2020-04-01
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Unemployment, Health Insurance, and the COVID-19 Recession
From the Introduction: "The sharp reduction in US economic activity associated with public health efforts to slow the spread of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] virus is likely to result in millions of Americans losing their jobs and livelihoods, at least temporarily. The global economy is likely already in recession. Economic forecasts suggest that job losses in the second quarter of 2020 could exceed those experienced during the Great Recession. Whereas the monthly U.S. unemployment rate peaked at 10.0 percent in October 2009, Morgan Stanley forecasts unemployment to rise to 12.8 percent in the coming months, and the head of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis predicts it could rise as high as 30 percent in the second quarter. During the week ending March 21, 3.3 million workers filed initial claims for unemployment insurance, up from 211,000 claims just two weeks earlier. Adding insult to injury, many Americans who lose their jobs during this health and economic crisis could also lose their health insurance."
Urban Institute; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Gangopadhyaya, Anuj; Garrett, Bowen
2020-04
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Military, Policing, and COVID-19
From the Executive Summary: "Already today, the U.S. armed forces are providing important help here at home in the struggle against the novel coronavirus. Well over 10,000 members of the Army National Guard and Air Force National Guard have been mobilized to help with things like setting up more hospital capacity, transporting supplies, and providing other logistics. Other personnel, some retired, who have 'Individual Ready Reserve' status are in some cases being activated when their particular skills in medicine or other crucial fields can help. They are typically doing so under what is called Title 32 of the U.S. code, whereby they are paid by the federal government but controlled by the governors of the individual states where they operate. We need to prepare for a much larger, and more fraught, potential role for the American armed forces in this crisis as well. In short, they may need to backstop and backfill certain police forces. With 15% of the New York Police Department recently reporting sick due to COVID-19, self-quarantining measures, and other ailments -- and even higher absentee rates reported in places like Detroit -- hard-hit communities may soon need major assistance with tasks like patrolling streets, enforcing restrictions on movement, deterring crime, defusing situations of domestic violence, and sometimes arresting suspects. Such police work is legal for the National Guard, though not the active-duty military, under the 1878 Posse Comitatus law."
Brookings Institution
Allen, John R., 1953-; Donohue, John; Fuentes, Rick . . .
2020-04
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Korean Democracy in Times of Coronavirus
From the Document: "The Covid-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic has laid bare a series of troublesome truths, both about healthcare infrastructures in Western nations and the state of their democracies. The quarantine they prescribed, albeit after periods of irresoluteness, drew embarrassing parallels to measures taken by China just a few weeks earlier. Social life has come to a near standstill without citizens being given a chance to deliberate, as procedures were discussed for the most part in closed-door meetings between the executive branch and appointed experts: the White House Coronavirus Task Force in the United States, the Scientific Council of France, etc. The general public has been hardly more involved in the West than in China. In contrast, South Korea has thus far been the only significantly affected country to contain the spread of Covid-19 'without shutting itself down or compromising even temporarily democratic institutions.'"
French Institute of International Relations (IFRI)
Gaudin, Christophe, 1981-
2020-04-01
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COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia: No Applause for Putin's Political Play?
From the Document: "'In Russia, the confirmed Covid-19 [coronavirus disease] infections have been suspiciously few. The official numbers do not reflect reality as there has been no systematic testing at any phase of the epidemic. Now, however, the number of cases has risen rapidly, and the new situation has an effect on the Kremlin's position in the eyes of the people.'"
Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA)
Laine, Veera; Lassila, Jussi
2020-04
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Tackling COVID-19 Calls for Trust: Building Confidence is Part of Containing a Pandemic
From the Document: "'Covid-19 [coronavirus disease] highlights the relevance of sharing information at a time of crisis. The revision of International Health Regulations in 2005 aimed to prevent the international spread of diseases, but the response to the novel virus shows that gaps in global health security remain. At the same time, authorities at all levels need to gain citizens' trust in order to design an effective response.'"
Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA)
Karjalainen, Tyyne
2020-04
