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Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 17 - Erratum
From the Highlights: "[1] No new countries reported cases of 2019-nCoV [novel coronavirus 2019] in the past 24 hours. [2] WHO [World Health Organization] is working with partners to strengthen global diagnostic capacity for 2019- nCoV detection to improve surveillance and track the spread of disease. WHO and partners have activated a network of specialized referral laboratories with demonstrated expertise in the molecular detection of coronaviruses. These international labs can support national labs to confirm new cases and troubleshoot their molecular assays. [3] WHO is convening a global research and innovation forum to mobilize international action in response to the new coronavirus, covering a broad spectrum of research areas including epidemiology, clinical care, vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics, animal health, social sciences, and other topics."
World Health Organization
2020-02-06
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Blame and Discrimination Attached to 2019-NCOV--An FAQ for US Elected Leaders and Health Officials
From the Document: "Stigma comes from an impulse to assign blame during an outbreak of contagious disease. People are trying to answer basic questions: 'Where did this come from?' and 'How is it spreading?' To understand and avoid illness, people create a mental distinction between 'us' (the uninfected) and 'them' (the infected). This may feel like a good first step toward safety. But it can present an inaccurate picture of health risk and reflect preexisting social differences and prejudices. A whole country or group of people may be singled out as the source of the problem--rather than the pathogen. This phenomenon is beginning to happen increasingly in the case of Chinese people and the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak ('nCoV')."
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Schoch-Spana, Monica; Kobokovich, Amanda; Andrada, Carolina I.
2020-02-05
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From SARS to 2019-Coronavirus (nCoV): U.S.-China Collaborations on Pandemic Response: Testimony of Jennifer Bouey, Before the U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Asia, February 5, 2020
This is the February 5, 2020 testimony of Jennifer Bouey of the RAND Corporation on "From SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] to 2019-Coronavirus (nCoV): U.S.-China Collaborations on Pandemic Response" before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Asia. From the Document: "Chairman Bera, Ranking Member Yoho, and members of the subcommittee, thank you for inviting me to testify about U.S.-China collaboration on pandemic response, especially in light of the recent novel coronavirus outbreak. First, I will describe the 2002-2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the global response. Next, I will discuss U.S.-China collaboration from 2003-2012, followed by developments in the years prior to the current coronavirus outbreak. Lastly, I will analyze the characteristics of 2019-nCoV and China's early responses, and offer policy recommendations."
RAND Corporation
Bouey, Jennifer
2020-02-05
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Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 16 - Erratum
From the Highlights: "[1] Belgium reported its first confirmed case of 2019-nCoV [novel coronavirus 2019] acute respiratory disease. [2] WHO [World Health Organization] and partners have developed a global strategic preparedness and response plan, which outlines the public health measures that the international community can provide to support all countries to prepare for and respond to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. The overall goal of the plan is to stop further transmission of 2019-nCoV within China and to other countries, and to mitigate the impact of the outbreak in all countries. [3] WHO is working with the travel and tourism industry to discuss real and perceived risks experienced in the industry, measures put in place for customers and employees, and challenges faced regarding implementation of the Temporary Recommendations associated with the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern."
World Health Organization
2020-02-05
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Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 15
From the Highlights: "[1] No new countries reported cases of 2019-nCoV [novel coronavirus 2019] in the 24 hours since the previous situation report. [2] The business sector is one audience to whom EPI-WIN [World Health Organization Information Network for Epidemics] is reaching out with tailored information. EPI-WIN colleagues co-hosted a call with a global communications firm whose clients include large multinationals. Over 50 multinationals were represented on the call, where WHO provided an update of the 2019-nCoV situation and responded to questions about improving communications with employees; the role of businesses in public health crises; and managing uncertainty through accessing accurate information."
World Health Organization
2020-02-04
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Protocol for Assessment of Potential Risk Factors for 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection Among Health Care Workers in a Health Care Setting
From the Background: "The detection and spread of an emerging respiratory pathogen are accompanied by uncertainty over the key epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of the novel pathogen and particularly its ability to spread in the human population and its virulence (case-severity). This is the case for the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), first detected in Wuhan city, China in December 2019. [...] Understanding 2019-nCoV infection among healthcare workers and the risk factors for adverse outcomes is important not only for characterising virus transmission patterns and risk factors for infection, but also for preventing future infection of healthcare workers and other patients, for informing and updating infection prevention and control measures at healthcare facility and national level and for reducing secondary 2019-nCoV transmission within healthcare settings."
World Health Organization
2020-02-03
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Social Dimensions of the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Outbreak and Response: Meeting Report
From the Document: "The roundtable discussed the social, economic and livelihood implications of quarantine, screening and other nCoV [novel coronavirus] related public health responses, within China and beyond. The group also explored the implications of societal understandings of disease and risk, and health-seeking behaviour in the context of outbreaks. This discussion covered healthcare resources, and the questions about preparedness and response in other regions beyond China, including Africa, where capacities and political dynamics would be different. Public responses to outbreak-related health interventions was a further focus, including social trust and stigma."
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
2020-02-03
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2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan
From About This Document: "On 31 December 2019, WHO [World Health Organization] was alerted to a cluster of pneumonia patients in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. One week later, on 7 January 2020, Chinese authorities confirmed that they had identified a novel (new) coronavirus as the cause of the pneumonia (figure 1). The proposed interim name of the virus is 2019-nCoV. [...] This strategic preparedness and response plan outlines the public health measures that the international community stands ready to provide to support all countries to prepare for and respond to 2019-nCoV. The document takes what we have learned so far about the virus and translates that knowledge into strategic action that can guide the efforts of all national and international partners when developing context-specific national and regional operational plans."
World Health Organization
2020-02-03
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2019 Coronavirus: How to Think About it and How to Respond
From the Key Takeaways: "[1] It is important to place the coronavirus epidemic in the proper context and identify important steps to reduce the chances it becomes a global pandemic. [2] To minimize the spread of a potential epidemic, a host country must respond rapidly and be fully transparent with its citizens and the international community. [3] The Trump Administration is moving in the right direction by creating a task force on the virus--but must push for a more effective 'whole of government' approach."
Heritage Foundation (Washington, D.C.)
Brookes, Peter
2020-02-03
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Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 14 - Erratum
From the Highlights: "[1] No new countries reported cases of 2019-nCoV [novel coronavirus 2019] in the past 24 hours. [2] WHO [World Health Organization] has developed a dashboard for Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with the number of confirmed cases globally, which includes cases in China by provinces, regions and cities, as well as confirmed cases outside China by country. [3] WHO has prepared a list of Q&A [questions and answers] to respond to queries WHO is receiving from various organizations and individuals. [4] Working with technical experts in health operations, WHO operational support and logistics has developed a '2019-nCoV kit', similar to prepared treatment kits used for outbreaks of other high threat pathogens. In the coming days, the costing, procurement and assembly of these kits will be a priority."
World Health Organization
2020-02-03
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2019 Novel Coronavirus: Interim Health Guidance from the Federal Aviation Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Air Carriers and Crews
From the Purpose: "The United States has confirmed cases of individuals who have a contagious, respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus ('2019-nCoV') first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. This virus has rapidly spread across China and Chinese health officials have reported thousands of infections with 2019-nCoV in China, with evidence of the virus spreading from person-to-person in many parts of that country. [...] The CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] and FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] are providing the following health guidance for: U.S.-based flight and cabin crewmembers while in China; U.S.- and third country-based flight and cabin crewmembers upon arriving to the United States within 14 days of travel to, from, or within China; China-based flight and cabin crewmembers while in the U.S.; U.S. air carriers housing flight and cabin crews while in China; and U.S. air carriers supervising self-monitoring of flight and cabin crews who have had layovers in China."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-02-02
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Infection Prevention and Control for the Care of Patients with 2019-nCoV in Healthcare Settings
From the Scope: "This document aims to provide guidance to EU/EEA [European Union/European Economic Area] healthcare facilities and healthcare providers on infection prevention and control measures during the management of suspected and confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV [novel coronavirus] infection."
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-02-02
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Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 13
From the Highlights: "[1] No new countries have reported cases of 2019-nCoV [novel coronavirus 2019] acute respiratory disease in the last 24 hours. [2] WHO [World Health Organization] is receiving information about cases from a number of countries. As additional details become known, WHO requests countries to share information in a timely manner as specified in the guidance on Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). [3] The first death has been reported outside of China, in the Philippines. The patient was a close contact of the first patient confirmed in the Philippines. [4] Due to the high demand for timely and trustworthy information about 2019- nCoV WHO technical risk communication and social media teams have been working closely to track and respond to myths and rumours."
World Health Organization
2020-02-02
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Coronavirus Solidifies US-China Decoupling
From the Abstract: "With the shift of Washington's China policy from one of engagement to aggressive containment under the Trump administration, some fear the coronavirus crisis will accelerate the 'decoupling' between US and China and lead to greater risk of war between the world's biggest powers. As the Chinese economy is reeling from a de facto quarantine and blockade due to the epidemic and US hawks continuing a policy of 'maximum pressure' through tariffs and sanctions, US-China ties seem headed towards a split of the global economy into mutually exclusive American and Chinese spheres of influence that resembles the pre-1914 environment. Subsequently war broke out due to German fears of being in a position where their power would not strengthen in the future and 1914 was their maximum moment. If Beijing perceives Washington is determined to exclude China from prosperity and keep it down, there is a risk this could also be perceived as her 'maximum moment.'"
Institute for Strategic- Political- Security- and Economic Consultancy (ISPSW)
Lin, Christina
2020-02
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Reconciling SME Production in China with Coronavirus Control
From the Document: "With the steady decline in new confirmed cases of coronavirus in China beyond Hubei Province, public scrutiny has increasingly shifted to the economy affected by the outbreak, particularly the impact on the plethora of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). An earlier CGD [Center for Global Development] note explored the impact of coronavirus on SMEs using data from the Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China (ESIEC) and follow-up interviews. In this accompanying note, we consider how SMEs can resume production without compromising epidemic control. For now, a key challenge for SMEs is the delay in work resumption due to epidemic control. To effectively control the coronavirus outbreak, a delay in work resumption is undoubtedly necessary. However, SMEs are struggling in the face of financial and operational difficulties due to the delay. We argue that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to resuming production, and that place-based policies that reflect local conditions offer the best approach to balancing SME production and public health concerns. We recommend that decision-making be passed to local governments and entrepreneurs, allowing them to address specific problems and seek the most reasonable and viable work resumption solutions."
Center for Global Development
Zhang, Xiaobo, 1966-; Wang, Ruixin
2020-02
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Guidance for Wearing and Removing Personal Protective Equipment in Healthcare Settings for the Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19
From the Scope: "This document provides support to healthcare workers managing suspected or confirmed cases of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The general objectives of the document are: [1] to present the minimal set of personal protective equipment (PPE) required for managing suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases; [2] to make healthcare workers aware of the critical aspects of the donning and doffing of PPE; and [3] to strengthen occupational safety in healthcare workers for patients suspected of, or confirmed with, COVID19. This document is based on current COVID-19 knowledge and PPE best practices. ECDC will update this document based on the evolving situation and if new relevant information arises."
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-02
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Guideline for Conservation of Respiratory Protection Resources
From the Document: "This is a condensed version of CDC's [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] guidance on how to optimize supplies of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (commonly called 'N95 respirators') in healthcare settings in the face of potential ongoing 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID 19) transmission in the United States. The recommendations are intended for use by professionals who manage respiratory protection programs, occupational health services, and infection prevention programs in healthcare institutions to protect healthcare personnel (HCP) from job-related risks of exposure to infectious respiratory illnesses."
Kentucky. Department for Public Health
2020-02
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China's 'Counterpart Assistance' Approach to Coronavirus: Lessons from the Wenchuan Earthquake Response
From the Document: "In early 2020, a new type of coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) emerged suddenly and spread steadily from China's Wuhan City, Hubei Province, disrupting China's social order. The epicenter of the epidemic, Hubei Province lacked medical personnel and epidemic prevention supplies; assistance was urgently needed. This note identifies the Chinese government's 'counterpart aid' strategy in response to the epidemic and explores the strategy's utility, drawing on earlier experiences with disaster response. Our analysis is based on an earlier research paper examining Wenchuan earthquake relief."
Center for Global Development
Zhang, Xiaobo, 1966-; Xu, Lihe
2020-02
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Expert Recommendations for US and Global Preparedness for COVID-19
From the Document: "The novel coronavirus outbreak that emerged in late 2019 has infected tens of thousands in China, community transmission is feared in other countries, and containment looks increasingly unlikely. The world is woefully unready for a scenario in which China-like conditions emerge in multiple other countries. The US, in particular, should not assume it is immune to a major domestic outbreak. While the prevention and control measures in numerous countries may delay the outbreak's spread, they are unlikely to prevent it. Efforts are underway to develop medical countermeasures, but these are unlikely to be ready for widespread use for at least one to two years; meanwhile, the virus has shown in China that it can grow from introduction to a sizable outbreak in just weeks."
Center for Global Development
2020-02
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Key Considerations: Quarantine in the Context of COVID-19
From the Document: "This brief sets out practical considerations relating to the design and impact of measures that restrict human movement patterns in the context of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. These measures include: 'quarantine,' in which individuals who have been exposed to a communicable disease are separated from others for the duration of the disease's incubation period; 'isolation,' in which individuals with a communicable disease are separated from others for as long as they are infectious; and 'social distancing,' in which individuals or large groups of people are restricted from gathering. Measures may be 'mandatory' (governmentally required and enforced) or 'voluntary' (not required but recommended by government or developed and implemented at the community or individual level). During the current COVID-19 outbreak, a variety of movement-restricting measures have been introduced to limit spread of the virus. [...] On-going assessments of the impact of quarantine on COVID-19 must be prioritised, including the impact of different types of quarantine in different geo-political territories on transmission and containment and the levels of associated social acceptance."
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
2020-02
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Dealing with the Costs of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- What Are the Fiscal Options?
From the Abstract: "The main problem facing policymakers during the corona virus pandemic is how to mitigate its humanitarian and economic costs. Doing so invariably involves trading off some costs against others as well as short-term against longer-term consequences. We provide an overview of economic literature that is relevant for understanding these trade-offs in the context of the current pandemic. We also discuss a range of fiscal measures that can be adopted with the aim of achieving the preferred trade-offs at lowest cost."
Suomen Pankki
Ambrocio, Gene; Juselius, Mikael
2020-02
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COVID-19: Guidelines for Communicating About Coronavirus Disease 2019
From the Introduction: "The outbreak of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in Hubei, China, and the introduction of the virus into the Region of the Americas highlight the urgent need for clear, concise and consistent communication. Risk communication encompasses all the basics of health communication but differs in the need for speed and reliance on trust. At times of crisis, leaders are called on to provide a quick, sensitive and trustworthy response. The public wants to know what you know, what you are doing about it and what they can or should do. [...] In an ideal situation, there would be time to plan, setting up a communication strategy and an action guide. But times such as these require immediate skills to communicate with the public. Risk communication is an integral component of public health risk management and a core capacity under the International Health Regulations. [This document provides] some suggestions, principles and templates to guide you through."
Pan American Health Organization
2020-02
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COVID-19 Policy Response Note #1: Economic Costs Associated to the Coronavirus Pandemic for Vietnam
From the Document: "The short-term impact of coronavirus outbreak (i.e., 2019-nCov) on Vietnam's economy could be significant, as high 6-10 percent of monthly output, but short-lived if the outbreak is rapidly contained. While the recent measures by the Government to limit the mobility of people, goods, and services with China will help to prevent the outbreak from spreading to Vietnam, they come with some economic costs. Tourism and electronics trade are the most vulnerable, with one-third of foreign tourists are from China and with over $3 billion per month of bilateral trade between the two countries. The direct costs to contain the epidemic remains relatively small but could increase rapidly if the outbreak spreads within Vietnam, restrictions on mobility are sustained over time and if people behavior amplifies the initial negative impacts. Lessons from experience of recent pandemic show that while the negative costs could be high, the economy tends to recover rapidly once the outbreak is contained. The estimates presented here are highly dependent on assumptions regarding the magnitude and the duration of the epidemic and should be considered as preliminary."
World Bank Group
Morisset, Jacques
2020-02
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When Crises Converge: Responding to Natural Disasters in South Asia During COVID-19
From the Document: "South Asia has been severely impacted by COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]- with more than 20,000 deaths, around one million confirmed cases, and many millions of workers unemployed. The pandemic and the need for social distancing have also constrained the responses to cyclones, floods and other climate-related disasters. Nevertheless, the pandemic also brings opportunities - for directing economic stimulus packages towards investments in disaster-resilient infrastructure and services that will support a greener and more productive future."
United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
2020-02
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Interim Briefing Note: Addressing Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of COVID-19 Outbreak -Version 1.5
From the Document: "This briefing note summarizes key mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) considerations in relation to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]) outbreak. The brief was last updated February 2020."
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
2020-02
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Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 12
From the Highlights: "[1] The main driver of transmission, based on currently available data, is symptomatic cases. WHO [World Health Organization] is aware of possible transmission of 2019-nCoV [novel coronavirus 2019] from infected people before they developed symptoms. Detailed exposure histories are being taken to better understand the pre-clinical phase of infection and how transmission may have occurred in these few instances. Asymptomatic infection may be rare, and transmission from an asymptomatic person is very rare with other coronaviruses, as we have seen with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus. Thus, transmission from asymptomatic cases is likely not a major driver of transmission. Persons who are symptomatic will spread the virus more readily through coughing and sneezing. [2] In China, 60.5% of all cases since the start of the outbreak have been reported from Hubei Province[.] [3] Additional instances of human-to-human transmission outside China were reported[.]"
World Health Organization
2020-02-01
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Considerations for State Legislation Addressing Emergency and Disaster Authorities
From the Document: "The National Emergency Management Association (NEMA) represents the voice and consensus policy positions of the directors of the emergency management agencies of the 50 states, the U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia who are responsible for all hazards emergency and disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery across the nation. In these times of increasing complexity and the proliferation of risks and hazards faced by the American public, including pandemics, the combined and integrated efforts of all of government are essential for success. Laws, authorities, policies, and funding decisions must be inclusive and foster unity of effort to ensure truly resilient states and communities. 'As state legislatures consider a variety of disaster and public health emergency related bills, NEMA would like to offer points of consideration to help ensure the continued effectiveness of disaster response and recovery, including public health emergencies such as pandemics.'"
National Emergency Management Association
2020-02?
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Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Developments in China and International Response [January 31, 2020]
From the Overview: "On December 31, 2019, China's government notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause in the central Chinese city of Wuhan. On January 7, 2020, Chinese scientists isolated a previously unknown coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the patients. On January 12, China's government shared the genetic sequence of the virus with WHO and international partners. By January 30, the virus had spread across China and to four continents (see Figure 1). As required by the International Health Regulations (IHR), a legally binding instrument of international law under which countries work together for global health security, the global health community is closely monitoring 2019-nCoV and seeking to limit its spread. WHO is coordinating the global response; the United States is aiding as a member of WHO and through its own agencies, such as the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lawrence, Susan V.; Tharakan, Sara M.
2020-01-31
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Wuhan Virus: Facts, Government Reaction and Outlook
From the Document: "Two months after the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) convened its Fourth Plenum that emphasised modernisation of China's governance capacity, a novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) in the likes of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) broke out in the central Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019, which quickly spread to other provinces and overseas in the beginning of 2020, causing deaths and panic across the country and the world. On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the coronavirus a global health emergency, a declaration for extremely dangerous pandemics such as Ebola and Swine flu (H1N1 virus). [...] A cousin of the SARS virus, the animal-related 2019-nCoV has triggered another public health emergency that is testing the Chinese leadership's crisis management capacity."
National University of Singapore. East Asian Institute
Chen, Gang; Qian, Jiwei
2020-01-31
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Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus
From the Document: "The United States has confirmed cases of individuals who have a severe acute respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus ('2019-nCoV') ('the virus') first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China ('China'). The virus was discovered in China in December 2019. As of January 31, 2020, Chinese health officials have reported approximately 10,000 confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in China, more than the number of confirmed cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) during its 2003 outbreak. An additional 114 cases have been confirmed across 22 other countries; in several of these cases, the infected individuals had not visited China. More than 200 people have died from the virus, all in China."
United States. White House Office
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2020-01-31
