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Guidance Document: SARS CoV-2
From the Document: "The current pandemic with SARS CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] represents the realization of imagined scenarios with serious consequences. The current viral interstitial pneumonia has resulted in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, overcrowded ICUs [intensive care units], equipment and personnel shortages, and significant mortality. Projections for patient volumes are expected to overrun critical care capabilities, with shortages of PPE [personal protective equipment], staff, and ventilators dominating discussions in local hospitals and the news media. We provide a synthesis of the current experience coming from China, Italy and the US (Seattle & New York) and some common sense approaches from past lessons learned. These discussions are prompted by the frequent questions we receive by email and phone. Whenever possible, the statements here are supported by the most recent findings. At the time of this writing, the statement from the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) has been published addressing many issues related to treatment of ventilated patients."
American Association for Respiratory Care
Branson, Richard D.; Hess, Dean; Kallet, Richard H . . .
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Clinical Issues and Guidance from the American College of Surgeons [webpage]
This webpage contains a number of resources related to 'Clinical Issues and Guidance' provided by the American College of Surgeons.
American College of Surgeons
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Spanish Influenza: A Brief Overview
From the Introduction: "The Spanish Flu has lived in cultural memory with varying degrees of emphasis since it first appeared early in 1918. Recent shows like 'Downton Abbey' and 'The Village' have tried to show the effects of the disease at all levels of society, but it's difficult for the screen to convey just how far-reaching the disease actually was. We do have an abundance of first-hand accounts and no end of contemporary newspaper coverage, however, so there's very little need to imagine just how damaging it was in its reach. Estimates place the death toll around the world at anywhere between 17 and 100 million, with most sources hovering around 50 million, a number that exceeds the combined number of military and civilian casualties from the First World War. The uncertainty lies mainly with the state of record keeping at the time, a concern that undoubtedly obscures our ability to understand the entire scope of the pandemic."
Institute for Defense Analyses
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Make a Plan: Shelter in Place Diagram
This diagram illustrates how to secure a shelter in the event of an emergency.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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LLIS Proven Practice: Training: Business Shelter-in-Place Video
"This thirty-two minute video reviews actions by businesses to develop a shelter-in-place plan to protect employees and customers from a known hazardous chemical release." This PDF document provides a description and link to the actual video which is on YouTube at the following link [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBY3zh8a2ww]
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Shelter-in-Place... If You Can't Evacuate
"The Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District contains multiple communities nestled within the wildland urban interface, areas where wildland vegetation is intermixed with structures. As we saw in October 2007, warm climate, dense brush, flammable vegetation, drought conditions, and steep terrain combine for a volatile wildfire equation. [...] This guide has been developed for you, the shelter-in-place resident. Inside, you will learn about the features that make your community ignition-resistive, how to prepare for potential wildfires, the steps to take when a wildfire approaches, and most importantly, the ways to maintain your shelter‐in‐place community for the future."
Rancho Santa Fe (Calif.). Fire Protection District
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High Consequence Infectious Disease (HCID) Toolbox for Frontline Health Care Facilities [website]
This toolbox "[1] Provides ready-to-use tools for frontline facilities to prepare and respond to patients who may have a high consequence infectious disease (HCID). [2] Helps facilities meet CMS [Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services] emergency preparedness regulatory requirements for training and testing programs. [3] Helps facilities develop a multi-year plan for HCID education and exercises. [4] Incorporates standard infection prevention concepts into training and exercises."
Minnesota. Department of Health
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Pandemic Preparedness and Response in Fragile, Conflict and Violence (FCV) Situations
From the Summary: "Robust pandemic preparedness and response is an urgent need necessary to address vulnerability and to prevent, detect and respond to an outbreak in FCV [fragile, conflict and violence] situations. It contributes to universal health security, protecting all people from threats to their health, and should be integrated in broader efforts to strengthen health systems and make them more resilient through multistakeholder coordination."
World Bank Group
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Target Capabilities List: Citizen Evacuation and Shelter-In-Place
This document contains the citizen evacuation and shelter-in-place component of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's "Target Capabilities List." From the document: "Citizen evacuation and shelter-in-place is the capability to prepare for, ensure communication of, and immediately execute the safe and effective sheltering-in-place of an at-risk population (and companion animals), and/or the organized and managed evacuation of the at-risk population (and companion animals) to areas of safe refuge in response to a potentially or actually dangerous environment. In addition, this capability involves the safe reentry of the population where feasible."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Make a Shelter-In-Place Plan
"There may be situations when it's best to stay where you are to avoid any uncertainty outside. There are other circumstances, such as during a tornado or a chemical incident when specifically 'how' and 'where' you take shelter is a matter of survival . You should understand the different threats and plan for all possibilities ."
Allegany (N.Y.)
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Management of High Consequence Infectious Disease (HCID) Toolbox for Frontline Health Care Facilities [presentation]
From the Executive Summary: "We live in a world where people travel the globe and pathogens evolve. These forces make health care facilities throughout the state vulnerable to risks posed by High Consequence Infectious Diseases (HCID) infections, such as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, and others that are easily transmissible, highly fatal, and not preventable through routine vaccines. Delayed detection and isolation of HCIDs may result in spread to others in health care facilities and the community. The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), the Minnesota Chapter of the Association for Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC MN), and the Health Care Coalitions of Minnesota worked collaboratively to develop this toolbox to help frontline facilities prepare for presentation of a person with a High Consequence Infectious Disease (HCID)."
Minnesota. Department of Health
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Pandemic Influenza: How Will a Pandemic Affect Your School?
This brochure provides basic and specific information for parents of school-aged children and teachers. It includes links to other helpful websites and provides basic information in a concise manner.
Washington County (Or.)
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NACCHO Model Practice Series: Videophone Monitoring of SARS Patients in Voluntary Home Isolation
"Nassau County Department of Health (County) has developed and pilot-tested a program for videophone monitoring of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) patients and contacts in voluntary home isolation and quarantine. The program is targeted towards SARS patients and contacts that are not ill enough to be hospitalized and known SARS patients who are being released from the hospital. The goal of this program is to protect the public from the spread of SARS by using the least restrictive means possible. Program objectives are 1) to provide a mechanism for effectively monitoring patients on voluntary home isolation and quarantine, 2) to enable visual verification of patient compliance and condition, and 3) to maximize limited resources by being cost-effective and time-efficient."
Nassau County (N.Y.). Department of Health
Kuhles, Daniel J.
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Crisis Communications
"During an emergency, it is imperative that those within your organization know how to communicate effectively. This includes both internal and external communications. The following checklist will highlight some recommendations for developing and executing a well‐rounded communications strategy in the face of any disaster scenario."
Agility Recovery; United States. Small Business Administration
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International SOS: Pandemic Preparedness [website]
"International SOS has been at the forefront of pandemic preparedness since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003. This website brings together information and resources relevant for anyone interested in emerging disease threats, through to those who are involved in pandemic planning for their organisation."
International SOS
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Quarantine and Isolation: Medical Personnel Refusing to Treat Patients
"During a large-scale infectious disease outbreak, some medical workers may refuse to treat infected patients. Federal and state public health officials should plan for this event by implementing pre-emergency training that better emphasizes proper protection and the ethical behavior of medical personnel."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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LLIS Best Practice: Crisis Communications Planning: Pre-Identifying, Training, and Selecting Spokespeople
"During a crisis or emergency incident, spokespeople from responding agencies serve as the direct liaison between the government, the news media, and the public. Spokespeople represent their organization during press conferences, media events, or town hall style public meetings. Additionally, the incident manager may designate a spokesperson from one of the responding agencies to be the principal spokesperson. In this capacity, the principal spokesperson is the primary representative for all incident management operations and organizations. Working with spokespeople from responding agencies, the principal spokesperson leads press conferences, media events, and other public events."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Social Distancing Law Project: Legal Consultation Meeting Template
This guide from the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials provides a template and an influenza outbreak scenario that allows key stakeholders to test a jurisdiction's ability to implement coordinated social distancing measures.
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
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Youth Programs and Camps During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The purpose of this tool is to assist directors or administrators in making (re)opening decisions regarding youth programs and camps during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. It is important to check with state and local health officials and other partners to determine the most appropriate actions while adjusting to meet the unique needs and circumstances of the local community."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Security Nexus [website]
From the Website: "A free, open access, international, peer-reviewed, online publication for DKI APCSS [Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies] faculty and alumni."
Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
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Child Care Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The purpose of this tool is to assist directors and administrators in making (re)opening decisions regarding child care programs during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. It is important to check with state and local health officials and other partners to determine the most appropriate actions while adjusting to meet the unique needs and circumstances of the local community."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Federalism and the COVID-19 Crisis: Reflections on Competences, Actors and Party Politics in Belgium
From the Document: "Belgian federalism is defined by a unique combination of features. It is characterized by a 'falling apart' evolution without a blueprint for a final equilibrium, a competitive logic putting all government levels on equal footing while granting them full powers in allocated competences, a complex division of competences that cross-cuts policy domains, and separate party systems and electoral constituencies resulting in different government coalitions across the levels of government. The Belgian response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis has been a textbook illustration of how these features (mal) function in practice."
Forum of Federations
Bursens, Peter
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Federalism and the COVID-19 Crisis: An Australian Perspective
From the Document: "In Australia, as in most of the rest of the world, the institutional arrangements for responding to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] are necessarily dynamic and need to adapt rapidly to deal with emerging issues across a wide range of subjects: Health, public order, employment, education, supply of goods and services, movement of people etc. Public policy resembles nothing so much as a game of 'whack-a-mole'."
Forum of Federations
Wilkins, Roger
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Federalism and the COVID-19 Crisis: More Federalism Than Ever in Argentina
From the Document: "The performance of the federal architecture in Argentina in responding to the COVID [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis has been, so far, more than satisfactory. Under these pressing circumstances, the approach taken has predominantly been one of collaboration and cooperation among the different levels of government, which generates optimism about the potential spill-over effect of these practices in the future."
Forum of Federations
Bianchi, Matías
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Bolster EDA Capacity to Spur Economic Activity and Recovery During the Economic Downturn and the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
From the Document: "The National Association of Development Organizations (NADO) urges policymakers to provide supplemental appropriations for the U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration (EDA) at levels that are significantly higher than EDA's annual appropriation. NADO recommends providing at least $1 billion in supplemental funding to EDA, with an emphasis on the programs listed below. EDA is well-positioned to play an important role in helping small businesses and local entities that are struggling with sudden declines in revenue and cash flow issues during the economic downturn resulting from this public health crisis. EDA is also an ideal federal partner through which to provide economic stimulus funding for community development and economic recovery."
National Association of Development Organizations (NADO). Research Foundation
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IAFF Guide to Managing Coronavirus Anxiety
From the Document: "During a disease outbreak or pandemic, it is normal to have some anxiety about contracting the virus. Whether you are in high-risk group, concerned about a loved one's health or worried about your own exposure, your feelings are valid. However, if fear of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is causing you significant anxiety or consuming most of your energy, these strategies can help you cope."
International Association of Fire Fighters
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Immunisation: What is Community Immunity and Why is it Important?
From the Document: "Vaccination protects you and your family, and it also helps protect others. It contributes to 'community immunity'. This is achieved when enough people in a population are immune to an infectious disease (through vaccination and/or prior illness) so that it is unlikely to spread from person to person. Even those who cannot be vaccinated because they are too young, are allergic to vaccine components, or vaccination is contraindicated for them, are offered some protection because the disease cannot spread in the community and infect them. This is also known as 'herd immunity'."
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
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Herd Immunity
From the Document: "When a lot of people in the community are vaccinated against an illness, it makes it harder for the disease to spread. This is because there are fewer people to become infected. This can stop the spread of an illness like the measles or pneumonia."
Health Services Advisory Group, Inc.
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Federalism and the COVID-19 Crisis: Centre-State Apposite Relations in Pandemic Federalism -- India
From the Document: "The COVID [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic around the world has put both healthcare and federal structures to the test. A key feature of India's response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been the close collaboration and cooperation between the Union (central) and state governments. The pandemic has underlined the necessity for strengthening cooperative federalism since no single jurisdiction or level of government has the capability to deal with the crisis on its own. In India, as in most federations, the constitution lists healthcare a responsibility assigned to state governments. In extraordinary circumstances such as the outbreak of coronavirus, the constitution provides for the Union government to take the lead in coordinating between and supporting the states. The legal framework for these interventions is provided by two laws, the Epidemic Diseases Act 1897 and the Disaster Management Act 2005."
Forum of Federations
Saxena, Rekha, 1968-
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Federalism and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Pakistani Perspective
From the Document: "Cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], the disease associated with the new coronavirus, are spreading quickly in Pakistan. The nation shares borders with two global epicenters of the pandemic - Iran and China. Pakistan reacted with alarm when the first case was confirmed on 26 February. Quarantine facilities were established in each of the subnational units and Sindh became the first province to shut down all educational institutions on 1 March. In addition to the health challenges faced by all countries, Pakistan is facing an acute challenge in maintaining the livelihood of daily subsistence workers in the informal economy given that a lockdown has now been imposed by federal government until the end of April."
Forum of Federations
Mandviwalla, Saleem
