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Infectious Disease Exercise Resources
This document from the Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Technical Assistance Center contains a list of web resources for schools for dealing with infectious diseases.
Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Technical Assistance Center (U.S.); United States. Department of Education
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Maintaining Emergency Medical Services Capabilities During a Pandemic
This document contains information to help your emergency medical services (EMS) prepare for a pandemic.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
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Maintaining Dispatch Capabilities During a Pandemic
This document contains information to help your 911 telecommunications and emergency management prepare for a pandemic.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
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LLIS Best Practice: Crisis Communications Planning: Establishing Joint Information Centers
"A JIC [Joint Information Center] is either a physical or 'virtual' operation where public information staff representing all agencies and organizations involved in incident management activities coordinate and disseminate official, timely, accurate, easy to understand, and consistent information to the public. The National Incident Management System (NIMS) includes procedures on the responsibilities and operations of a JIC. State and local emergency response departments and agencies should be familiar with NIMS procedures and have plans in place for establishing or operating within a JIC."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Isolation and Quarantine
"Isolation and Quarantine is the capability to protect the health of the population through the use of isolation and/or quarantine measures in order to contain the spread of disease. Isolation of ill individuals may occur in homes, hospitals, designated health care facilities, or alternate facilities. Quarantine refers to the separation and restriction of movement of persons who, while not yet ill, have been exposed to an infectious agent and may become infectious. Successful implementation will require that sufficient legal, logistical, and informational support exists to maintain these measures. Most experts feel that isolation and quarantine will not stop the outbreak and that if used, the focus will be on cases that might introduce the disease into the state or other geographic area."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Guidance for Developing a Plan for Interfacility Transport of Persons Under Investigation or Confirmed Patients with Ebola Virus Disease in the United States
From the Document: "State EMS [emergency medical services] officials and regional and state EMS planners can use this information to develop
regional transport networks, local transport plans, and standard operating procedures. Managers and medical
directors can use this guidance to develop procedures and protocols for their services to conduct interfacility
transport (including intrastate or interstate) of PUIs [persons under investigation] and patients with confirmed Ebola. They may also use the
information to prepare, educate, and train EMS personnel. Individual providers may use this information to stay
safe when responding to and transporting PUIs or patients confirmed to have Ebola."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); United States. Department of Health and Human Services; United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response . . .
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Disaster Response for Homeless Individuals and Families: A Trauma-Informed Approach
From the Document: "People experiencing homelessness typically have limited resources and likely have past exposure to traumatic events. Therefore, they may be at higher risk of adverse physical and psychological reactions following a public health emergency or disaster. Trauma-informed approaches can help disaster responders effectively serve homeless individuals and families. A trauma-informed approach to disaster response acknowledges past trauma and the current impact it may have on the lives of anyone receiving services or support. Sensitivity to trauma can improve communication between responders and the homeless and facilitate compliance with public health directives."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
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Leadership Communication: Anticipating and Responding to Stressful Events
From the Background: "How leaders behave and communicate during stressful situations, such as the response to a disaster event, can make significant differences in how people respond and react. It may also influence whether leadership is strengthened or diminished. This communication can take many forms including written messages, formal and informal talks, and ritual development and participation."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
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Continuity of Operations (COOP) Planning for Education Agencies: 'Ensuring Continuity of Teaching and Learning During Prolonged Absences, Dismissals, and Closures'
From the Overview: "For schools, continuity of operations (COOP) planning means preparing to support the whole school community in the event of short- and long-term student and staff absences, school dismissals, and/or school closures. The COOP plan -- contained in what is known as an 'annex' within a school emergency operations plan (EOP) -- will describe how a school or district will work to provide for the continuation of essential services during prolonged absences caused by emergencies (e.g., an infectious disease outbreak, natural disaster, or power outage)."
Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Technical Assistance Center (U.S.)
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OTP Guidance for Patients Quarantined at Home with the Coronavirus
From the Document: "1. Document that the patient is medically ordered to be under isolation or quarantine. When possible confirm source of information- e.g.: doctor's order, medical record. Ensure the documentation is maintained in the patient's OTP [opioid treatment program] record. 2. Identify a trustworthy, patient designated, uninfected 3rd party, i.e. family member, neighbor, to deliver the medications using the OTP's established chain of custody protocol for take home medication. This protocol should already be in place and in compliance with respective state and DEA [Drug Enforcement Administration] regulations. OTPs should obtain documentation now for each patient as to who is designated permission to pick up medication for them and maintain this process of determining a designee for any new patients. 3. If a trustworthy 3rd party is not available or unable to come to the OTP, then the OTP should prepare a 'doorstep' delivery of take home medications. Any medication taken out of the OTP must be in an approved lock box."
United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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CERC in an Infectious Disease Outbreak
From the Document: "Quickly sharing information about a disease outbreak can help stop the spread of disease, and prevent and reduce illness and even death. People often remember the first information they hear in an emergency, so the first information they receive should come from health experts. [1] Even if the cause of the outbreak or specific disease is unknown, share facts that are available. This can help you stay ahead of possible rumors. [2] Share information about the signs and symptoms of disease, who is at risk, treatment and care options, and when to seek medical care."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Mental Health and Behavioral Guidelines for Response to a Pandemic Flu Outbreak: Background on the Mental Health Impact of Natural Disasters, including Epidemics
"It is only relatively recently that attention has been focused on the mental health impact of disasters. Previously, concerns related to immediate physical health and community infrastructure risks in the aftermath of disasters such as storms, earthquakes, or floods had overwhelmed considerations of the short and long-term mental health consequences of disasters, or the extent to which mental health played a role in the impact of a disaster. In the arena of the health impact of natural disasters, the majority of data available relate to weather or geologic events. [...] We know that severe stress reactions are common; that front-line health and human services workers are at high risk for PTSD [Post Traumatic Stress Disorder]; and that in general, even in relatively developed countries, there is very little existing infrastructure in place that can adequately address the mental health needs of victims. In contrast, there is almost no data on the mental health impacts of outbreaks of disease. This is largely because there have been few pandemic health threats in the last century. Since the highly lethal pandemic outbreak of influenza in 1918, there have been few global threats from infectious agents. The recent outbreaks of SARS [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome] in Asia and Canada, which caused global concern but fortunately did not result in large-scale outbreaks nor a global pandemic, gives us the most recent data on the mental health concerns that are relevant in a pandemic outbreak situation."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
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Emergency Planning: Influenza Outbreak
This web page suggests resources to help educators plan for flu outbreaks. Sample links include "Preparing for Pandemic Flu: A Family Checklist Video," "Community Mitigation Guidance," "Examples of State and Local Plans and Planning Efforts," "Stop the Spread of Germs: Actions for Schools," and "Planning Checklists."
United States. Department of Education
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - Community Containment, Including Quarantine [website]
This page contains links to several documents regarding community containment measures such as isolation and quarantine.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Interim Guidance for Cargo Trucking Crews for the Prevention of Pandemic Influenza
This is an archived webpage providing guidance to cargo trucking crews for the prevention of pandemic influenza. "Cargo trucking is part of the critical infrastructure essential to maintaining the Nation's continuity of operations in the event of an influenza (flu) pandemic (a worldwide outbreak of a novel flu virus). This draft interim guidance is meant to inform and educate cargo trucking management and crew personnel about precautions and appropriate work practices to minimize exposure and prevent workplace-related transmission of flu in the event of a pandemic. These recommendations are primarily based on standard infection control practices and information about preventing seasonal flu and specific concerns associated with the potential for an outbreak of pandemic flu. These guidelines were developed for the three main segments of the U.S. trucking industry: government entities, private cargo carriers, and for-hire motor carriers, but are also applicable for couriers, local delivery enterprises, and other trucking operations such as refuse haulers. These guidelines and recommendations may change as more becomes known about the specifics of a particular flu pandemic, the virus believed to be responsible, and the efficacy of public health control measures."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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H1N1 and Pandemic Influenza
The National Defense University (NDU) has compiled a near-comprehensive list of helpful flu-related resources. "While the true severity and impact of the H1N1 outbreak remains to be seen, it gives rise to questions about just how prepared the nations of the world are to respond to a serious pandemic, and the economic impact such a pandemic could have on the global economy." The web page lists resources that "track the status and severity of the H1N1 pandemic; outline the response of the U.S. Government not only to this pandemic but to pandemic infectious disease and other major health-related threats; assess its macroeconomic impact; evaluate preparation and response plans in the U.S. and abroad; and examine the national security and strategic implications of global health and pandemic disease."
National Defense University
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Pandemic Influenza Pre-Event Message Maps
"The United States Department of Health & Human Services developed these avian influenza and pandemic influenza communication tools using the communication science-based message mapping development process. 'Message maps' are risk communication tools used to help organize complex information and make it easier to express current knowledge. The development process distills information into easily understood messages written at a 6th grade reading level. Messages are presented in 3 short sentences that convey 3 key messages in 27 words. The approach is based on surveys showing that lead or front-page media and broadcast stories usually convey only three key messages usually in less than 9 seconds for broadcast media or 27 words for print. Each primary message has three supporting messages that can be used when and where appropriate to provide context for the issue being mapped." There are 15 message maps in this collection including: What is influenza How is pandemic influenza different from seasonal flu, Have there been influenza pandemics before, What are the chances there will be pandemic influenza again, How fast would pandemic influenza spread, could terrorists make and spread an influenza virus for a pandemic?
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
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Crisis Communications: Communicating Uncertainty to the Media and the Public
"After an emergency, the public may desire crucial information that government officials cannot immediately provide. These officials do not always have the information or have only incomplete information. Incident managers should employ an experienced lead spokesperson who can communicate to the public that information is not currently known, yet at the same time not alarm them."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Pandemic Flu - Take The Lead Working Together to Prepare Now: Community Leaders Toolkit
"Preparing for a pandemic influenza outbreak involves everybody. The threat of pandemic influenza is real, and America needs leadership from respected community members to prepare our towns and cities, reduce the impact of pandemic flu on individuals and families, and reduce or even prevent serious damage to the economy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other public health experts agree that it is not a question of IF a pandemic will occur, but WHEN it will occur. If America is not adequately prepared, pandemic flu could seriously affect everyone economically. Government alone can't prepare the nation for pandemic flu; this challenge requires your help. As a leader in your community, you can play a powerful role in encouraging those whom you can influence, whether they be employees, patients, or group members, to prepare by providing information and guidance and by preparing yourself. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is working with medical professionals, and business, community, and faith-based leaders across the nation to provide them with the simple tools they can use to educate Americans on ways to protect themselves and their families. This toolkit provides the following: Information for you about pandemic flu Ready-to-use and ready-to-tailor resources prepared by HHS and CDC Ideas and materials to encourage your organization to prepare and to encourage other leaders to get involved"
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
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Crisis Communications: Using the Internet to Disseminate Crisis Information
"Following a major emergency, a comprehensive website can provide the media and public with an additional source of reliable information and reduce the strain on public information officials (PIOs)."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Crisis Communications: Monitoring Media Coverage
"After a major emergency, misleading or inaccurate news reports about the response or investigation are common. Public information officials (PIOs) should regularly monitor media reports and work to correct any inaccuracies."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Crisis Communications Planning: Creating a Crisis Communications Plan
"During an emergency, the public will turn to the media and the government for information, instructions, and reassurance. By providing critical information to the public in a timely manner, departments can maintain public safety and public confidence in response efforts. State and local government departments and agencies should develop a crisis communications plan that identifies the requirements for quickly and efficiently releasing critical information to the public, media, and other agencies during an emergency."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Crisis Communications: Organizing Guided Media Tours of Incident Sites
"Incident commanders should consider providing the media with limited, guided tours of incident scenes as appropriate. These tours can enhance the quality and accuracy of media reporting without compromising site security or safety."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Hospital Preparedness: Pandemic Influenza Training for Staff
"Hospitals should consider providing staff with training on pandemic influenza basics, the use of personal protective equipment, and work responsibilities in a pandemic influenza emergency."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Progress Report 2002: Global Defence against the Infectious Disease Threat
"This report [...]profiles trends in the incidence, prevalence, and control of all infectious disease groups - high mortality, neglected (disability-causing), and epidemic-prone - of major public health importance with the exception of AIDS and the vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood. These diseases are the responsibilities of other departments within WHO and the joint United Nations programme, UNAIDS, in which WHO is a partner. Problems caused by the overlap of AIDS with other infectious diseases, both geographically and epidemiologically, are covered in the present report. Vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood are the subject of a recent report available from WHO."
World Health Organization. Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response
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Infectious Disease Threats, As We Enter the New Century: What Can we Do?: Congressional Briefing
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and the third leading cause of death in the United States. As the new century begins we are challenged by newly emerging infections and the decreasing effectiveness of our antibiotic arsenal. On June 21, 1999 the American Society for Microbiology held a special briefing in the Senate Hart Office Building. During the briefing, five scientific experts from both the public and private sectors outlined a number of the key infectious disease issues we are facing and suggested some of the critical steps that will be required to deal with those challenges during the century that lies ahead. This report includes the content discussed in the briefing.
American Society for Microbiology
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CIDRAP: Pandemic Influenza [website]
This website provides an overview of pandemic influenza. Sections on the website include the following: Agent, Laboratory Testing for Influenza, General Considerations, Historical Perspective, Pandemics of the 30th Century, Lessons from Past Pandemics, The Pandemic Severity Index, the Current H5N1 Threat, Vaccine Development, Use of Antiviral Agents, Community Mitigation Strategies, Pandemic Preparedness Planning, Hospital Pandemic Preparedness Planning, Infection Control Considerations, and References.
Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy
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U.S. Commitment to the Global Health Security Agenda: Toward a World Safe & Secure from Infectious Disease Threats
"The United States is strengthening Global Health Security, but no one country's effort alone can achieve this goal. The strategy to achieve Global Health Security is rooted in science and global partnerships based on three widely accepted concepts and nine objectives. Over the next five years the United States commits to working with at least 30 partner countries to advance model systems of Global Health Security, in the following specific areas:" Prevent, Detect, and Respond. This document outlines the current U.S. commitments to Global Health Security.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Secretary.
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Point of Dispensing Planning: Establishing Safety Measures for Set-Up and Tear-Down Crews
"Point of dispensing (POD) managers should consider including injury prevention guidance for set-up and tear-down crews in POD plans. This will help to support staff members performing these physically demanding tasks and will inform them of appropriate safety techniques."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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CDC: Coronavirus
This Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) webpage includes information and resources on the Novel Coronavirus. The webpage includes the following sections: "Overview of Novel Coronavirus"; "Update, Case Definitions, & Guidance"; "Photos"; "Related Materials"; and "Updates".
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)