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CBO Paper: U.S. Policy Regarding Pandemic-Influenza Vaccines
In 2005, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a plan that includes a series of measures to be taken in the case of an influenza pandemic. This paper focuses on the federal government's role in the vaccine market that is outlined in the HHS plan. The report provides information on the current state of readiness, the additional expenditures likely to be necessary to achieve HHS's vaccine-related goals, the expenditures that are likely necessary to maintain preparedness, and the approaches of other countries as they too face the prospect of an influenza pandemic.
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2008-09-01?
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Pandemic Influenza Fact Sheet
"The U.S. Government remains concerned about the possibility of an influenza pandemic that will affect Americans abroad. This fact sheet offers advice on measures Americans can take to prepare for and cope with a possible pandemic. It also includes information on the U. S. Government's efforts to plan for and respond to such an event."
United States. Bureau of Consular Affairs
2008-09
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Pandemic Preparedness in the States: An Assessment of Progress and Opportunity
"This paper presents an overall assessment of the current level of pandemic preparedness in the states, based on the NGA Center's observations and an analysis of the information provided by workshop participants. It focuses specifically on preparedness in four sectors or disciplines that are common to all states--healthcare, commerce, education and public safety--and identifies five broad areas in which new or improved policies, procedures, capabilities or strategies are needed to improve overall pandemic preparedness." These areas are workforce policies, schools, situational awareness, public involvement, and public-private sector engagement. […] "Over the course of 2007 and early 2008, the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) conducted nine regional pandemic preparedness workshops involving all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and four of the five U.S. territories. The workshops were designed to examine state pandemic preparedness, particularly in non-health-related areas such as continuity of government, maintenance of essential services, and coordination with the private sector. The workshops also examined the strengths and weaknesses of coordination activities among levels of government, both vertically (state-federal and state-local) and horizontally (state-state) as well as with the private sector."
National Governors' Association
2008-09
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U.S. Policy Regarding Pandemic Influenza Vaccines
"The possibility of an influenza pandemic is cause for concern among policymakers, public health experts, and the world's populations. Against that prospect, in 2005, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a plan that includes a series of measures, first to monitor the spread of disease in the event of a worldwide outbreak and then to facilitate a rapid response. That second step includes developing influenza vaccines and expanding the nation's capacity for producing influenza vaccine; creating stockpiles of antiviral drugs and other medical supplies (to avert an influenza pandemic or minimize its effects); coordinating federal, state, and local preparations; and planning for public outreach and communications. HHS's plan has two specific goals that relate to vaccines. The first goal is to have in place by 2011 domestic production capacity sufficient to supply vaccine to the entire U.S. population within six months of the onset of a pandemic. The second goal is to stockpile enough doses of vaccine to inoculate 20 million people as soon as possible after the onset of a pandemic. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper, which was prepared at the request of the Senate Majority Leader, focuses on the government's role in the vaccine market that stems from HHS's plan. It provides information on the current state of readiness, the additional expenditures likely to be necessary to achieve HHS's vaccine-related goals, the expenditures that are likely to be needed to maintain preparedness, and the approaches of other countries as they too face the prospect of an influenza pandemic. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, nonpartisan analysis, this paper makes no recommendations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2008-09
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Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: Conducting Workshops for Elected and Appointed Officials
Regional pandemic planners should consider hosting workshops to provide education to elected and appointed officials about pandemic preparedness efforts. Senior officials should be encouraged to attend in person and not to send staff members in their place.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2008-08-22?
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Pandemic Influenza Planning: Collaboration with Agricultural and Animal Health Experts
"Regional pandemic planners should consider engaging applicable agricultural and animal health experts to ensure that poultry and avian species disease surveillance and response efforts are linked to public health planning. The Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals/Office of Public Health sponsored a series of pandemic influenza tabletop exercises (TTX) throughout the state from December 2006 to February 2007. On January 31, 2007, the Louisiana Office of Public Health (OPH) Region VI conducted a TTX in Alexandria, LA. TTX participants represented 5 state organizations and 37 regional and local organizations. The goal of the TTX was to engage community partners in a discussion of Emergency Support Function (ESF)-8 (public health and emergency medical) roles and responsibilities, expectations, and anticipated challenges in the face of an influenza pandemic. One TTX objective was to assess the familiarity of pandemic influenza planning among internal (ESF-8) and external stakeholders. The TTX scenario consisted of a severe influenza pandemic emerging in OPH Region VI."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2008-08-08?
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Altered Standards of Care Guidance with an Emphasis on Pandemic Influenza Draft
This document provides a draft guidance to Indiana hospitals about making decisions in their efforts to be fair to everyone requesting medical treatment.
Indiana. State Department of Health
2008-08-01?
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Dakota County Pandemic Influenza Tabletop Exercise: K-12 School Closure as a Disease Containment Measure, April 17, 2008
"This exercise was a re-creation of an exercise designed by the Minnesota Department of Health to discuss K-12 school closure as a disease containment measure during a pandemic flu incident. The goal of the Dakota County Pandemic Influenza tabletop exercise was to: Advance planning in Dakota County school districts through a discussion of issues that would arise during a pandemic disease and provide valuable feedback for policy formulation at all levels of government The planning team was composed of numerous and diverse agencies, including Dakota County, the cities of Eagan and Sunfish Lake, and Independent School Districts 191, 194, and 196. Based on the exercise planning team's deliberations, the following objectives were developed: Objective 1: Describe the potential impact of a pandemic on schools and the community; Objective 2: Exchange ideas about the impact and policy implications of closing and re-opening schools in Dakota County; Objective 3: Discuss the roles and responsibilities of the school district and other agencies in preparing and responding to pandemic influenza; Objective 4: Use discussion points from the tabletop to improve local plans, and provide feedback for policy formulation at all levels of government The purpose of this report is to analyze exercise results, identify strengths to be maintained and built upon, identify potential areas for further improvement, and support development of corrective actions."
Dakota County Public Health (MN)
2008-08
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Pandemic Influenza Emergency Plan: University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
This document details the University's emergency pandemic influenza plan, including a crisis communication plan and continuity of operations plans.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2008-08
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Key Elements of Departmental Pandemic Influenza Plans, Meta Checklist
"The 'National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Implementation Plan' requires Federal departments and agencies to develop plans addressing (1) protection of employees, (2) maintenance of essential functions and services, (3) support for the Federal response, and (4) communication with stakeholders about pandemic planning and response. The Federal departments, agencies, and independent organizations are hereinafter referred to as 'agencies.' In November 2006, Homeland Security Council (HSC) staff requested that department and agency heads certify in writing to the HSC that their respective department or agency was addressing the applicable elements of pandemic planning set forth in a checklist developed and published at http: www.pandemicflu.gov. That checklist provided a mechanism to assist agencies in developing their pandemic plans and ensured uniform preparedness across the U.S. Government."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2008-08-01?
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Public Health and Medical Preparedness and Response: Issues in the 110th Congress [Updated August 1, 2008]
This updated CRS report "discusses key issues in public health and medical preparedness and response, citing additional CRS reports and other resources. [...] The 2001 terrorist attacks, Hurricane Katrina, and concerns about an influenza ('flu') pandemic have sharpened congressional interest in the nation's systems to track and respond to public health threats. The 109th Congress reauthorized or established relevant programs in the Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Homeland Security (DHS). In its second session, the 110th Congress has focused its oversight of these programs on (1) the fitness of HHS and DHS -- in terms of authority, funding, policies, and workforce -- to respond to complex health emergencies; (2) how well they and other federal agencies coordinate their efforts; (3) the status of major federal initiatives, such as pandemic flu preparedness and disaster planning for at-risk populations; and (4) the effect of the upcoming presidential transition on authorities and programs that were established during the current administration."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lister, Sarah A.
2008-08-01
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Altered Standards of Care Guidance with an Emphasis on Pandemic Influenza: Draft Document for Review and Comment
"This document shall serve as a guide for hospital policymakers. All information contained herein is subject to change and applies only to patients 2 months of age and older. Though adherence to these procedures and recommendations is not required by law, the adoption of consistent procedures and recommendations statewide would represent best practices during times of disaster and would assist in gaining public confidence. It is suggested that each hospital evaluate and apply this document in consideration of its unique needs including staffing, bed capacity, and community resources available to the hospital. Individual hospitals may then develop facility‐specific policies and procedures. Altered standards of care guidelines should be activated in the event of pandemic influenza or other public health emergencies declared by the Governor of the state of Indiana. In the event of a declaration of disaster, the hospital should initiate previously developed procedures to authorize the emergency privileging and credentialing of health care practitioners and providers. Health care practitioners and providers may act outside their privileges as granted by the hospital based on prior education, training, or experience."
Indiana. State Department of Health
2008-08
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Planning: Examining Triage Alternatives to Minimize Surge
"Pandemic influenza planning efforts should examine triage alternatives to attempt to minimize surge and emergency medical services (EMS) wait times after delivering patients to healthcare facilities. […] The Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals/Office of Public Health sponsored a series of pandemic influenza tabletop exercises (TTX) throughout the state from December 2006 to February 2007. On January 25, 2007, the Louisiana Office of Public Health (OPH) Region III conducted a TTX in Thibodaux, LA. TTX participants represented 7 state organizations, 47 regional and local organizations, and the American Red Cross. The goal of the TTX was to engage community partners in a discussion of Emergency Support Function (ESF)-8 (public health and emergency medical) roles and responsibilities, expectations, and anticipated challenges in the face of an influenza pandemic. One TTX objective was to assess risk communications consistency, message content, and methods for dissemination. The TTX scenario consisted of a severe influenza pandemic emerging in OPH Region III."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2008-07-18
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Revision of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Guidance: An Update on the Drafting Process
"On 27-29 November 2007, the WHO Global Influenza Programme (GIP) convened a working group meeting in Geneva, Switzerland to begin the process of updating WHO's pandemic influenza preparedness guidance. [...] The updated WHO pandemic influenza preparedness and response guidance 'package' is scheduled for publication in December 2008."
World Health Organization
2008-07-16
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Triggers and Actions for Influenza Pandemic Response in Wisonsin
"This document describes surveillance triggers for major state and local pandemic response activities in Wisconsin. It is based on a CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] framework introduced in March 2008 that describes seven pandemic intervals."
Wisconsin. Division of Public Health
2008-07-15
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Mississippi Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan: Functional Annex 7.0
This document is the state of Mississippi's pandemic influenza preparedness and response plan effective July 10, 2008. "This Plan establishes a framework for management of State-wide operations in response to a sudden, pervasive influenza associated illness with appropriate, structured and well-designed responses. It establishes policies and procedures by which the State shall coordinate local, State, and Federal preparedness and response efforts for PI; and identifies addresses, analyzes, and provides a broad series of guidelines for action in case the influenza pandemic threat is realized and covers all events and activities deemed by the State Health Officer, or his designee, to require a coordinated Statewide response. The Plan embraces the National Response Plan (NRP) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS) as fundamental guidance for PI preparedness and response and is amended and updated to reflect evolving guidance and requirements of the NRP and NIMS. The State of Mississippi Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and the MSDH Emergency Support Function (ESF)-8 Concept of Operations Plan for Public Health and Medical Emergencies (CONOPS Plan) provide an organizational structure to allow emergency medical services personnel and health care facilities to work together in a collaborative way and to provide assistance in situations where local resources are overwhelmed. This Plan is based on policies and procedures established within these two documents and serves as a Functional Annex to the CONOPS Plan."
Mississippi. State Department of Health
2008-07-10
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Pandemic Flu Preparedness and Response: Leaving No One Behind
This document discusses how current preparedness efforts are leaving especially vulnerable people behind. The document includes area recommendations and legislative activities that are supported by the American Public Health Association.
American Public Health Association
2008-07-09?
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2008 Arizona Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan
"An outbreak of a highly pathogenic and transmissible Type A Influenza virus has the potential to negatively impact our communities and our livelihoods. Arizona's goal, and the goal of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is to minimize the impact of a pandemic influenza event on Arizonans. The response to a pandemic influenza event is not only a public health emergency, but will require the strength and resolve of years of emergency preparedness and response planning, system capabilities, and partnership development. It will require local and state agencies, non-governmental organizations, and others to work closely to slow the spread of the pandemic, protect Arizona's critical infrastructure, and to ensure Arizona can quickly restore social and economic legitimacy following the pandemic experience. The 2008 Arizona Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan (Plan) was compiled as a coordinated effort among over 25 local, state, and federal agencies and non-governmental organizations. The Plan addresses three main strategic goals: (1) ensure continuity of operations of state agencies and continuity of state government; (2) protect citizens; and (3) sustain and support 17 critical infrastructure sectors and key assets."
Arizona. Department of Health Services
Gerard, Susan
2008-07-09
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Texas Department of State Health Services Pandemic Influenza Plan Operational Guidelines
The goals of this plan are to minimize serious illness, hospitalizations, and death and to preserve critical infrastructure during an influenza pandemic. The plan also outlines steps to minimize social disruption in Texas resulting from an influenza pandemic.
Texas. Department of State Health Services
2008-07-06
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Partnering with Federal Agencies: Closed Point of Dispensing Option
This fact sheet provides a description of federal closed point of dispensing sites as an alternative to traditional methods of dispensing antibiotics to identified populations within 48 hours.
Strategic National Stockpile (Program)
2008-07-03
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Coordinated Implementation of Community Response Measures (Including Social Distancing) to Control the Spread of Pandemic Respiratory Disease: A Guide for Developing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for Public Health, Law Enforcement, Corrections, and the Judiciary
"This document was developed during 2007-2008 by the Public Health and Law Enforcement Emergency Preparedness Workgroup (hereinafter the Workgroup). The Workgroup received resource support from the Coordinating Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and was established by CDC's Public Health Law Program in partnership with the U.S. Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Assistance"
United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2008-07
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Michigan Pandemic Influenza Plan, Draft 3.5
The Michigan Pandemic Influenza Plan provides guidance to state agencies and departments on preparedness and response activities to counter the anticipated impact of a pandemic influenza outbreak.
Michigan. Department of Community Health
2008-07
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South Carolina Mass Casualty Plan Annex 2: Pandemic Influenza - Draft
This planning guidance is based on information provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in the 'HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan -- November 2005', by the Homeland Security Council in the 'National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Implementation Plan' and by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the 'Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States -- Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions.' South Carolina has correlated sub-phases to direct emergency operations specific to South Carolina's Emergency Operations Plans.
South Carolina. Department of Health and Environmental Control
2008-07
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Pandemic Influenza Business Planning Toolkit
"This Pandemic Influenza Business Planning Toolkit was developed to help businesses think through critical issues related to pandemic influenza planning, create comprehensive plans to address these needs, and to provide a consistent approach for all those involved. This Toolkit provides the resources needed to develop a business continuity plan, and serves as a supplement to Preparing for an Influenza Pandemic: A Guide to Planning for Business."
Missouri. Department of Health & Senior Services
2008-07
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New Mexico Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan (NM PIOP)
This document is the state of New Mexico's pandemic influenza response plan effective July 2008. "In response to the scope and complexity of the 2008 'Federal Guidance to Assist States in Improving State-level Pandemic Influenza Operating Plans,' New Mexico designed and implemented a planning strategy that required that all New Mexico Government agencies participate in the creation of a comprehensive plan. While many states delegated the majority of the responsibility for writing the plan to a single or a limited number of agencies, New Mexico decentralized the planning process and distributed the task across all state agencies. The editing and compilation of agency responses was managed by the New Mexico Department of Health Pandemic Influenza Strike Team. The Strike Team, composed of epidemiologists, health emergency planners, administrators, clerical staff and human resource specialists, provided oversight of the planning process. The Team, convened under the leadership of Dr. C. Mack Sewell, New Mexico State Epidemiologist, was assigned responsibility for guiding completion of the New Mexico Pandemic Influenza Operational Plan (PIOP). […] New Mexico views the PIOP as a living document and understands that it will benefit from successive and more sophisticated revisions. Not all state agencies chose to participate in the planning process. Twenty-seven of thirty critical agencies participated. The absence of contributions from those not participating weakens this plan. Strategies for assuring their participation during future iterations have been developed."
New Mexico. Department of Health
2008-07
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Public Health and Medical Preparedness and Response: Issues in the 110th Congress [June 16, 2008]
"The 2001 terrorist attacks, Hurricane Katrina, and concerns about an influenza ('flu') pandemic have sharpened congressional interest in the nation's systems to track and respond to public health threats. The 109th Congress passed laws that reauthorized public health and medical preparedness and response programs in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and reorganized parts of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including the establishment of an Office of Health Affairs (OHA). In its second session, the 110th Congress has continued its oversight of the implementation of these laws, focusing in particular on (1) how well equipped HHS and DHS are -- in terms of authority, funding, policies, and workforce -- to respond to complex health emergencies; (2) how well they and other federal agencies coordinate their efforts with each other; (3) the status of major federal initiatives, such as pandemic flu preparedness, biodefense research and development, and disaster planning for at-risk populations; and (4) the effect of the impending presidential transition on authorities and programs that were established during the current administration. This report, which will be updated, discusses key issues in public health and medical preparedness and response, citing additional CRS reports and other resources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lister, Sarah A.
2008-06-16
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Food, Nutrition and Livelihood Preparedness for a Pandemic Influenza Disaster: Guidance for Low-income Countries
"This document was prepared by an inter-agency working group with input from a range of private voluntary organizations, UN [United Nations] agencies and the various members of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement. It was prepared to complement the health guidance prepared by many of the same organizations. The purpose of this document is to advise a wide range of community leaders and aid planners about the possible threats of a readily-transmissible influenza virus with a high case fatality rate which, as occurred in 1918-1919, has the potential to kill tens of millions of people in the span of several months, the time it takes the disease agent to travel from city to city around the world. The specific focus is the consequence of an unknown new strain of virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family, extreme outbreaks of which appear to occur worldwide every 20 to 30 years. It is useful to consider a range of scenarios of how a pandemic may play out. The highly transmissible and fatal strains may end up being contained and well-treated in many scenarios. It is only the rare and infrequent pandemic in which tens or hundreds of millions of people may be at risk. But it is these worst-case scenarios that merit the most planning and are the focus of this document. The premise of this document is that health authorities would identify a new strain of influenza via the WHO [World Health Organization] Global Influenza Surveillance Network, and leaders and aid works within countries would commence to take a sequence of actions to protect communities from not only the medical hazards posed by the influenza, but also the secondary food, nutrition and livelihood consequences."
United States. Agency for International Development
Hansch, Steve
2008-06-15
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Public Health Emergency Planning: Developing Emergency Response Triggers for Infectious Disease Outbreaks
This documents discusses how to develop emergency response triggers for infectious disease outbreak emergency planning.
Medina County (Ohio). Medina County Health Department
Bechtel, Justin S.
2008-06-03
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Pandemic Influenza Surge Plan to Manage In-Hospital Deaths Planning Tool
The purpose of this planning document is to help New York City healthcare facilities prepare to manage numerous fatalities likely to occur from a pandemic influenza event.
New York (N.Y.). Office of Chief Medical Examiner
2008-06
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At-Risk Popluations and Pandemic Influenza: Planning Guidance for State, Territorial, Tribal, and Local Health Departments
"This guidance offers public information and recommendations to health departments on how they can provide support to at-risk populations in such an event. Although not the primary audience, community-based organizations (CBOs), faith-based organizations (FBOs), non-profit service providers, businesses, etc, will also find the guidance useful for identifying key areas where they should collaborate with the public health departments to reach at-risk populations."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2008-06