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Fact Sheet: Global Health Security [September 22, 2011]
On September 22, 2011 "President Obama addressed the United Nations General Assembly and urged the global community come together to prevent, detect, and fight every kind of biological danger, whether it is a pandemic, terrorist threat, or treatable disease. The United States is taking a multi-faceted approach to the full spectrum of challenges posed by infectious diseases, whether naturally occurring, accidental, or the result of a deliberate attack. Through fora such as the UN Security Resolution 1540, the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), and the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States is pursuing a common vision where disease no longer threatens the security and prosperity of nations."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2011-09-22
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P.L. 111-292, the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010: Summary of Provisions and Possible Issues for Oversight [July 27, 2011]
"The Telework Enhancement Act of 2010, enacted as P.L. 111-292 (December 9, 2010), requires the head of each executive agency to establish and implement a policy under which employees shall be authorized to telework. The law amends Title 5 of the 'United States Code' by adding a new chapter, Chapter 65, entitled 'Telework,' and defines telework as a work flexibility arrangement under which an employee performs the duties and responsibilities of his or her position, and other authorized activities, from an approved worksite other than the location from which the employee would otherwise work. The head of each executive agency is required to establish a policy under which employees (with some exceptions) would be authorized to telework. The policy on telework must be established within 180 days after enactment of the new Chapter 65 of Title 5 'United States Code' and ensure that telework does not diminish employee performance or agency operations. Executive agency employees not eligible for telework generally include those whose official duties require the daily (every work day), direct handling of secure materials determined to be inappropriate for telework by the agency head, or on-site activity that cannot be handled remotely or at an alternate worksite. […] As executive agencies implement the law on telework, Congress may wish to examine several issues, including the policies and guidance that the Office of Management and Budget and OPM, respectively, will be prescribing on the security of information and systems during telework, and the operation of executive agency telework programs. This report summarizes the provisions of P.L. 111-292 and identifies several possible issues for congressional oversight of telework. It will be updated as the law is implemented."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schwemle, Barbara L.
2011-07-27
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Emergency Preparedness: Agencies Need Coordinated Guidance on Incorporating Telework into Emergency and Continuity Planning, Report to the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate
"When historic snowstorms forced lengthy closings of federal offices in the National Capital Region in 2010, thousands of employees continued to work from their homes, making clear the potential of telework in mitigating the effects of emergencies. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to (1) describe the guidance lead agencies have issued pertaining to the use of telework during emergencies; (2) describe Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and other assessments related to agencies' incorporation of telework into emergency or continuity planning, and the extent to which the lead agencies have provided definitions and practices to support agency planning; and (3) assess the extent to which OPM and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) coordinated with other agencies on recent guidance documents. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed relevant statutes, regulations, guidance documents, and OPM's telework survey methodology, and interviewed key officials of agencies providing telework and telework-related emergency guidance."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-07-22
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Arizona Influenza Pandemic Response Plan, July 2011
"It is likely that another influenza pandemic will occur sometime in the future. Arizona needs to be prepared for such an event. To lessen the impact of an influenza pandemic, the State of Arizona has created this Influenza Pandemic Response Plan to promote an effective response throughout the pandemic. The plan was originally crafted in 2000, through a coordinated effort of the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS), Arizona Division of Emergency Management (ADEM), local health departments and other partners and stakeholders. It is also an annex to the Arizona State Emergency Response and Recovery Plan (SERRP). The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has incorporated the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Planning Periods and Phases into its influenza pandemic response plan. These periods represent different levels of impact on society, based on the progression of a novel influenza virus and its potential to cause a pandemic; therefore, pandemic preparedness requires determining the appropriate capabilities, roles, and responsibilities needed to respond to the different periods. In keeping with the national model, the Arizona Influenza Pandemic Response Plan identifies responsible parties and prescribes necessary actions, based on the WHO/HHS pandemic periods. […] These entities are addressed in this plan, and are encouraged to develop their own influenza pandemic response plans that coordinate with the Arizona Influenza Pandemic Response Plan. The heart of the Arizona Influenza Pandemic Response Plan is the Response Activity Supplements. The Response Activity Supplements address the concepts listed below."
Arizona. Department of Health Services
2011-07
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Public-Private Partnerships: Critical to Combatting the Next Pandemic Influenza in the State of Kansas
From the thesis abstract: "The Pandemic Influenza outbreak that occurred in 1918 killed over 50 million people world-wide and was responsible for more deaths than our first two world wars combined. Unlike most threats to our national security, Pandemic Influenza does not have a political or ideological motive, does not distinguish between social or economic class, nor does it require special environmental conditions to attack. According to experts across the country and throughout the world, it is only a matter of time before the next Pandemic strikes. Over 85 percent of our nation's entire critical infrastructure belongs to the private sector. As equal stakeholders in the fight against the next Pandemic, it seems obvious that our Federal, State and local governments should solicit more support from the private sector to plan, mitigate, and respond to Pandemic Influenza. This study addresses how the Federal, State (Kansas) and local governments can better solicit the support of private sector industries in support of Pandemic Influenza. This thesis will delve into the Federal, State and local plans and policies to expose capability gaps that could be filled by private sector industries. This study will address what types of industries could be enlisted to provide desperately needed resources in the event of an outbreak. Finally, this research will look at the types of incentives or instruments of power the Federal, State and local governments could utilize to better facilitate public-private partnerships."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Gilbert, George O., Jr.
2011-06-10
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Meeting the Needs of At-Risk Populations During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Response: A Look at Key Strategies, Successes and Challenges
"The arrival of an influenza pandemic in April 2009 made outreach and care for under-resourced people throughout the United States an urgent public health priority. At-risk populations--individuals who are most at risk for severe social, economic and health-related consequences from a pandemic--needed information, messages they could trust and key services to receive antivirals and vaccine. State and local health agencies initially responded to an emergency of unknown severity and magnitude, at a time when staffing levels were often frozen and funding gaps were growing. This context influenced response. Public health agencies responded to the needs of at-risk populations in a variety of new and innovative ways. Other solutions, though not new, yielded valuable reminders and lessons that merit attention. The leadership, flexibility and creativity of many public health agencies should be noted and congratulated; the resulting strategies can be applied to everyday work and response to future public health emergencies."
Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy; Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2011-06
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Disaster Preparedness Guide for Elders
This "Disaster Preparedness Guide for Elders" is a special edition of the "Elder Update" from the Florida Department of Elder Affairs. The publication covers the following topics as they pertain to older populations: "Hurricane Season," "Fires," "Floods," "Tornadoes," "Lightning & Severe Thunderstorms," "Hazardous Materials," "Pandemic Flu 10 Disaster Safety Tips," "Disaster Preparedness," "Emergency Contact Information," "Caring for Your Pet," "Transportation," "Extreme Temperatures," "Disaster Recovery," "Special Needs," "Disaster Preparedness," "Information & Services for Elders," and "Disaster Contact Information."
Florida. Department of Elder Affairs
2011-06
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Anticipating Viral Species Jumps: Bioinformatics and Data Needs
"Viral species jumps (also called host jumps) occur when a virus acquires the ability to infect and spread among individuals of a new host species. Historical examples of animal viruses that jumped into human hosts include HIV, SARS coronavirus and influenza A virus. Globally, these viruses have exacted high socioeconomic and health costs. The ability to predict viral species jumps can reduce such costs by enabling swifter outbreak mitigation strategies and prevention of initial or secondary human infection. Currently, most emerging infectious disease surveillance efforts seek the 'ecological drivers behind spillover events' -- factors like climate, land use and population migrations driving infections that do not spread between humans. By contrast, we focus here on the 'evolutionary drivers behind species jumps' -- the genetic changes over time driving infections that spread efficiently among humans. We see an opportunity to apply field surveillance and laboratory data to better understand how viral species jumps occur. There are publicly available extant data that can be marshaled. To build a mechanistic framework of understanding, data must be integrated and accessible to users for analysis and modeling, as well as formulation and testing of hypotheses. In short, bioinformatics must be applied." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
United States. Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Flanagan, Meg L.; Leighton, Terrance; Dudley, Joseph
2011-06
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P.L. 111-292, the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010: Summary of Provisions and Possible Issues for Oversight [May 11, 2011]
"The Telework Enhancement Act of 2010 (H.R. 1722), enacted as P.L. 111-292, requires the head of each executive agency to establish and implement a policy under which employees shall be authorized to telework. [...] The law amends Title 5 of the United States Code by adding a new chapter, Chapter 65, entitled 'Telework,' and defines telework as a work flexibility arrangement under which an employee performs the duties and responsibilities of his or her position, and other authorized activities, from an approved worksite other than the location from which the employee would otherwise work. [...] As executive agencies implement the law on telework, Congress may wish to examine several issues, including the policies and guidance that the Office of Management and Budget and OPM, respectively, will be prescribing on the security of information and systems during telework, and the operation of executive agency telework programs. This report summarizes the provisions of P.L. 111-292 and identifies several possible issues for congressional oversight of telework. It will be updated as the law is implemented."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schwemle, Barbara L.
2011-05-11
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Pediatric/Neonatal Disaster and Medical Surge Plan and Preparedness Toolkit
"The events of the Katrina Hurricane (2005), H1N1 Pandemic Flu (2009), Haiti Earthquake (2010) and Japan Earthquake/Tsunami/Nuclear Crisis (2011) demonstrate the need for a strong collaborative approach integrating newborns, infants and children into disaster planning. The resources required for the care of neonates and children are limited and regionally distributed. Successful neonatal and pediatric all-hazard preparedness relies on a strong network of committed public health agencies, emergency medical services, hospitals and communities. First steps to effective response include preserving bed capacity, competency and equipment to support a system of emergency care for infants and children within the county under normal conditions. […] The next step to providing effective disaster preparedness involves the practice of including neonates and pediatrics in all county, provider agency and hospital-based disaster exercises."
Contra Costa County (Calif.). Health Services Department
2011-05
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Improving Outreach to At-Risk Latino Populations for Pandemic Influenza and Public Health Emergency Preparedness
From the Introduction: "In the event of a public health emergency, such as a pandemic influenza, it is important that health authorities are able to quickly reach the entire potentially affected population with appropriate information. Effective emergency risk communication requires the selection of appropriate messages, messengers, and methods of delivery to disseminate information to audiences before, during, and after the event. [...] This document is an updated version of the 'Best Practice Guidelines: Outreach to Latino Hard-to-Reach Populations: Emergency Preparedness', published by the Health Initiative of the Americas (HIA) in 2010. It provides best practices to support public health authorities and providers in connecting with community-based organizations in their efforts to reach the at-risk Latino population in the event of a pandemic or a public health emergency."
Health Initiative of the Americas (Berkeley, Calif.); University of California, Berkeley. School of Public Health
Osorio, Liliana; Castañeda, Xochitl; Vostrejs, Meredith Miller
2011-05
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Pandemic Influenza: Triage and Scarce Resource Allocation Guidelines (Draft)
"In the event of a pandemic influenza or other public health emergency, the demand for healthcare resources and services will dramatically increase. Out of necessity, scarce resources and patient care will have to be allocated so as to generally 'do the greatest good for the greatest number'. Towards this end, the Florida Department of Health has prepared this guidance document to assist public and private medical and healthcare entities statewide in dealing with such events. […] These guidelines were developed by the Florida Department of Health (FDOH). Their purpose is to provide guidance on patient triage and care during a pandemic or other public health emergency when the demand for resources and/or services dramatically exceeds supply. The Institute of Medicine has provided a framework that allows consistency in establishing the key components required of any effort focused on crisis standards of care in a disaster situation. These guidelines are based on that framework."
Florida. Department of Health
2011-04-05
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Binational Collaboration and Infectious Disease Surveillance Along the U.S.-México Border
"The purpose of this white paper is to review some of the challenges and advances made toward binational collaboration in infectious disease surveillance along the U.S.-México border region to inform local, state, and federal public health officials in their efforts to improve binational and cross-border collaboration. This paper also presents a number of cross-cutting issues produced by the work groups formed before and during the initial U.S.-México Binational Infectious Disease Conference, sponsored by U.S.-México Border Health Commission (BHC), in San Antonio, Texas, held on June 28-30, 2010, and reviews the need to support the implementation of the proposed Guidelines for US-Mexico Coordination on Epidemiologic Events of Mutual Interest."
United States-Mexico Border Health Commission
2011-04-04
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Pandemic Influenza Guidance, Annex 2: Laboratory
"The Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (DHH) Office of Public Health (OPH) has created this Pandemic Influenza Guidance as a comprehensive containment and treatment plan to assist in the control of an outbreak of a novel influenza virus, such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus ('swine flu') or avian influenza. DHH OPH has followed, and will continue to follow, the international and national recommendations for identification, prophylaxis, and treatment of disease as well as considered the frameworks provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for pandemic planning purposes as well as those recommended by the Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA). This Laboratory Annex also serves as an Annex to the Louisiana Pandemic Influenza Guidance, which describes the overall response for the Department of Health and Hospitals."
Louisiana. Department of Health and Hospitals
2011-03
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Emergency Preparedness for Families of Children with Special Needs [Revised March 2011]
"Emergency Preparedness: Hurricanes, acts of terrorism, pandemic flu and floods are in our minds today. But, even though we all know what CAN happen… are we prepared? Would we know what to do? For families of children with special needs planning becomes even more difficult. Knowing how you will respond is critical. It means extra attention to details and needs that typical families may not have to worry about. Using this preparation and planning guide can help you be better prepared, no matter what the emergency or disaster!"
Axis Group I, LLC
Wells, Conni
2011-03
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Wildland Urban Interface Fire in the Rio Grande Valley State Park - Shelter in Place
"The problem was that the Albuquerque Fire Department was uncertain of whether sheltering in place or evacuation would minimize community risk if a wildland urban interface fire occurred in the Rio Grande Valley State Park. The purpose of the research was to minimize community risk by determining whether sheltering in place or evacuation procedures should be used when a wildland urban interface fire occurs in the Rio Grande Valley State Park. A descriptive research methodology was used to answer four research questions: (a) What property factors within the Rio Grande Valley State Park, such as building construction type, fuel proximity to structures and egress routes affect the decision to shelter in place or evacuate; (b) What environmental factors, such as fuel, weather and topography affect the decision to shelter in place or evacuate; (c) What is the legal authority of public safety officials in our jurisdiction to order and enforce shelter in place or evacuation procedures; and (d) How do the demographics of the communities adjacent to the Rio Grande Valley State Park affect the decision to shelter in place or evacuate?"
National Fire Academy
Downey, David W.
2011-03?
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Revised International Health Regulations: A Framework for Global Pandemic Response
"The 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak tested the revised International Health Regulations [IHR (2005)] robustly for the first time. The IHR (2005) contributed to swift international notification, allowing nations to implement their pandemic preparedness plans while Mexico voluntarily adopted stringent social distancing measures to limit further disease spread -- factors that probably delayed sustained human-to-human transmission outside the Americas. While the outbreak revealed unprecedented efficiency in international communications and cooperation, it also revealed weaknesses at every level of government. The response raises questions regarding the extent to which the IHR (2005) can serve as a framework for global pandemic response and the balance between global governance of disease control measures and national sovereignty."
Global Health Governance
Katz, Rebecca; Fischer, Julie
2011-02-09
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Public Health Emergency Response (PHER) Grant: One-time Federal Funding for Missouri's H1N1 Pandemic Response: July 31, 2009 - Present
"When the H1N1 influenza virus struck, states received one-time federal grant funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in July 2009. Funding through the Public Health Emergency Response (PHER) Grant was provided in three phases and was dedicated to help accelerate state and local mass vaccination planning, begin mass vaccination implementation and to improve healthcare systems ability to respond to an influenza pandemic. [...] When the H1N1 pandemic struck, Missouri launched a strong response early in the pandemic. However, PHER funding was crucial in allowing us to maintain a strong, effective pandemic influenza response over a longer time than we could have otherwise. While our response was a success, we faced a number of barriers that affected key aspects of our overall response effort and, therefore, hindered our ability to more effectively fight the H1N1 virus on all fronts. Further, we identified numerous lessons-learned that we now can use to strengthen our plans, preparations, resources and capabilities to mount a more powerful response to the next pandemic."
Missouri. Department of Health & Senior Services
2011-02-07
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Community Assessment Tool for Public Health Emergencies Including Pandemic Influenza
From the Introduction/Purpose: "The Community Assessment Tool (CAT) for Public Health Emergencies Including Pandemic Influenza (hereafter referred to as the CAT) was developed as a result of feedback received from several communities. These communities participated in workshops focused on influenza pandemic planning and response. The 2008 through 2011 workshops were sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [...] This tool has been reviewed by a variety of key subject matter experts from federal, state, and local agencies and organizations. It also has been piloted with various communities that consist of different population sizes, to include large urban to small rural communities."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
2011-02
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Quality Improvement Success in Kansas with H1N1 and Social Distancing
"The tools and techniques of Quality Improvement (QI) can produce rapid results in improved operating efficiency. Properly applied, QI allows leaders and employees to choose an improvement plan which integrates smoothly with existing priorities. Effective use of data gathering and analysis, leadership, and communication tools maintain accountability as improvement tasks are conducted. Existing resources are coordinated with other priorities to maximize outcomes while eliminating waste. Documentation and performance management techniques ensure alignment with strategic objectives and transparency of operations. In the summer of 2009, Kansas Department of Health and Environment QI teams used flowcharting to create a new information alert system."
Public Health Foundation (U.S.)
Duffy, Grace L.
2011-02-01
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Contra Costa County Pediatric/Neonatal Disaster and Medical Surge Plan and Preparedness Toolkit
"The events of the Katrina Hurricane (2005), H1N1 Pandemic Flu (2009), and Haiti Earthquake (2010) demonstrate the need for a strong collaborative approach integrating newborns, infants and children into disaster planning. The resources required for the care of neonates and children are limited and regionally distributed. Successful neonatal and pediatric all-hazard preparedness relies on a strong network of committed public health agencies, emergency medical services, hospitals and communities. First steps to effective response include preserving bed capacity, competency and equipment to support a system of emergency care for infants and children within the county under normal conditions. The Contra Costa EMS [Emergency Medical Services] for Children (EMSC) Plan implemented in 2000 has been fundamental to improving and sustaining standards of care for the pediatric population from birth to age 18. The plan was updated in 2008 and is available on the Contra Costa County EMS website at www.cccems.org. The Contra Costa EMSC Plan provides the essential foundation to build an effective infrastructure of sustainable neonatal and pediatric disaster preparedness. The next step to providing effective disaster preparedness involves the practice of including neonates and pediatrics in all county, provider agency and hospital-based disaster exercises. This toolkit has been developed to facilitate this preparedness and is to be used in conjunction with California EMS Authority EMS for Children (EMSC) Pediatric Disaster Preparedness Guidelines for LEMSAs [Local EMS Agencies] and EMSC Pediatric Disaster Preparedness Guidelines for Hospitals."
Contra Costa County (Calif.). Emergency Medical Services Agency
2011-02
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Infectious Disease Emergency Response Plan
From the Background and Purpose: "Infectious disease emergencies are circumstances caused by biological agents, including organisms such as bacteria, viruses or toxins with the potential for significant illness or death in the population. Infectious disease emergencies may include naturally occurring outbreaks (e.g., measles, mumps, meningococcal disease), emerging infectious diseases (e.g., SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome], avian influenza), and bioterrorism. The circumstances of infectious disease emergencies may vary by multiple factors, including type of biological agent, scale of exposure, mode of transmission and intentionality (bioterrorism), and many others. Public health measures to contain such outbreaks are especially important for diseases with high morbidity or mortality and limited medical prophylaxis and/or treatment [...] The purpose of the Infectious Disease Emergency Response (IDER) Plan is to contain an outbreak of disease caused by an infectious agent or biological toxin, or respond to other infectious disease emergencies as defined above. This is consistent with the San Francisco Department of Public Health's (DPH) mission to protect the public from illness and/or death."
San Francisco (Calif.). Department of Public Health
2011-02
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What Does Shelter-in-Place Mean?
This document explains what it means to shelter-in-place, and under what scenarios this response should be used. It also provides links to additional information about sheltering-in-place.
Kings County (Calif.)
Hall, Elizabeth
2011-01-31
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Contact Tracing Risk Assessment Profile (CT‐RAP) for Public Ground Transport
From the Introduction: "This document is based on information from the following sources: analysis of European passenger data, comprehensive and structured literature review, compilation of pathogen specific epidemiology, structured expert consultations including the application of the Delphi-Method, and an expert survey. Scientific evidence combined with expert experience led to the development of a semi‐quantitative tool; the rating of values on scales as presented in a CT [contact tracing]‐RAP [risk assessment profile] cannot deliver binding recommendations but provides the public health expert with orientation. Prior to making the decision to CT on ground transport, epidemiologists should take into account that the CT‐RAP's provided in this document cannot cover every aspect or factor potentially influencing decision making, e.g., the epidemiological situation in each country. This document describes the tool and its rationale. It focuses on the transmission of infectious diseases on public ground transport."
Robert Koch-Institut
Mohr, Oliver, 1967-; Askar, Mona; Hermes, Julia . . .
2011-01-31?
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Global Health Security Initiative: 10 Years of Collaborative Action
"The term global health security is often used to describe preparedness for and response to serious health incidents that are cross-border in nature and that pose a risk to security, destabilize economies, disrupt social cohesion, and affect the critical business of government. Key risks to global health security being addressed by governments and international bodies include chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats (CBRN) and the spread of pandemic influenza. Events that have influenced the global health security landscape include the 1995 sarin gas attack in the Tokyo subway, the 2001 mailing of anthrax spores through the United States postal system, the 2003 emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the accident at TEPCO's Fukushima nuclear power station in Japan. The Global Health Security Initiative provides an effective forum to convene representatives from member delegations to discuss current and future global health security concerns. The Initiative also works with other institutions to improve preparedness efforts worldwide, through better coordinated surveillance, detection and response efforts."
Global Health Security Initiative; European Commission
2011?
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Preventing Transmission of Pandemic Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers: Update 2010
"In 2009, the H1N1 influenza pandemic brought to the forefront the many unknowns about the virulence, spread, and nature of the virus, as well as questions regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare personnel. In this book, the Institute of Medicine assesses the progress of PPE research and identifies future directions for PPE for health care personnel."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Liverman, Catharyn T.; Larson, Elaine
2011-01
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New York State Guidance: County Mass Fatality Annex With Emphasis on Pandemic Influenza Preparedness [2011]
"The State of New York is subject to a wide variety of natural, technological and human-caused hazards. The occurrence of such hazards has the potential to impact public and private property and critical infrastructure; they can also cause great economic hardship, and a significant toll in human lives...Other events, such as a pandemic influenza, have the potential to cause more death and illness than any other public health threat...The purpose of this annex is to ensure that there is a mass fatality plan in place that coordinates the activities of all partners in the county to: 1) properly process human remains as efficiently, effectively and respectfully as possible, and 2) protect public health. This document will serve as an annex to the county CEMP [Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan] which can be used for all-hazards mass fatality management, and includes specific mechanisms in response to mass fatalities that originate from pandemic influenza."
New York (State). Department of Health; New York (State). Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services
2011-01
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Recommendations for Good Practice in Pandemic Preparedness for National Influenza Centres
"To assist Member States with the revision of their pandemic plans with respect to laboratory activities after the 2009 influenza H1N1 pandemic, WHO/Europe [World Health Organization] performed an evaluation of the usefulness of pandemic plans and preparedness activities undertaken by laboratory networks and WHO in the response to the pandemic. Using a systematic approach, National Influenza Centres and national influenza reference laboratories in six Member States were interviewed by telephone. Six major themes considered essential to pandemic preparedness for laboratories were identified: communication; coordination/collaboration; capacity; adaptation; leadership; and support. Key issues and recommendations for good practice in pandemic preparedness for National Influenza Centres and WHO were subsequently identified. Pandemic preparedness had generally been successful, with close collaboration between laboratory networks in countries, formal plan approval, laboratory accreditation process and international/national information sourcing emerging as important success factors. Future preparedness activities should continue to emphasize these areas, as well as improve planning for: diagnostic capacity building; control on high diagnostic demands; clinical-laboratory feedback mechanisms; management of media requests to laboratory staff; and real-time monitoring of antiviral resistance."
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
Jean-Gilles, Lucie; Pereyaslov, Dimitriy; Brown, Caroline . . .
2011
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Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the Sharing of Influenza Viruses and Access to Vaccines and Other Benefits
"The objective of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework is to improve pandemic influenza preparedness and response, and strengthen the protection against the pandemic influenza by improving and strengthening the WHO [World Health Organization] global influenza surveillance and response system ('WHO GISRS'), with the objective of a fair, transparent, equitable, efficient, effective system for, on an equal footing: (i) the sharing of H5N1 and other influenza viruses with human pandemic potential; and (ii) access to vaccines and sharing of other benefits."
World Health Organization
2011
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Summary of the First Post-pandemic Influenza Season in the WHO European Region: 2010-2011
From an abstract provided by the World Health Organization (WHO): "This document provides an overview of the 2010-2011 influenza season, including information about: influenza surveillance in the WHO European Region (epidemiological surveillance, virological surveillance, sentinel SARI [Severe Acute Respiratory Infections] surveillance); underlying conditions associated with severe disease due to influenza 2010-2011; vaccine match in the 2010-2011 influenza season; antiviral resistance and clinical care of patients; and influenza activity in the temperate regions of the southern hemisphere 2011 influenza season."
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
2011
