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Preventing Future Pandemics of Zoonotic Origin by Combating Wildlife Crime: Protecting Global Health, Security and Economy
From the Document: "The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major health emergency that has been characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The first cases were detected in Wuhan, China, and it has rapidly spread across the globe in the first quarter of 2020, affecting populations in over 200 countries and territories and impacting entire communities, societies and economies. The COVID-19 pandemic is a wake-up call to rethink global approaches to protecting natural resources and ultimately the health of billions of people. According to ongoing research, COVID-19 is likely linked to a zoonotic pathogen in wild bats that may have passed to humans, possibly via an intermediary. While there is no conclusive evidence to date, initial findings suggested that the pangolin, a scaly anteater, which is a reservoir of coronaviruses that genetically resemble that which caused COVID-19, may have been a such an intermediary and could be a source of similar viruses in the future."
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
2020?
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COVID-19 Response: Considerations for Children and Adults with Disabilities
"People experiencing social disadvantage and marginalization are known to be disproportionately impacted by ill-health. In the context of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, persons with disabilities may have increased risk for exposure, complications, and death as: [1] Persons with disabilities are disproportionately represented among older populations, who are known to be at increased risk in the COVID-19 pandemic. It is estimated that more than 46% of the world's population of people over age 60 have disabilities; [2] Children and adults with disabilities may have underlying health conditions that increase their risk of serious complications from COVID-19; [3] Persons with disabilities are disproportionately represented among the world's people living in poverty. It has been identified that the impacts of COVID-19 are likely to be worse for people in lower socio-economic groups."
UNICEF
2020?
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COVID-19 Best Practice Information: Economic Recovery
From the Background: "[1] States and jurisdictions across the country have directed residents to stay home; many more jurisdictions have shut down all 'non-essential' businesses. These 'shelter in place' policies have adversely affected thousands of businesses. [2] This document highlights best practices to mitigate the effects of shelter in place policies on businesses and steps to take to work towards economic recovery. These are best practices for consideration and do not constitute and should not be considered as guidance in any way."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020?
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Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Health Emergency Preparedness Table-Top Exercise (TTX): Participants' Guide
From the Overview: "The Table Top (TTX) COVID-19 [Novel Coronavirus] exercise is a tool that has been developed to assist Governments and Agencies in the process of strengthening plans and policies with the intention of being able to identify and contain and outbreak of COVID-19 in the country. The TTX Simulation is designed to support the use of the 'WHO [World Health Organization] Operational Readiness Benchmarks for COVID-19.' [...] This exercise uses the scenario of an imported case, as the base for a detailed discussion guided by the exercise facilitator. During the TTX, there are no 'real' actions carried out. The participants (based on their real-life function) explain and discuss among themselves how they would react to the scenario, without being required to execute those actions. Prior to starting the TTX, it is important that all participants know their roles and responsibilities in relation to the national response plan/ appropriate contingency plan."
World Health Organization
2020?
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Tennessee 'Pledge': Reopening Tennessee Responsibly
From the Document: "The 'Tennessee Pledge' is a plan to help Tennesseans return to work in a safe environment, restore their livelihoods and reboot our state's economy. COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is an unprecedented and rapidly evolving threat facing Tennessee and the world. The health and safety of Tennesseans remains our number one priority. Much of our state's current success in this fight is because Tennesseans naturally choose to put each other first and voluntarily adopt safe, new habits. It's that volunteer spirit that's been fighting this pandemic, and it's the same volunteer spirit that will rebuild our economy. [...] The Tennessee Pledge asks businesses to provide safe working conditions that protect both employees and consumers, while securing their livelihoods. This plan also asks employees to commit to protecting themselves, their co-workers and the customers they serve. Finally, we encourage every Tennessee resident to be on the same team with our businesses: act responsibly by following recommended guidelines for social distancing, hygiene and wearing protective equipment when appropriate. Only by working together as a community of volunteers can we successfully reboot our economy--a vital component of our lives, security and liberty--and successfully move past this public health crisis."
Tennessee
2020
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When a Loved One Dies from COVID-19
From the Document: "Death of a loved one is a painful experience. However, death due to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is likely to be more difficult for several reasons: the death is unanticipated and families are separated from their hospitalized loved one due to potential contagion. Families may be unable to grieve and memorialize their loss in ways that are religiously and culturally familiar. It is likely that family and close friends will be distressed, confused, and have many questions. When a loved one dies, we are forever changed. As we move through the pain of grief, it is important to remember that many people find new strengths and capabilities and develop enduring relationships with others. This Fact Sheet provides helpful information to families (or those caring for them) to help cope with their loss."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Taking Care of Your Family During Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreaks
From the Document: "Infectious disease outbreaks, including Coronavirus (COVID-19) that was first identified in China in December 2019, create a call to action for individuals and families to take responsibility for their health. Although leaders in science, medicine, and government closely monitor and seek solutions for disease outbreaks, the best way to protect one's family is through staying informed, practicing good basic hygiene and preventive measures, engaging in strategies to help manage stress, and learning ways to involve your children in family health care."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Discussing Coronavirus with Your Children
From the Document: "Like any tough subject, Coronavirus (COVID-19) can be challenging for parents to talk about with their children. It is natural to want to 'protect' children from unpleasant information. However, young children, even infants and toddlers, pick up on emotional changes in the family, and at times assume the worst. Most children have questions they need answered. When talking with children about coronavirus, parents should find a relaxed time and place, and provide sensitive and responsive caregiving while addressing their children's questions and concerns. When parents feel calm and clear in their own understanding, it is easier to be calm and clear when explaining tough topics to children."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Helping Homebound Children During the COVID-19 Outbreak
From the Document: "Emergency measures, such as requiring that children remain at home are critical methods to limit the spread of infection from the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Despite its positive public health benefits, for an individual child, being homebound can serve as an opportunity to spend time with family, but also can result in insufficient physical activity, irregular sleep patterns, weight gain, and decreased fitness. As many parents know, boredom and frustration are common during time required to be home and inside. The lifestyle changes may also contribute to social isolation from peers and teachers, anxiety, and tension among family members due to a lack of personal space at home. Importantly, public fear about COVID-19 that stigmatizes and scapegoats specific populations can further increase a child's and family's sense of isolation. Clinicians and parents can consider the following approaches to better manage homebound periods for children and families."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Tips for Coping When Quarantined with COVID-19 Family Members
From the Document: "Individuals with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] are generally required to remain quarantined at home. Their family members take on the important role of caring for them, including providing supportive treatments, monitoring for worsening of their condition, preventing the spread of the disease, and at times determining when to end isolation. Family members may feel ill-equipped to properly care for their loved one. In addition, families may be stigmatized for having a member diagnosed with the disease. These responsibilities, the concern about becoming infected, and uncertainty about the patient's recovery may result in elevated distress. Below are strategies to help families cope with these challenges."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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When Family Members Are Hospitalized Due to COVID-19
From the Document: "As the number of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases rises, hospitalizations will also increase. These hospitalizations can be extremely challenging not only for patients, but also for families who might experience distress due to uncertainty about a loved one's recovery, and also due to personal risk of contracting the disease. Additionally, family members may not be permitted to visit their loved ones in the hospital because of potential contagion, which creates difficult separations for everyone. Families may also feel stigmatized by others in their community for having a relative with the disease. Given those challenges, several strategies are suggested to help families cope while their relatives are hospitalized."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Managing Family Conflict While Home During COVID-19: Intimate Partners
From the Document: "Physical distancing that is required to contain the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic creates opportunities and challenges for couples and families. The sudden increase in time spent together within a common living space can promote 'family togetherness', but also possible stress and resulting conflict between intimate partners. Although conflict happens in every healthy relationship, and increased time together can provide an opportunity to build healthy communication skills, some families may struggle to address conflict constructively, creating risk for physical aggression. The following strategies may help partners manage conflict during periods of home confinement."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Finding the Right Words to Talk with Children and Teens About Coronavirus
From the Document: "When talking to children about Coronavirus (COVID-19), it is important for parents to use developmentally-appropriate explanations tailored to the child's age, verbal ability, and cognitive understanding. Suggestions for talking to children of different ages about coronavirus are provided below."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Family Readiness: Preparing Your Family for Uncertain Events During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Disasters
From the Document: "When families experience threats to our health and wellbeing, uncertainty about the future is expected. Disasters that are unpredictable, such as the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, underscore the importance of family readiness. Family readiness requires that we plan for the possibility of illness, lengthy hospital stays, incapacitation, or even death of those that we love. As a result, we must weigh decisions that we would otherwise not wish to consider. For example, how do we prepare for lengthy family separations, determine who will look after our children if we become ill, or prepare for which of our family members or friends can take over personal and financial matters as we would desire."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Grief Leadership During COVID-19
From the Document: "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put in perspective the need for leaders to prepare for disruption of work routines, anxiety within their communities and organizations, and even death of community members, friends, and team members. Understanding people's reactions to the losses associated with tragic events informs the roles that leaders can play in support of recovery. In the aftermath of traumatic events many people want to hear guidance from their community or organization leaders. During pandemics, leaders must attend to many responsibilities, including effective communication to those in their communities who have questions, seek reassurance, want to take action, or just want to know they are not alone in their grief. As distress and anxiety turn to sorrow and mourning, leaders are responsible for identifying when communities are ready for the next step forward. Leaders know how best to speak the language of each community to help individuals, families, and care providers."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Stress Management for Leaders and Supervisors of Mortuary and Death Care Operations During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The worldwide spread of the coronavirus has resulted in an unprecedented era of uncertainty, fear, disruption, economic hardship, sickness, and death. During a pandemic, many individuals are exposed to the dead. These exposures can be stressful and increase the risk for post traumatic reactions. The guidelines below describe ways to reduce stress and increase adaptive coping in individuals exposed to mass death, including training personnel for mortuary work."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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Prolonged Operations in Personal Protective Equipment During COVID-19: 'Recommendations for Workers and Managers'
From the Document: "Response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has required significantly greater use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by first responders and healthcare workers. In some instances the need for working in PPE may extend for entire shifts and continue for weeks. The following fact sheet summarizes psychological challenges associated with prolonged work in PPE and recommendations for workers and managers to overcome those challenges."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
2020?
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COVID-19 Best Practice Information: Requesting Medical Resources
From the Background: "[1] There is an increasing shortage of medical resources to support COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] operations in local and state communities. These shortages are being seen at different levels across the nation as the COVID-19 public health emergency evolves and deepens. In order to maximize public health and medical resources and capacity in the United States, jurisdictions must exercise crisis standards of care, prioritize the employment of health care resources, and develop and implement innovative health care practices. [2] The following is a list of best practice considerations as they relate to ongoing COVID-19 operations across the country. These are best practices for consideration and do not constitute and should not be considered as guidance in any way."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020?
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COVID-19 Best Practice Information: Supply Chain
From the Background: "[1] Commercial truck drivers play a critical role in the coronavirus (COVID-19) response by delivering essential supplies including medicine, food, fuel, and personal protective equipment as part of the supply chain. With many gas stations and restaurants closing or reducing their operations in response to COVID-19, truck drivers are struggling to access meals, showers, and rest. This document compiles best practices for jurisdictions to consider how to ensure these services remain available to truck drivers. [2]This document contains considerations and recommendations from previous incidents and existing information, which may be helpful to support planning for COVID-19 efforts. These are best practices for consideration and do not constitute and should not be considered as guidance in any way."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020?
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Addressing the Impacts of COVID-19 in Food Crises: April-December 2020
From the Executive Summary: "Since late 2019 early 2020, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus - has rapidly spread across the world, devastating lives and livelihoods. As of late March 2020, the full impact of the virus on food security and agricultural food systems is not yet known, nor will likely be known, for months to come as the spread of the virus continues to evolve differently by continent and by country. What is clear is that it will have, and is already having, significant negative effects on people along the food supply chain - from producers to processors, marketers, transporters and consumers. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is particularly concerned about the potential impacts of the virus and related containment efforts on food security and livelihoods in contexts of high vulnerability and where populations are already experiencing food crises."
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2020
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Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Health Emergency Preparedness Table-Top Exercise (TTX): Facilitators' Guide
From the Overview: "The COVID-19 [Novel Coronavirus] Table-Top Exercise (TTX) is a simulation package which uses a progressive scenario together with series of scripted specific injects to enable participants to consider the potential impact of an outbreak in terms of existing plans, procedures and capacities. The aim of the TTX is to strengthen national levels of readiness against the virus through a series of facilitated group discussions. The TTX simulation package differs to other forms of functional/field-based Simulation in a number of ways: [1] It is not a test of a plan or other specific preparedness measures; stress testing is done through other forms of functional simulation exercises. [2] The key outcomes are aimed at identifying gaps and strengthening preparedness, rather than testing of preparedness measure: [3] There is greater flexibility with regards to time, numbers and profile of participants. [4] The TTX requires less time and resources to plan and implement than a functional or field-based exercise. Where feasible, the use of drills, a functional or field-based exercises could be considered as a follow-on activity to this TTX."
World Health Organization
2020?
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Nouveau Coronavirus (COVID-19) Exercice de simulation sur table (TTX): Guide du participant
"L'exercice COVID-19 [Nouveau Coronavirus] de Table Top (TTX) est un outil qui a été développé pour aider les gouvernements et les organismes à renforcer les plans et les politiques dans le but d'identifier, de contenir l'apparation de cas de COVID-19 dans le pays. La simulation TTX est conçue pour soutenir l'utilisation de la « liste des repères de préparation opérationnelle pour COVID-19». [...] Cet exercice utilise un scénario commençant avec un cas importé, comme base pour une discussion détaillée guidée par le facilitateur de l'exercice. Pendant le TTX, il n'y a pas de 'vraies' actions menées. Les participants (en se basant sur leur fonction réelle) expliquent et discutent entre eux comment ils réagiraient au scénario, sans être tenus d'exécuter ces actions lors de l'exercice. Avant de commencer le TTX, il est important que tous les participants connaissent leurs rôles et leurs responsabilités en ce qui concerne le plan d'intervention national/plan d'urgence approprié."
World Health Organization
2020?
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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Training: Simulation Exercise
From the Webpage: "To support countries' preparedness effort on the COVID-19 [Coronavirus Disease 2019] outbreak, WHO`s [World Health Organization's] Department of Health Security and Preparedness has developed a generic COVID-19 tabletop exercise package. The exercise aims to examine and strengthen existing plans, procedures and capabilities to manage an imported case of 2019-nCov [Coronavirus Disease 2019] and targets the health authorities at the national level. The simulation package consists of different elements including: [1] A participants' guide and a facilitators' guide to explain what is expected from the different people involved in the preparation and running of the exercise. [2] A PowerPoint presentation to support the facilitation of the exercise and its subsequent debriefing; [3] A set of reference documents and technical guidance on 2019-nCov. The package highlights clearly where some minor adaptions are needed to make the simulation country-specific and more relevant to the participants."
World Health Organization
2020
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COVID-19: Guidance for Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Settings
From the Introduction: "This document outlines the infection prevention and control advice for healthcare workers involved in receiving, assessing and caring for patients who are a possible or confirmed case of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. It is based on the best evidence available from previous pandemic and inter-pandemic periods and focuses on the infection prevention and control aspects of this disease only, recognising that a preparedness plan will consider other counter measures. The infection prevention and control advice in this document is considered good practice in response to this COVID-19 pandemic."
Great Britain. Department of Health & Social Care; Public Health Wales; Northern Ireland. Public Health Agency . . .
2020
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Countering Coronavirus Stigma and Racism: Tips for Teachers and Other Educators
From the Document: "Since the first cases of coronavirus (COVID-19) were identified in China, individuals of Chinese and Asian descent have been experiencing 'coronavirus racism,' which includes anti-Chinese and anti-Asian scapegoating for the spread of COVID-19 and other xenophobic reactions including fear, exclusion, microaggressions, and other racist behaviors related to this public health epidemic. Both children and adults have been targets of verbal harassment, avoidance, and exclusion. Bullying and harassment are 'never' acceptable, but they can be especially damaging when certain students or segments of society feel especially vulnerable. School personnel need to be prepared to prevent and to intervene quickly and effectively in the presence of abusive behaviors toward 'any' students. Indeed, schools have a legal and ethical responsibility to uphold all students' civil rights, which includes preventing all forms of bullying, harassment, and racist intimidation or behavior."
National Association of School Psychologists
Malone, Celeste; Conolly, Christina N.; Coffey, Lisa . . .
2020
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Nurses, Ethics and the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The American Nurses Association's 'Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements' (2015) is the nursing profession's nonnegotiable ethical practice standard. Provision 2 of the 'Code' states that 'the nurse's primary commitment is to the patient.' Provision 5 of the 'Code' states that the nurse owes the same duty to self as to others. These equal obligations can conflict during pandemics when nurses must continually care for critically ill infectious patients, often under extreme circumstances including insufficient or inadequate resources and uncontained contagion. During pandemics, nurses and their colleagues must decide how much care they can provide to others while also taking care of themselves. They must be supported in these heart-wrenching decisions by the systems in which they provide care and by society. Professional nurses historically bring compassionate competent care to disaster response but are challenged to provide care when the nature of their work puts them at increased risk. Nurses struggle with feeling physically unsafe in the response situation, such as in times of scarce resources where supplies of such items as personal protective equipment (PPE) may be inadequate. Nurses are concerned about professional, ethical, and legal protection when asked to provide care in such high-risk situations, such as the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic."
American Nurses Association
2020?
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Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Survival in Relation to Temperature and Humidity and Potential for Seasonality for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 7, 2020)
From the Website Description: "In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues. This publication responds to questions concerning virus survival in relation to temperature and humidity, and potential for seasonal reduction and resurgence of cases."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
2020
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Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Testing for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8, 2020)
From the Website Description: "In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues. This publication provides scientifically grounded principles that are relevant to decision-making about the interpretation of laboratory tests."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
2020
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Rapid Expert Consultation on the Effectiveness of Fabric Masks for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8, 2020)
From the Website Description: "In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues. This publication responds to questions concerning the effectiveness of homemade fabric masks worn by the general public to protect others, as distinct from protecting the wearer."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
2020
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Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Antibody Response for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8, 2020)
From the Website Description: "In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues. This publication responds to questions concerning viral shedding and antibody response."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
2020
