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Plan Now to Be Ready for the Next Flu Pandemic
"Use this fact sheet to help you plan how to get ready for the next flu pandemic before it happens. [...]. A new pandemic flu virus will spread easily from person to person, mostly through coughing and sneezing. When a sick person coughs or sneezes near you, you can breathe in droplets that have the virus. The droplets also could land on surfaces you may touch with your hands."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2008
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Addressing Ethical Issues in Pandemic Influenza Planning
From the Introduction: "In March 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened four working groups to review the literature and develop preliminary conclusions on key ethical issues in pandemic preparedness and response. [...] This volume includes the background papers prepared by the chairpersons in consultation with their working group members. In chapter I, Marcel Verweij of Utrecht University (Netherlands), chairperson of the working group on 'Equitable access to therapeutic and prophylactic measures', explores the challenge of allocating vaccines, antiviral medications, ventilators, and other scarce resources during a pandemic. [...] Chapter II is written by Larry Gostin, chairperson of the working group on 'Isolation, quarantine, border control, and social distancing' and Ben Berkman, both of Georgetown University. [...] In chapter III, Ross Upshur of the University of Toronto (Canada), who served as chairperson of the working group on 'Role and obligations of health-care workers during an influenza pandemic', discusses the importance of ensuring adequate numbers of health-care workers during a pandemic. [...] Finally, in chapter IV, Robert Archer, chairperson of the working group on 'Pandemic influenza planning and response - transnational issues for governments', explores the role of international cooperation in pandemic preparedness and response efforts."
World Health Organization. Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response
2008
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Hawaii Pandemic Influenza Preparedness & Response Plan
Hawaii's Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan provides guidance for state agencies and departments to counter the anticipated impact of a pandemic influenza outbreak.
Hawaii. Department of Health
2008-01-01?
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Tulalip Tribes Pandemic Flu Response Plan
"The primary goal of this plan is to give local decision makers a clear and easy to read guide that defines roles, responsibilities and predetermined decision points that are likely to occur throughout the pandemic. In addition to being a guide to response, the plan should also serve as a lightning rod for the potentially politically charged and complicated questions that need to be asked and answered well before the onset of any pandemic. The Tulalip Tribes' Pandemic Flu Response Plan will be coordinated with local, regional, and state partners. The purpose of the plan is to: Define activities that the Tulalip Tribes and partner agencies may do before a pandemic occurs to prepare for a pandemic flu response; Define the decision-making structure and coordinated response efforts among the Tulalip. Tribes and partner agencies of Snohomish County, and state and federal agencies; Define roles and responsibilities of the Tulalip Tribes and local response partners during a pandemic; and Describe Public Health activities during a pandemic influenza event."
Northwest Tribal Emergency Management Council
2008
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Comments from the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC on Draft Guidances for Pandemic Influenza Planning
"On May 23, 2008, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) proposed and requested public comment on 3 draft guidances for pandemic influenza planning (73 FR 31690-91): (1) Interim Guidance on the Use and Purchase of Facemasks and Respirators by Individuals and Families for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness; (2) Proposed Guidance on Antiviral Drug Use during an Influenza Pandemic; and (3) Proposed Considerations for Antiviral Drug Stockpiling by Employers in Preparation for an Influenza Pandemic. The documents are part of a series of HHS guidances to assist government agencies, businesses, community organizations, and the public in preparing for a pandemic. The Center for Biosecurity of UPMC reviewed the proposed draft guidances and submitted to HHS the following analyses of the antiviral use and employer stockpiling guidances as its official comments."
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Center for Biosecurity
2008
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Occupational Health Disaster Expert Network, (OHDEN) Pandemic Influenza Information Site for Workplace and Workforce Planning [website]
"This website is intended to provide four types of information: Links to instructive materials and smart reference sites regarding either Avian Influenza H5N1, or to the concepts of Pandemic Influenza; Aspects pertaining to care and prevention of worker issues regarding these topics. This means special workforce situations (eg. poultry and healthworkers); Organizational needs regarding public health aspects or population concerns, including contingency management plans for major absenteeism and illness; and Plans and programs created by other professionals responsible for Occupational & Environmental Health issues. Plans, spreadsheets, flow-charts, essays, ideas, commentary are collected."
Occupational Health Disaster Expert Network
2008
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Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza: Important Information for All Australians [2008]
"The burden of an influenza pandemic could overwhelm a nation's health system. An influenza pandemic also has the capacity to cause economic and societal disruption on a massive scale1. For these reasons, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages all countries to draw up and implement national preparedness plans for an influenza pandemic2. There is no certainty when the next influenza pandemic will occur but according to the WHO, 'there will be an influenza pandemic, sooner or later'3. In recent history, two to three pandemics have been recorded every century. How rapidly the next pandemic will emerge is unclear but it could emerge very quickly with little warning. Currently there are influenza viruses with pandemic potential circulating widely in animals. These viruses occasionally infect humans. This situation could continue for some time, and while this situation remains, there is a risk that a pandemic may develop. It is also uncertain how severe the next pandemic may be. It could be relatively mild, creating health problems similar to those seen during a very severe influenza season. Alternatively, a highly pathogenic virus could emerge resulting in serious and widespread illness, leading to a large number of deaths and to the disruption of the normal functioning of society for a prolonged period."
© Commonwealth of Australia 2008
This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney General's Department, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted at http://www.ag.gov.au/cca
Australia. Department of Health and Ageing
2008
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Public Health Pandemic Influenza Response Plan
"The purpose of this plan is to provide a guide for the Wyoming Department of Health (WDH) for detecting and responding to an influenza pandemic. This plan must be periodically reviewed and updated to ensure that its assumptions, resources, priorities, and plans are consistent with current knowledge and changing infrastructure. In addition, in the event of a pandemic, the judgments of the public health leadership, based on the epidemiology of the outbreak and the extent of population infection, may alter or override anticipated strategies and plans."
Wyoming. Department of Health
2008-01
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Missouri's Pandemic Influenza Response Plan [January 2008]
This plan lays out the specific responsibilities of the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services and coordinated agencies during the phases of a pandemic response.
Missouri. Department of Health & Senior Services
2008-01
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Intergovernmental Cooperation in Benchmarking a Local Government Continuity-Of-Operations Exercise
From the Document: "This paper describes intergovernmental cooperation in the conduct of a local government continuity-of-operations exercise by the Public Works Division, Bernalillo County, New Mexico. The commitment of Bernalillo County to cooperation included the implementation of national standards and recommended practice. The commitment was based on principle and not on funding. The planning, training, and exercise cycle is considered part of the ongoing responsibility of the agency and is funded within the Public Works Division's operating budget. All levels of government participated in the exercise. The commitment of other agencies to the local government exercise included external evaluation, review of the AfterAction Report and Improvement Plan, the support of continuity of operations, and ongoing cooperation in critical infrastructure protection. The state involvement in the exercise was through the Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management as well as the Department of Health. Federal agencies supporting the exercise were the U.S. Department of Homeland Security; the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Office of the U.S. Attorney; the 377th Wing Command, Kirtland Air Force Base; Sandia National Laboratories; and the National Nuclear Security Administration. The exercise was successful. The conduct of the exercise demonstrated that the division was well prepared."
National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
West, Tim; Miller, Steve; Zdunek, Tom . . .
2008
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FBIIC/FSSCC Pandemic Flu Exercise of 2007 After Action Report
"This report details the results from this exercise including how the exercise was constructed by the financial services sector through a public-private partnership, the findings from the exercise, and future considerations for the sector and the regulators. Beginning September 24, 2007, more than 2,700 U.S. financial services organizations participated in a 3-week exercise simulating a severe global pandemic flu. The scenario for this exercise posed a realistic picture of the possible systemic risks to the sector and its dependencies on other critical infrastructures. Based on the findings of this exercise, it appears that while there will be significant impacts to the financial services sector, the sector overall will continue to operate and cope with these impacts. The exercise highlighted the need for organizations to include a pandemic-specific focus in their overall business continuity planning efforts. At the start of the exercise, more than one-third of participants stated that they had not yet developed pandemic-specific business continuity plans. However, after the exercise 91 percent of participants said they would apply lessons they learned from the exercise to refine their organizations' business continuity plans."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2008-01
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Pandemic Preparedness: The Need for a Public Health-Not a Law Enforcement/National Security-Approach
"The spread of a new, deadly strain of avian influenza has raised fears of a potential human pandemic. While the virus is not easily transmissible to humans, were it to mutate to be more highly contagious to or between humans-a possibility whose probability is unknown-an influenza pandemic could occur. Government agencies have an essential role to play in helping to prevent and mitigate epidemics. Unfortunately, in recent years, our government's approach to preparing the nation for a possible influenza pandemic has been highly misguided. Too often, policymakers are resorting to law enforcement and national security-oriented measures that not only suppress individual rights unnecessarily, but have proven to be ineffective in stopping the spread of disease and saving lives. The following report examines the relationship between civil liberties and public health in contemporary U.S. pandemic planning and makes a series of recommendations for developing a more effective, civil liberties-friendly approach. Rather than focusing on well-established measures for protecting the lives and health of Americans, policymakers have recently embraced an approach that views public health policy through the prism of national security and law enforcement. This model assumes that we must 'trade liberty for security.' As a result, instead of helping individuals and communities through education and provision of health care, today's pandemic prevention focuses on taking aggressive, coercive actions against those who are sick. People, rather than the disease, become the enemy."
American Civil Liberties Union
Annas, George J.; Mariner, Wendy K.; Parmet, Wendy E.
2008-01
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Hawaii Department of Health Pandemic Influenza Preparedness & Response Plan
"The Hawaii State Department of Health (HDOH) is the State agency entrusted with leading the medical and public health disaster response. The Hawaii Department of Health Pandemic Influenza Preparedness & Response Plan augments the State Plan for Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Response and Assistance, Version 3, and the State Continuity of Operations Plan. It guides coordination and execution of medical and public health activities required to respond to a potential influenza pandemic. As the pandemic escalates, the State government's response will likely include support from agencies with responsibilities outside of medicine and public health. When interagency cooperation is required, HDOH will coordinate all medical and public health activities through State Civil Defense (SCD) under the direction of the Governor. […] This plan is intended to assist all agencies, organizations, and individuals in the State, County, and the private sector with the coordination and integration of resources required to efficiently respond to an influenza pandemic. Planning efforts require everyone and every agency or organization to communicate with each other and identify critical skilled people, equipment, facilities, resources, and operations. To be successful in our response, everyone must take responsibility and work together in preparing for a potential pandemic or other similar infectious disease emergency."
Hawaii. Department of Health
2008-01
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Control of Pandemic Influenza at Ports of Entry and in the Community [presentation]
This presentation, "Control of Pandemic Influenza at Ports of Entry and in the Community," was delivered by Francisco Averhoff at the December 2007 symposium, "UAB Emergency Preparedness and Community Mitigation Symposium" in Birmingham, Alabama. This presentation focuses on definitions of "isolation," "quarantine," "social distancing," and "infection control," background and assumptions, ports of entry strategy, and community mitigation strategy. More information on this symposium can be found here: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=754741]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); South Central Public Health Partnership
Averhoff, Francisco
2007-12-06
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Preparing for Pandemic Influenza: Guidance to Global Planners
This guidance was produced following an initial analysis of the Local Resilience Forum (LRF) pandemic influenza multi-agency plans. The document provides an introduction to multi-agency planning and outlines each of the essential elements of the LRF as well as those areas considered to be the least developed following the initial analysis of plans.
Great Britain. Cabinet Office. Civil Contingencies Secretariat
2007-12-05?
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John E. Lange Remarks at New Delhi International Ministerial Conference on Avian and Pandemic Influenza, December 4, 2007
From the remarks of John E. Lange: "Those of us in this hall have been exchanging views and information on avian and pandemic influenza in recent years along lines which can seem discouragingly static. At the meeting of the International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza in Washington in October 2005, through subsequent major international conferences in Beijing, Vienna, and Bamako, there have been mutual and very justifiable calls for vigilance and speed in preventing and responding to H5N1 outbreaks in poultry, for transparency in dealing with them when they occur, and for perseverance and determination in preparing for a possibly catastrophic human pandemic when a virus mutates to that point. These are familiar themes, which can induce a feeling of deja vu and 'business as usual.' I would submit to you, however, that a case can be made that the dogged repetition of these themes has in fact produced solid results, and that we have moved into a new phase in the long campaign to confront highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in birds, which also has infected more than 300 people in the world, as well as to prepare for the possibility of a human pandemic influenza should this virus mutate. While we have made progress during the years since the virus first appeared, we now need to shift some of our efforts from the 'emergency' phase of identifying and dealing with avian outbreaks to a greater emphasis on long-term capacity-building to improve both animal and human health systems as they relate to the H5N1 avian influenza virus and other emerging and remerging infectious zoonotic diseases."
United States. Department of State
2007-12-04
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Quarantine and Isolation: Selected Legal Issues Relating to Employment [Updated December 3, 2007]
"The emergence and rapid spread of a new avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its potential for causing a human influenza pandemic have given rise to issues relating to the use of quarantine and isolation. Questions relating to employment are among the most significant issues, since, if individuals fear losing their employment or their wages, compliance with public health measures such as isolation or quarantine may suffer. Although the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which allows an employer to terminate an employee from employment for any reason other than those prohibited by statute, is generally applicable, there is an exception to this doctrine for public policy reasons. This report examines the employment-at-will doctrine, possible application of the public policy exception in the case of a potential influenza pandemic, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and possible application of the nondiscrimination mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The report will be updated as developments warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.; Jones, Nancy Lee
2007-12-03
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Pandemic Influenza Impact on Communications Networks Study
"There is widespread concern among policymakers and public health experts about the possibility of a worldwide pandemic outbreak. In preparation for dealing with a pandemic scenario in the United States, several national plans have been released by the Homeland Security Council (HSC), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and other organizations. Many of these national plans identify telecommuting as a key component of the national response to a pandemic influenza. Despite increasing adoption of telecommuting as a normal method of business, the technical feasibility of widespread telecommuting given the existing infrastructure is not well established. In particular, businesses may not be prepared to handle the surge in telecommuting traffic and telecommuters may face congestion when competing for network resources due to an increase in recreational users and children home from school."
United States. Office of Homeland Security
2007-12
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Building the Quarantine System
"Growing concern about the threat of importing infectious diseases through mobile populations, bioterrorism, animals, and cargo has prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to invest in building a Quarantine System that meets the needs of the 21st Century. As was evidenced in the response to SARS in 2003 and in planning for a possible pandemic, CDC's Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ) provides leadership in coordinating a nationwide response to global infectious disease threats that may cross U.S. borders. DGMQ's Quarantine System provides the critical infrastructure necessary to support the all-hazards (any public health threat) preparedness activities going on across the United States and throughout the world."
National Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.). Division of Global Migration and Quarantine
2007-12
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Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection for Pandemic Influenza Exposure Control
This document reviews the environmental cleaning and disinfection procedures for pandemic influenza exposure. This Safe Operating Procedure summarizes current recommendations from public health agencies, available in the public domain. Agencies may modify, recommendations based on specific attributes of a specific pandemic flu virus.
University of Nebraska--Lincoln
2007-12
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Report to Congress: Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Spending [December 2007]
"This report is an update to the previous reports to Congress that were provided in June and December 2006 and in June 2007. This report covers all activities from December 2005 to December 2007. The report covers the pandemic influenza funding provided in both the December 2005 emergency supplemental appropriations bill (PL 109-148) and the June 2006 emergency supplemental appropriations bill (PL 109-234). In August 2005, animal outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5Nl had been reported in twelve countries around the world with 112 total human cases confirmed in four of those countries. Just over two years later in December 2007, the number of countries confirming animal outbreaks has jumped to 61, with 346 total human cases confirmed in fourteen of those countries. While the majority of human cases to date can be attributed to exposure to infected poultry, and sustained human-to-human transmission has not been observed, the human infections have been severe. Overall, 62 percent of human cases have been fatal. History shows that the mortality rate of a human pandemic virus is not likely to be this high. However, even a two percent case-fatality rate, as was seen in the 1918 pandemic, would constitute a public health catastrophe. Once a pandemic begins, time will be a critical factor in our ability to accomplish the necessary production and delivery of vaccines and other medical countermeasures required to mitigate the pandemic."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2007-12
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University of Iowa Pandemic Influenza Tabletop Exercise Scenario: April 2007
This scenario was used by over sixty participants during the tabletop exercise coordinated by the University of Iowa Pan Flu Planning Task Force. The Task Force is chaired by Christopher G. Atchison, Director of the University Hygienic Lab and Associate Dean in the College of Public Health. The tabletop was held in April 2007. This fictional scenario goes through the initial two weeks of an outbreak of pandemic influenza in Iowa City, Iowa.
University of Iowa
2007-11-30?
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Department of the Interior Pandemic Influenza Plan
From the Purpose: "The purpose of the 'DOI [Department of the Interior] Pandemic Influenza Plan' is to address how the Department will: [1] Protect the health and safety of DOI's employees; [2] Maintain the essential functions and services of the Department during events resulting in significant and sustained absenteeism; [3] Support the Federal, State, and local response to a pandemic; [4] Communicate effectively with DOI's stakeholders during a pandemic. While the plan focuses specifically on a pandemic caused by influenza, it is also applicable to pandemics caused by other diseases that have a similar affect on operations. Additionally, the plan integrates planning and preparedness efforts being taken by DOI's Bureaus as well as Offices within the Office of the Secretary."
United States. Department of the Interior
2007-11-30
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Department of Energy's Pandemic Influenza Planning
" Specifically, we found that: Of the 72 organizations required to submit a pandemic plan by a June 1, 2007, deadline set by the DOE Continuity Program Manager, only 36 (or 50 percent) met the requirement. In addition, only one of the four DOE power administrations submitted a plan, which is of particular concern given their role in ensuring the Nation's electricity infrastructure; As of October 11, 2007, at the conclusion of our field work, 53 of 80 organizations (or 66 percent) had submitted their pandemic plans; the Continuity Program Manager explained that the number of organizations required to submit plans had increased since the June 1, 2007, deadline; Coordination with individual State or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services officials for the release of pandemic vaccines and antivirals had not been completed; Of the 11 required Monitoring Team technical advisory positions and 1 Medical Officer position, 4 advisory positions and the Medical Officer position remained unfilled as of October 11, 2007; Although much progress has been made, DOE had not fully implemented an overall corporate process for identifying and reporting employees who would be unable to perform their work during a pandemic; DOE had not conducted a 'social distancing' drill (e.g., use of teleworking, limited use of mass transit, and restrictions on meetings and gatherings) to test its ability to perform mission-essential functions while minimizing person-to-person contact; and, Although DOE had initiated a pandemic influenza education and information campaign, including a voluntary training course, only 550 of approximately 140,000 DOE Federal and contractor employees were trained as of October 11, 2007."
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Inspector General. Office of Inspections and Special Inquiries
2007-12
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Pandemic Influenza: Be Informed. Get Prepared. [presentation]
From the Lessons Learned Information Sharing abstract: "This presentation includes background information on avian flu. It also includes information on how to be better prepared for pandemic influenza."
United States. Department of Energy; United States. Department of Energy. Office of Health, Safety, and Security
Richter, Bonnie S.
2007-11-29?
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Stockpiling Antiviral Drugs for Pandemic Influenza: The Key Ethical Principles
From the Document: "The National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza emphasizes that planning and preparedness are shared responsibilities of all levels of government, businesses, and individuals. This concept of 'shared responsibility' has been proposed for the purchase and stockpiling of antiviral drugs in preparation for pandemic influenza. Antiviral drugs for the treatment of persons who become ill during a pandemic have been purchased and stockpiled by the federal and state governments. A working group that included representatives from government and public health recently recommended that pandemic antiviral drug strategies be expanded to also include prophylaxis (preventive use) for healthcare and emergency service providers and for household contacts of persons who have pandemic illness. Businesses also are encouraged to consider stockpiling antiviral drugs for their critical employees as a component of a comprehensive pandemic plan."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2007-11-28
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East Asia/Pacific: U.S. Government Support to Combat Avian and Pandemic Influenza
This fact sheet outlines U.S. support to East Asia in combating Avian and Pandemic Influenza. The fact sheet includes information on U.S. preparedness and communication assistance, U.S. assistance to East Asian nations in building capacity for surveillance and detection, and U.S. assistance to help East Asian nations respond to H5N1 outbreaks.
United States. Department of State
2007-11-28
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Sub-Saharan Africa: U.S. Government Support to Combat Avian and Pandemic Influenza
This fact sheet outlines U.S. support to Sub-Saharan Africa in combating Avian and Pandemic Influenza. The fact sheet includes information on U.S. preparedness and communication assistance, U.S. assistance to Sub-Saharan African nations in building capacity for surveillance and detection, and U.S. assistance to help Sub-Saharan African nations respond to H5N1 outbreaks.
United States. Department of State
2007-11-28
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Europe and Eurasia: U.S. Government Support to Combat Avian and Pandemic Influenza
This fact sheet outlines U.S. support to Europe/Eurasia in combating Avian and Pandemic Influenza. The fact sheet includes information on U.S. preparedness and communication assistance, U.S. assistance to Europe/Eurasia nations in building capacity for surveillance and detection, and U.S. assistance to help Europe/Eurasia nations respond to H5N1 outbreaks.
United States. Department of State
2007-11-28
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South and Central Asia: U.S. Government Support to Combat Avian and Pandemic Influenza
This fact sheet outlines U.S. support to South and Central Asia in combating Avian and Pandemic Influenza. The fact sheet includes information on U.S. preparedness and communication assistance, U.S. assistance to South and Central Asian nations in building capacity for surveillance and detection, and U.S. assistance to help South and Central Asian nations respond to H5N1 outbreaks.
United States. Department of State
2007-11-28
