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Failing Federation: Why Canada is Ineffective at COVID-19
From the Document: "My goal in this article is to explain how Canada's Constitution has come to help--or hinder--an effective response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The principal purpose is not to advocate for Canadian law reform, which is clearly necessary. Rather the aim is to explain how health law generally, and the legal and political contours of Canadian federalism more specifically, have acted as a brake on the country's response to COVID-19, which, while better than that of the United States, is still so shockingly bad as to deserve no emulation. Both countries have failed at COVID-19 and are examples of how not to prepare for and respond to pandemic emergencies. Indeed, it is difficult to find countries, even much more severely affected ones, whose performance at tamping down the epidemic has been worse."
McGeorge School of Law; Georgetown University. Law Center; Syracuse University. Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism
Attaran, Amir
2020
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Access to Public Records and the Role of the News Media in Providing Information About COVID-19
From the Introduction: "The response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has affected all facets of society in the United States, but especially the ways in which we work. Reporters and members of the news media have been confronted with special legal and practical challenges over the last months, from trying to determine whether they are 'essential' and therefore exempt from mandatory shelter-in-place orders, to covering court proceedings that have moved to phone or video conferencing. Moreover, some of the most crucial tools reporters use to gather information--public records and open meetings laws--have also seen significant and worrying disruptions. These laws, which serve as vital avenues for ensuring the free flow of information about what the government is doing, have suffered greatly during the course of the public health crisis. This article surveys and analyzes the impacts of the pandemic on public access to government records and meetings in the United States. As we show, many government entities have impaired key fixtures of transparency by weakening or suspending public records and open meetings laws, as well as their compliance with them, at a time when doing so stands both to threaten basic institutions of open government and exacerbate the public health crisis. We also focus on the special role of the news media in disseminating information about COVID-19, arguing that this function has important consequences for efforts to curb the spread of the disease, as well as for government accountability."
McGeorge School of Law; Georgetown University. Law Center; Syracuse University. Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism
Marshall, Adam A.; Singh, Gunita
2020
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U.N. Peacekeeping in a Time of Pandemic: Reconciling Armed Conflict Management While Helping to Fight COVID-19
From the Document: "Following China's report regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus in that country at the end of December 2019, the World Health Organization [WHO] declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) at the end of January 2020. On March 11, 2020, after the virus had spread to more than 100 countries, the WHO declared the outbreak a pandemic. [...] In mid-March 2020, the United Nations began issuing guidance to its staff and personnel on how to respond to the pandemic, both at headquarters and in the field. [...] Other guidance addresses such matters as alternative working arrangements, telecommuting, reimbursement of expenses for cancellation/disruption of official travel due to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], danger pay, Medevac in the con- text of COVID-19, the use of face masks, routine pre- and post-deployment quarantine of uniformed personnel, and quarantine of non-sick U.N. personnel. Some are specific to U.N. Police (UNPOL), others to particular U.N. peacekeeping missions. More specifically, with respect to peacekeeping operations, new U.N. policy and guidance address administrative and logistical issues relating to the protection of mission personnel, and offer advice to Member States hosting the missions in meeting the challenges of the pandemic."
McGeorge School of Law; Georgetown University. Law Center; Syracuse University. Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism
Rashkow, Bruce C.
2020
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Falsehoods and the Patois of Pandemics-- A Playbook
From the Document: "Dr. Richard Goodman did more than just help cobble together the lectures of Brachman and others lectures for the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] 'Manual's' first edition. He also felt strongly that there needed to be a chapter on the law. 'We had a public health corps that was using powerful legal authorities but [was] never trained in the law,' Goodman told us. 'We wanted to remedy that.' Goodman actually went to law school part time so he could better understand the legal authorities public health officials could wield. Students of American constitutional law will be quite familiar with the patchwork of authorities cited in the 'Manual'. The government's power to protect public health and safety is shared by federal and state authorities. At the federal level, Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress the power to provide for the 'general Welfare of the United States,' and the Commerce Clause allows for the oversight of health-related activities for public safety. Legislation must fit under the enumerated powers and not run afoul of the Bill of Rights, as understood and interpreted by the Supreme Court. To communicate or enforce its powers, the federal and state governments can use statues, regulations, proclamations, press conferences, and executive orders. Or, what has been the latest form of communications--social media. As has been evident during the current COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the 'police power' of the state, which may be exercisable by a governor, is 'extensive.'"
McGeorge School of Law; Georgetown University. Law Center; Syracuse University. Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism
Temple-Raston, Dina; Rishikof, Harvey
2020
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They Blamed Me Because I Am Asian: Findings from Youth-Reported Incidents of Anti-AAPI Hate
From the Introduction: "In the summer of 2020, under the guidance of San Francisco State Professor Russell Jeung and with the support of the Jeremy Lin Foundation, a group of 87 Asian-American Pacific Islander (AAPI) youth had the opportunity to work together on a participatory research campaign. During the rise of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], we witnessed a pattern of anti-Asian hate--in the news, from friends, and in some cases, through personal experience. We wanted to find out whether there actually was an increase in hate speech and harassment against AAPI folks, and determine if there were any triggers for this increase. The Stop AAPI Hate Youth Campaign brought together 87 AAPI high school interns nationwide, led by 12 team coordinators, in the summer of 2020. The campaign was launched by the Asian Pacific Planning and Policy Council, Chinese for Affirmative Action, and Asian American Studies Department of San Francisco State University in March 2020. Over the summer we, the youth, interviewed 990 AAPI young adults about their experiences and feelings related to racism during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 10 of us have written this report based on our findings."
Chinese for Affirmative Action (Organization); Asian Pacific Policy and Planning Council; San Francisco State University. Asian American Studies Department . . .
2020
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Public's Role in COVID-19 Vaccination: Planning Recommendations Informed by Design Thinking and the Social, Behavioral, and Communication Sciences
From the Executive Summary: "This report considers human factors in relation to future vaccines against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), drawing on insights from design thinking and the social, behavioral, and communication sciences. It provides recommendations--directed to both US policymakers and practitioners, as well as nontraditional partners new to public health's mission of vaccination--on how to advance public understanding of, access to, and acceptance of vaccines that protect against COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]."
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Center for Health Security
Schoch-Spana, Monica; Brunson, Emily K.; Long, Rex . . .
2020
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Resetting Our Response: Changes Needed in the US Approach to COVID-19
From the Introduction: "The impact of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic in the United States has been profound. Despite initial declines in cases in May 2020 following implementation of stringent stay-at-home orders, cases are resurging in most states. The number of deaths has been rising in many states, with hospitalization rates for COVID-19 now again matching or exceeding numbers seen at the peak in New York City in March and April. Hospitals are under pressure or approaching a crisis in many places around the country. This resurgence is stressing many sectors of society, from businesses to education to health care. Unlike many countries in the world, the United States is not currently on course to get control of this epidemic. [...] This brief report describes concrete policy actions at the federal, state, and local levels that are needed to get control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Recommendations identify 'quarterbacks,' or responsible designees, to lead each policy action. However, leaders and stakeholders at all levels (federal, state, and local) will need to contribute commitment, technical expertise, insights, and funding to make the proposed actions possible."
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Center for Health Security
Rivers, Caitlin; Martin, Elena; Watson, Crystal R. . . .
2020
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Quality of Life During COVID-19: Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Direct Support Professionals
From the Abstract: "People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) and the direct support professionals (DSPs) who support them have faced unique risks throughout the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. We used a rapid mixed methods approach to understand how COVID-19 has impacted overall quality of life (QoL) among these populations. We quantitatively assessed changes in QoL among a sample of PWIDD and DSPs (n = 137) using a retrospective pretesting approach. We then conducted a rapid qualitative inquiry study with a sample of survey respondents (n = 12) to gain deeper perspective. Findings suggested that participants experienced significant decreases (p < .001) in all four measured domains of QoL. Participants qualitatively described that decreases in QoL were influenced primarily by reduced socialization and impacts on health and independence; however, participants also described the ways their interactions and mutual support for each other helped to preserve some aspects of QoL. Participants described numerous ways race and racism contributed to their COVID-19 experiences, and offered descriptions of resources they benefited from, and those they lacked, during this time. Study findings have the potential to inform development of policies and best practices that support PWIDD and DSPs during and following similar infectious disease emergencies."
University of Colorado, Boulder. Natural Hazards Center
Thomas, Erin V.; Odunlami, Rachel; Bari, Sombal . . .
2020
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Tolerance for Uncertainty: A COVID-19 Workbook
From the Document: "Like many of you, I am experiencing anxiety related to all the unknowns associated with the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. We like stability, routine, and a sense of control over our environments and experience tremendous stress when there are disruptions in our normal lives. [...] I created this workbook to assist you with managing the strong emotions that will arise during this difficult time through a form of psychological treatment called Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). DBT is an evidence based intervention that helps individuals identify their feelings and learn skills to better manage their emotions. [...] The current pandemic is an opportunity to learn new skills to accept your feelings, tolerate distress, and move forward with grace despite not knowing what lies ahead."
Bay Psychology
Nagasawa, Sachiko
2020
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The Exchange: COVID-19 and Healthcare Professional Stress and Resilience [Issue 12]
From the Foreword: "The phenomenal effort that you and other healthcare emergency readiness and response professionals have made while caring for this nation's communities during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has not gone unnoticed and ASPR [Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response] recognizes the immense sacrifices you and your peers continue to make. We also understand that responding to this long-term incident may affect your mental health, morale, and resilience. In this issue ASPR TRACIE [Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange] strives to collect and share the most valuable, timely, and helpful information for you and your colleagues and offer the following resources to address healthcare worker mental health and resilience: [1] The COVID-19 Behavioral Health Resource Collection includes a section on Self-Care and Resilience Resources for Responders and Healthcare Workers. [2] The Behavioral Health Compendium can help Regional Emergency Coordinators and federal and state planners better understand how programs with behavioral health components (e.g., steady state programs, grants, certain HHS [Health and Human Services] programs, waivers and flexibilities) can support the pandemic response. [3] ASPR TRACIE Mini Modules to Relieve Stress for Healthcare Workers Responding to COVID-19 are designed for healthcare workers in all settings, but primarily hospital-based providers, staff, and leaders dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange
2020
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COVID-19 - A Plague of Racism and Conspiracy Theories
From the Executive Foreword: "COVID [coronavirus disease 2019] completely turned the world upside down and arguably changed how we live our lives forever. Such major cataclysms always provide a fertile ground for hate and conspiracy theories. People, especially when they feel insecure, look for easy answers, people that they can blame, straightforward theories so they can make sense of the world once more. The pandemic has not been different. Multiple communities have been targets of vicious verbal racist attacks, discrimination has become rampant towards certain minorities and a myriad of conspiracy theories blossomed in the wake of the virus. Many of our members diligently documented the instances of hate speech related to the Corona virus and the conspiracy theories it gave birth to. In this report, their findings will be collected, compiled and presented to provide stakeholders and the public with an extensive and overarching view of the situation and shine a light on the hardships, discrimination and intimidation that multiple communities have to face in a time when they are struggling too with a loss of financial and physical security. The aim of this report is not to give a detailed reiteration of our members' findings, but to provide an overview of them, raise awareness and provide another tool to bring this information to the wider audiences that might not have been reached by the original sources."
International Network Against Cyber Hate
Berecz, Tamas
2020
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Overview of the Dynamic Between the Defense Production Act and Small Contractors, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Contracting and Infrastructure of the Committee on Small Business, United States House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 24, 2020
This is the June 24, 2020 hearing "Overview of the Dynamic Between the Defense Production Act and Small Contractors," held before the House Subcommittee on Contracting and Infrastructure of the Committee on Small Business. From the opening statement of Jared Golden: "The Defense Production Act, or DPA, was enacted 70 years ago, after the outbreak of the Korean War, in an effort to spur industrial production to meet wartime needs. At that time, the Nation was ill prepared for another war following World War II. To bolster our country's defense infrastructure, the President requested authorities to mobilize our domestic industry to increase production of military equipment and much needed supplies. Since then, its authorities have been expanded to include a number of purposes, including emergency preparedness and response. [...] [T]oday's hearing will serve as an opportunity to examine the DPA and its main authorities, including those provisions in the law that establish a preference for small firms. Additionally, we hope to discuss potential legislative measures to strengthen the DPA for small businesses. Finally, we wish to hear more about the challenges that small businesses are facing due to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and how leveraging Title III authorities could provide substantial relief." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ian Patterson, David Black, Mary Lockhart, and Traci Tapani.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Living in Boston During COVID-19: Fear and Ambivalence
From the Executive Summary: "In the Summer of 2020, the Boston Area Research Initiative (BARI) at Northeastern University, the Center for Survey Research (CSR) at University of Massachusetts Boston, and the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) conducted a survey that captures the experiences of 1626 Bostonians during the first months of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, including: their ability and tendency to follow social distancing recommendations; attitudes towards regulations; and the economic and personal impacts of the pandemic. The survey provides unique insights into how these factors varied across the populations and neighborhoods of a single city--something not currently available from any other source, in Boston or otherwise. In this second report, we describe what we see as contrasting themes of fear and ambivalence among Bostonians. On the one hand, there appears to be broad consensus that the virus is dangerous, that social distancing guidelines are important, that masks should be worn and high-risk activities avoided, and that asymptomatic spread is a concern. However, there was much deviation from this consensus, and these views varied substantially by neighborhood, race, and income. This variation can help us to understand the vulnerabilities that different communities face as cases surge this winter."
Boston Area Research Initiative; University of Massachusetts at Boston; Boston Public Health Commission
O'Brien, Daniel T.; Schutt, Russell; Hargraves, Lee . . .
2020
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Addressing the Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Views from Two Former CBO Directors, Hearing Before the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 3, 2020
This is the June 3, 2020 hearing on "Addressing the Economic Impacts of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]: Views from Two Former CBO [Congressional Budget Office] Directors," held before the U.S. House Committee on the Budget. From the opening statement of John A. Yarmuth: "Today, the House Budget Committee is joined by two expert witnesses, Dr. Douglas Elmendorf and Dr. Douglas Holtz-Eakin, who have a combined decade of experience leading the Congressional Budget Office. They will help us examine how, on a broader scale, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our economy, and what Congress must do to lessen the fallout." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Douglas W. Elmendorf and Douglas Holtz-Eakin.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV) [Fact Sheet]
From the Document: "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is closely monitoring an outbreak of novel coronavirus that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, and continues to expand. As news spread, military health officials say that an informed, common sense approach minimizes the chances of getting sick. Anyone contracting a respiratory illness shouldn't assume novel coronavirus; it is far more likely to be a more common malady. In fact, influenza is far more commonplace. However, patients who traveled to China in the past 14 days with fever, cough, or difficulty breathing, should seek medical care right away. Because novel coronavirus is new, there is as yet no immunization nor specific treatment. Care providers are instead treating the symptoms--acetaminophen to reduce fever, lozenges and other treatments to soothe sore throats, and, for severe cases, ventilators to help patients breathe."
United States. Department of Defense
2020?
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H.R. 6074, Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020
This document contains "[a]n Act [m]aking emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, and for other purposes."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Long Term Care Facility Component: Tracking Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities
From the Introduction Section: "Nursing homes (NH), skilled nursing facilities (SNF), and assisted living facilities, collectively known as long-term care facilities (LTCFs) provide a variety of services to people who are unable to manage independently in the community. These services may include both medical and personal care. It is estimated that over 3 million Americans receive care in U.S. NHs and SNFs each year and nearly one million persons reside in assisted living facilities."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-01
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Your Recovery is Important: Virtual Recovery Resources
From the Introduction: "In an infectious disease outbreak, when social distancing and self-quarantine are needed to limit and control the spread of the disease, continued social connectedness to maintain recovery are critically important. Virtual resources can and should be used during this time. This tip sheet describes resources that can be used to virtually support recovery from mental/substance use disorders . It also provides resources to help local recovery programs create virtual meetings."
United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
2020?
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ASPR TRACIE Technical Assistance Response Resources Relevant to Infectious Disease Outbreaks and Correctional Facilities
From the Document: "ASPR [Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response] TRACIE [Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange] is highlighting the following resources for healthcare system emergency preparedness planners and correctional facility workers to use while preparing for and responding to infectious disease outbreaks that may occur in prisons or jails. Considerations and lessons learned from these materials are also gathered and provided as points for consideration in this document."
United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange
2020?
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2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
From the Overview: "This webpage provides information for workers and employers about the evolving coronavirus outbreak first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The information includes links to interim guidance and other resources for preventing exposures to, and infections with, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Chinese authorities identified the new coronavirus, which has resulted in confirmed human infections in China and exported cases outside of China, including in the United States, Thailand, Japan, and South Korea. China also has reported spread of the virus from infected patients to healthcare workers. There is no evidence of ongoing transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States at this time. Without sustained human-to-human transmission, most American workers are not at significant risk of infection. However, workers involved in airline operations (including cabin crewmembers), healthcare (including clinical laboratory personnel), and border protection may have exposure to travelers infected with the virus in China or other affected areas. Business travelers from the United States who visit areas abroad where the virus is spreading may also be at some risk of exposure."
United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2020?
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Crisis and Loss of Control: German-Language Digital Extremism in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Overview: "This report analyses the networks and narratives of German-speaking right-wing extremist, left-wing extremist and Islamist extremist actors on mainstream and alternative social media platforms and extremist websites in the context of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Our results show that extremists from Germany, Austria and Switzerland have been able to increase their reach since the introduction of the lockdown measures. However, this growth is not evenly distributed across the different ideologies and platforms. During the crisis, right-wing extremists gained more followers than left-wing extremists and Islamists. The channels of far-right conspiracy theorists grew disproportionately on alternative platforms such as Telegram, especially in the two months immediately following the introduction of the lockdown measures. The report shows that extremists interpret the COVID-19 pandemic along pre-existing ideological lines, and draw upon previous narratives and scapegoats and link these to the current crisis. Right-wing extremists use the crisis to mobilise against minorities and the government, left-wing extremists place the pandemic in an economic and anti-capitalist context, and Islamist extremists interpret the crisis primarily along religious lines."
Institute for Strategic Dialogue
Guhl, Jakob; Gerster, Lea
2020
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Surge Hospitals: Providing Safe Care in Emergencies [2020]
From the Introduction: "This publication provides information to health care planners at the community, state, and federal level about what surge hospitals are, the kind of planning they require, how they can be set up, and who should be responsible for their establishment and operation. The case studies at the end of this paper describe how surge hospitals along the Gulf Coast were established and operated, providing a real-life perspective on the importance of creating safe surge hospitals after disasters strike as well as on the challenges that go along with providing care under these makeshift conditions."
The Joint Commission
Brick, Pam; Carlton, Paul K., Jr.
2020
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IAHSS Security Design Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities (2020): Draft Guidance Document, Alternate Care Sites - Medical Surge Capacity
From the Document: "Alternate care sites (ACS), or other temporary or re-purposed sites established to provide medical surge capacity for the influx of patients, should be designed to facilitate the delivery of care and protect the privacy, dignity and health of patients, while creating a safe and secure environment. The availability of ACS space and the type provided may limit the applicability of the intents below but, in all cases, they should be considered in design and during implementation."
International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS)
2020
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American Resolve: Attitudes, Values and Lives in the Pandemic
From the Document: "The Harris Poll is committed to providing the latest in public opinion polling on the Coronavirus outbreak as a free service to public health officials, media, policymakers, the business community, and the American public. We are in the field conducting bi-tri-weekly overnight polling among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults on a range of different topics as this crisis continues to unfold."
Harris Poll
2020
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Strategic Vision for Biological Threat Reduction: The U.S. Department of Defense and Beyond
From the Webpage Description: "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to articulate a 5-year strategic vision for international health security programs and provide findings and recommendations on how to optimize the impact of the Department of Defense (DOD) Biological Threat Reduction Program (BTRP) in fulfilling its biosafety and biosecurity mission. Because BTRP is just one of several U.S. government programs conducting international health security engagement, both the strategic vision and the success of the program rely on coordinating actions with the U.S. government as a whole and with its international partners. This report provides several recommendations for optimizing BTRP success in its current mission and the wider-looking strategic vision it proposes."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
2020
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Emergency Management Healthcare Environment Checklist
From the Document: "All items initialed (to the left of the item) are fully functional and able to support patient care delivery at this organization. Systems and Processes that are not applicable are marked N/A in the left column. In using this checklist, place initials to the left of the items that are fully functional and able to support patient care delivery at this organization. Mark Systems and Processes that are not applicable as N/A."
The Joint Commission
2020
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Lexipol: Emergency Management Plan Procedure Guidance
From the Document: "The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidance to members in the development of an emergency management plan."
Lexipol
2020
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Personal Protective Equipment Use Procedure
From the Document: "The purpose of this procedure to is provide a respiratory protection plan to protect the safety of members who may be exposed to respiratory hazards in the course of their duty assignments."
Lexipol
2020
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Lexipol: Emergency Management Plan
From the Document: "This policy addresses the preparation, maintenance, and activation of any applicable emergency management plan."
Lexipol
2020
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Public Health Legal Authorities to Collect, Use, Share, and Protect Information [fact sheet]
From the Overview: "Public health agencies need to collect, use, and share information to prevent disease and injury and protect the public against natural, accidental, and intentional health threats. Various federal and state laws may impact public health activities regarding such information. Public health agencies may collect and maintain information that identifies an individual or is sensitive in nature, such as information about communications systems or detailed emergency response plans. In these situations, freedom of information (FOI) laws establish parameters for information that must be shared, upon request, and that which may be exempted from public disclosure. In applying the laws, public health agencies may need to juggle competing interests and balance individual privacy against the need to protect or inform the public. Public health agencies face additional challenges when sharing information with law enforcement, especially when conducting a joint investigation where a public health threat may involve criminal activity."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2020
