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Congress Should Focus on Pandemic Control and Fix the CARES Act for an Economic Rebound
From the Key Takeaways: "[1] Congress must focus on containing the coronavirus through targeted, temporary measures that keep workers attached to employers and avert widespread business failures. [2] Stimulus spending on unrelated projects would do nothing to reduce the virus's spread and will likely impede an economic recovery. [3] While the American people fight the pandemic, Congress should resist further policy mistakes and fix problems introduced in the hastily drafted CARES Act [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act]."
Heritage Foundation (Washington, D.C.)
Boccia, Romina; Burke, Lindsey; Burton, David R. . . .
2020-04-02
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COVID-19: From a Prehospital to a Global Response [video]
From the Webpage: "This presentation focuses on the response experiences of Magen David Adom (MDA) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak, from a prehospital and global perspective. MDA, the Israeli National EMS organization and National Society member of the IFRC, has taken a unique role in the COVID-19 response by testing contacts at home and establishing drive-through testing facilities to ease the burden on health care facilities. MDA also operates a large call center answering more than 30,000 calls daily and oversees more than 1,000 people collecting samples. The operation has increased from 200 samples a day to more than 3,000. This part of the webinar also discusses lessons learned from several response services (including Northern Italy) in the framework of the EU project, NO FEAR. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and its 192 member National Societies (NS) have been scaling up their efforts to prepare for and respond to this global crisis. As auxiliaries to their respective public authorities, Red Cross and Red Crescent National Societies and their more than 13 million volunteers worldwide have a unique role to play. Staff and volunteers are actively involved in a wide spectrum of COVID-19 public health and clinical response activities, from risk communication and community engagement and community-based health and first aid, to quarantine, screening, isolation, to home, prehospital, and hospital care. In this part of the presentation, IFRC discusses the work that they are currently doing to support individuals and communities around the world."
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Archer, Laura
2020-04-02
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Learning from Past Pandemics Covering Ebola [video]
From the Webpage: "The fourth installment in the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma / Columbia Journalism Review's 'Reporting and Covid-19: Conversations for Journalists' webinar series. Guest: Jina Moore, Freelance Writer, Reporter, Producer. Coronavirus is creating unprecedented challenges the globe over, but it's not the first pandemic of this century. How does Covid-19 [coronavirus disease] compare to pandemics like SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] and Ebola?"
Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma
Shapiro, Bruce; Moore, Jina
2020-04-02
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Macroeconomic Implications of COVID-19: Can Negative Supply Shocks Cause Demand Shortages?
From the Document: "We present a theory of 'Keynesian supply shocks': supply shocks that trigger changes in aggregate demand larger than the shocks themselves. We argue that the economic shocks associated to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] epidemic--shutdowns, layoffs, and firm exits--may have this feature. In one-sector economies supply shocks are never Keynesian. We show that this is a general result that extend to economies with incomplete markets and liquidity constrained consumers. In economies with multiple sectors Keynesian supply shocks are possible, under some conditions. A 50% shock that hits all sectors is not the same as a 100% shock that hits half the economy. Incomplete markets make the conditions for Keynesian supply shocks more likely to be met. Firm exit and job destruction can amplify the initial effect, aggravating the recession. We discuss the effects of various policies. Standard fiscal stimulus can be less effective than usual because the fact that some sectors are shut down mutes the Keynesian multiplier feedback. Monetary policy, as long as it is unimpeded by the zero lower bound, can have magnified effects, by preventing firm exits. Turning to optimal policy, closing down contact-intensive sectors and providing full insurance payments to affected workers can achieve the first-best allocation, despite the lower per-dollar potency of fiscal policy."
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Guerrieri, Veronica; Lorenzoni, Guido; Straub, Ludwig . . .
2020-04-02
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FAQs for Event Organizers & Individuals
This document covers information on how to prepare for an outbreak and prevent spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] for event organizers and individuals.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-04-02
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Everyday Precautions: To Keep COVID-19 Out of Your Home
From the Document: "People in EVERY community should take extra precautions to reduce the risk of bringing COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] into their homes. This is especially important for people who are, or live with someone, at increased risk of complications." This document details everyday practices used to limit the spread of COVID-19.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2020-04-02?
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Steps to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 If You Are Sick
From the Document: "If you are sick with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] or think you might have COVID-19, follow the steps below to help protect other people in your home and community."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-04-02
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State Revenue Forecasts Before COVID-19 and Directions Forward
From the Document: "The global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus outbreak will dramatically affect state tax revenues over the next months and possibly years. This brief summarizes how state revenue forecasters viewed their state economies before the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic, as documented in governors' proposed fiscal year 2021 budgets. Although forecasters are now radically revising those projections, knowing the prior trajectories of personal income, corporate income, and sales tax collections is useful for planning purposes. This brief also identifies forecast inputs to watch in the coming months for signs of the magnitude and breadth of state budget turbulence."
Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center
Dadayan, Lucy
2020-04-02
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 20 Issue 14, April 2, 2020
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Rumor control, scams, fake vaccines and coronavirus-related malware"; "Minimizing stress during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis"; "Webinar: Cost Recovery for COVID-19 Actions by Fire & EMS [emergency medical services] Agencies"; and "Cyber Threats."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2020-04-02
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Impact of Rumors or Misinformation on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Social Media
From the Abstract: "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has not only caused significant challenges for health systems all over the globe but also fueled the surge of numerous rumors, hoaxes, and misinformation, regarding the etiology, outcomes, prevention, and cure of the disease. Such spread of misinformation is masking healthy behaviors and promoting erroneous practices that increase the spread of the virus and ultimately result in poor physical and mental health outcomes among individuals. Myriad incidents of mishaps caused by these rumors have been reported globally. To address this issue, the frontline healthcare providers should be equipped with the most recent research findings and accurate information. The mass media, health care organization, community-based organizations, and other important stakeholders should build strategic partnerships and launch common platforms for disseminating authentic public health messages. Also, advanced technologies like natural language processing or data mining approaches should be applied in the detection and removal of online content with no scientific basis from all social media platforms. Furthermore, These practices should be controlled with regulatory and law enforcement measures alongside ensuring telemedicine-based services providing accurate information on COVID-19."
Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
Tasnim, Samia; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Mazumder, Hoimonty
2020-04-02
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COVID-19 Disinformation: Narratives, Trends, and Strategies in Europe
From the Document: "As the virus swept across the world, we decided to zoom into the narratives defining what the WHO [World Health Organization] term as 'the infodemic'. Based on our monitoring of independently fact-checked disinformation from France, Italy, and Spain, we have been able to draw trends from the content, such as the strategies and platforms used to disinform. We have analysed the time period from the end of January to the last week of March and accordingly noticed an evolution in the disinformation."
EU DisinfoLab
2020-04-02
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Sierra Leone COVID-19 Outbreak [presentation]
From the Lessons Learned: "Sierra Leone was hit hard by the Ebola epidemic from 2013 - 2016, counting 3956 deaths, including 90 healthcare workers or 7% of workforce, out of 14,124 cases. [...] Protection and prevention are central. A key lesson learned was the importance of tailored messages and effective communication channels, both in preparedness and during the intervention, to limit virus spread. This is effectively included in the current response plans[.]"
Assessment Capacities Project
2020-04-02
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COVID-19 Explained: Essentially Abandoned: Essential Service Restrictions Go into Effect
From the Document: "Edition 2 of COVID [coronavirus disease]-Explained focuses on Rohingya perception of the recent withdrawal of non-essential humanitarian staff and activities in the camps, enforced to decrease their potential exposure to COVID-19, and their views on what services are essential and non-essential. It also includes information on major events reported by Rohingya about last week, what Rohingya want us to know, and what questions they have for humanitarians."
International Organization for Migration; Assessment Capacities Project
Coyle, Daniel, 1986-; Holt, Candice
2020-04-02
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Delegation of Authority for Passenger. Cargo, and Patient Movement During the COVID-1 9 Public Health Emergency
From the Document: "The continuing spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID- 19) has caused significant disruption to commercial air transportation for both passenger and cargo movement. As a result, the Department of Defense (DoD) has experienced a significant increase in the number and scale of requests for airlift of patients, travelers and cargo from across the Federal Government and non-U.S. Government (USG) organizations. Support to other agencies and non-USG organizations is subject to approved requirements under 31 U.S.C. § 1535 (the Economy Act)."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Secretary of Defense
2020-04-02
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Leverage and Margin Spirals in Fixed Income Markets During the Covid-19 Crisis
From the Key Takeaways: "[1] For a two-week period in mid-March 2020, government bond markets experienced uncharacteristic turbulence, sometimes selling off sharply in risk-off episodes when they would normally attract safe haven flows. [2] Evidence in the US Treasury market points to forced selling of treasury securities by investors who had attempted to exploit small yield differences through the use of leverage. [3] Even though government bonds are safe assets, large holdings by leveraged investors may detract from orderly market functioning and may necessitate interventions by the central bank."
Bank for International Settlements
Schrimpf, Andreas; Shin, Hyun Song; Sushko, Vladyslav
2020-04-02
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Guidance on Activating the National Guard. Reserve. And Individual Ready Reserve for Coronavirus Disease Response
From the Document: "On March 27, 2020. the President authorized the use of section 12302 of title 10, United States Code. Partial Mobilization authority. to activate units and individual Service members in the Selected Reserve and certain members of the Individual Ready Reserve to active duty to augment forces for the effective response to the coronavirus outbreak. This authority, in addition to other authorities currently available to the Department, enables the Deportment to support the whole-of-government approach to the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). [...] Activation decisions must advance all three of the priorities I have set for the DoD for the COVID-19 response: I) Protecting our troops. DoD civilians, and their families: 2) safeguarding our national security capabilities: and 3) supporting President Trump's whole-of-nation response. We must ensure activations advance our national security. without increasing the risk to the health of the DoD community, or inadvertently diminishing the national coronavirus response."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Secretary of Defense
2020-04-02
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report - 73
From the Highlights: "[1] No new countries/territories/areas reported cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in the past 24 hours. [2] WHO [World Health Organization] has released a Medical Product Alert that warns consumers, healthcare professionals, and health authorities against a growing number of falsified medical products that claim to prevent, detect, treat or cure COVID-19. [...3] WHO is working with Iraq to increase surveillance and response capacities. WHO has printed hundreds of thousands of prevention and transmission control messages, taken mobile health teams to the streets, and delivered urgent consignments of personal protective equipment (PPE) and laboratory test kits. [...4] WHO has been working with governments and partners around the world, across many areas of activity: conducting needs assessments, providing hand sanitizers and masks for health professionals, providing training on the clinical management of patients with COVID-19, collaborating with local media outlets and conducting awareness raising activities, delivering test kits, conducting simulation exercises, and shipping personal protective equipment through WHO logistical hubs. [...5] Our understanding of the transmission of COVID-19 virus continues to improve with the evolution of the outbreak."
World Health Organization
2020-04-02
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Leading in a Crisis: Organisational Resilience in Mega-Crises
From the Webpage: "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a mega-crisis, and will rapidly overwhelm organisations and cause disruption for extended periods of time, similar to the Japanese tsunami in 2011 or the USA's Hurricane Katrina in 2006, except on a global scale. During a major disruptive event like this, it is important to prevent partial or complete breakdowns of the people, organisations and networks involved in response and recovery efforts. Extraordinary demands are placed on these organisations when a mega-crisis hits. These demands are difficult enough to manage in 'sudden impact' crises of short duration ('sprints'). They are even more challenging with regard to cascading, long-duration crises with multiple peaks ('marathons'). The response to COVID-19 requires organisations to perform intense sprints while running a marathon. Effective mega-crisis responses require more than just the capacity to respond reliably to peak pressures and messy circumstances. What organisations need to develop is the capacity to sustain this reliability over a long period of time, even when key staff and resources are impacted."
Australia and New Zealand School of Government
Stern, Eric; Boin, Arjen; Bynander, Fredrik . . .
2020-04-02
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Whole-Of-America Response (April 2. 2020)
From the Topline Briefing Points and Messages: "[1] Under the direction of the White House Coronavirus Task Force, FEMA, HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] and our federal partners are working with state, local, tribal and territorial governments to execute a whole of America response to fight the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and protect the public. [2] The health and safety of the American people is our top priority."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-04-02
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Daily Briefing Points (April 2, 2020)
From the Document: "Attached you will find today's FEMA Daily Briefing Points for the Whole-of-America response to coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. These briefing points include Topline Messages, as well as information associated with FEMA and Department of Health and Human Services Response; FEMA Disaster Response Capacity; Federal Funding of National Guard (Title 32); Community-Based Testing Sites; Strategic National Stockpile; FDA Ventilator Guidance, CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] Respirator Guidance; Defense Production Act; Guidance from Federal Agencies; CDC Public Guidance; Coping With Stress; Combating Disinformation and Rumors; and How To Help."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-04-02
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Budget: Fact Sheet [Updated April 2, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the safety of foods (including dietary supplements), cosmetics, and radiation-emitting products; the safety and effectiveness of drugs, biologics (e.g., vaccines), and medical devices; and public health aspects of tobacco products. [...] FDA's 'total program level,' the amount that FDA can spend, is composed of discretionary appropriations from two different sources: annual appropriations (i.e., discretionary budget authority, or BA) and user fees paid by the regulated industry (e.g., drug manufacturers). In FDA's annual appropriation, Congress sets both the total amount of appropriated funds and the amount of user fees that the agency is authorized to collect and obligate for that fiscal year. [...] The Administration's FY2021 budget request for a 'total program level' of $6.044 billion would be an increase of $123 million (+2%) over the FY2020-enacted amount ($5.921 billion). This report will be updated with information on FDA funding for FY2021 once legislative action on appropriations for the new fiscal year is completed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dabrowska, Agata; Green, Victoria R.
2020-04-02
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Personal Protective Equipment and Ventilators for COVID-19: FDA Regulation and Related Activities [April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the medical product supply chain both globally and domestically. Perhaps most salient has been the impact of COVID-19 on the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gowns and masks, for health care personnel, and respiratory devices, including ventilators, for patients. In the United States, respiratory devices and PPE used in the health care setting meet the definition of a medical device under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) and are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). This In Focus provides an overview of how these devices are regulated and summarizes the FDA response to mitigate reported PPE and ventilator shortages related to COVID-19."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dabrowska, Agata; Green, Victoria R.
2020-04-02
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COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Summary of the 2020 Recovery Rebates/Economic Impact Payments in the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) [Updated April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136), which was signed into law by President Trump on March 27, 2020, includes direct payments to individuals--referred to as '2020 recovery rebates' in the law. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) refers to the payments issued this year--2020--as economic impact payments. This Insight provides a brief overview of these direct payments. (These payments are virtually identical to those included in bill text circulated on March 22, 2020.) The 2020 recovery rebates equal $1,200 per person ($2,400 for married taxpayers filing a joint tax return) and $500 per child. These amounts phase down for higher-income taxpayers. These payments are structured as tax credits automatically advanced to households in 2020 'if they filed a 2019 income tax return' and will be received as a direct deposit or check by mail. If a 2019 return has not been filed, rebates will be advanced automatically based on 2018 return information."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.
2020-04-02
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COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Will Social Security and Supplemental Security Income Beneficiaries Receive the Recovery Rebate in the CARES Act? [Updated April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) provides emergency relief measures in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Section 2201 of the CARES Act provides recovery rebates, also known as Economic Impact Payments, for most individuals, structured as automatically advanced tax credits to be disbursed by the Treasury Department. This Insight addresses the recovery rebates from the perspective of Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) beneficiaries."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morton, William R.; Davies, Paul S., 1970-
2020-04-02
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2020 Census Fieldwork Delayed by COVID-19 [April 2, 2020]
From the Introduction: "In a March 18, 2020, press release (CB20-RTQ.08), U.S. Census Bureau Director Steven Dillingham announced that the bureau was suspending all 2020 census field operations until April 1 (but see the more detailed schedule, issued on March 21, below). This action, a response to the novel coronavirus disease first observed in 2019 (COVID-19) and designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, came at a critical time for the census. Although April 1 is the official Census Day, early data collection began in remote Toksook Bay, Alaska, on January 21. Other tightly timed field operations were underway or imminent, including the bureau's personal outreach to hard-to-count areas and groups. In-person visits to nonresponding households, originally set for mid-May, have been delayed by two weeks. Dr. Dillingham stated on March 18 that if 'additional adjustments' became necessary, the bureau would communicate them 'broadly and promptly.' The latest press release on the topic, dated March 28 (CB20-RTQ.14), announced an extended suspension of field operations, until April 15. The release did not present another revised schedule for the individual operations, but noted that the bureau 'continues to evaluate' them and 'will communicate any further updates as soon as possible.' This In Focus notes the various components of the bureau's 2020 census fieldwork, with their original and, as of March 21, adjusted schedules. Whether the bureau will have to make further adjustments in the timing of all, or some, components is uncertain. The In Focus will be updated to reflect any new delays or developments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Williams, Jennifer D.
2020-04-02
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CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) Section 4008: FDIC Bank Debt Guarantee Authority [April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "Section 4008 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES; P.L. 116-136) authorizes the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to guarantee certain deposits that are not eligible for regular FDIC deposit insurance due to the existing $250,000 per account insurance limit. This broadens FDIC authority from Section 1105 of P.L. 111-203 (Dodd-Frank Act) to establish a program that would guarantee bank debt in the event of a financial liquidity crisis. Section 4008 also preemptively grants the requisite congressional approval for any such program needed to respond to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak, provided the FDIC guarantee terminates no later than December 31, 2020. This Insight provides an overview of FDIC guarantees and Section 4008."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Perkins, David W.
2020-04-02
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Federal Prisoners and COVID-19: Background and Authorities to Grant Release [Updated April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "On March 18, 2020, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sent a letter to Attorney General William Barr and Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Director Michael Carvajal asking them to release federal prisoners who might be at risk of serious illness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and to reduce the intake of new prisoners to reduce overcrowding. The ACLU called on BOP to utilize authorities granted to it, such as compassionate release and home confinement for elderly offenders, to reduce the number of at-risk prisoners in the federal prison system. The ACLU also asked the Department of Justice (DOJ) to direct the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) to release from custody any individuals who are at risk of serious illness related to COVID-19, such as those who are elderly and/or have chronic health conditions. Multiple Members of Congress have additionally urged DOJ and its BOP to take steps 'to reduce the incarcerated population and guard against potential exposure to coronavirus,' and legislation has been introduced that would require the release of some prisoners during a national emergency relating to a communicable disease."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
James, Nathan; Foster, Michael A. (Legislative attorney)
2020-04-02
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Families First Coronavirus Response Act Leave Provisions [April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "This In Focus examines the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA; P.L. 116-127) leave provisions, as amended by the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and. Economic Security] Act (P.L. 116-136), and regulations published by the Department of Labor (DOL) on April 1, 2020. The FFCRA created two new and temporary leave benefits for eligible employees: (1) emergency Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) leave to care for the employee's minor child whose school or place of care is closed, or whose care provider is unavailable due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency (such leave is paid leave after an initial 10 days of unpaid leave), and (2) paid sick leave for certain COVID-19 related needs. The FFCRA included tax credit provisions to help employers (including the self-employed) cover costs related to paid leave. Both paid leave benefits took effect on April 1, 2020, and apply to leave between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Donovan, Sarah A.; Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2020-04-02
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COVID-19: Restrictions on Travelers at U.S. Land Borders [April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "New actions by the federal government in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic restrict the entry of certain foreign nationals into the United States. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), have recently issued orders regarding travelers arriving at land ports of entry (POEs) at both the northern and southern borders of the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Singer, Audrey
2020-04-02
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COVID-19: Defense Support of Civil Authorities [April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. military has a long history of providing support to civil authorities, particularly in response to disasters or emergencies (examples include responding to yellow fever epidemics in 1873 and 1878). The Department of Defense (DOD) defines defense support of civil authorities as 'Support provided by U.S. Federal military forces, DOD civilians, DOD contract personnel, DOD Component assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Governors of the affected States, elects and requests to use those forces in Title 32, U.S.C., status) in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for special events.' (DOD Directive 3025.18, 18.) Defense support of civil authorities for major incidents is typically carried out in accordance with the National Response Framework (NRF), which is 'a guide to how the Nation responds to all types of disasters and emergencies.' (NRF, p. 2) Among other things, it establishes broad lines of authority for federal government agencies to prepare for and respond to any terrorist attack, major disaster, or other emergency."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kapp, Lawrence; Ott, Alan
2020-04-02
