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COVID-19: China Medical Supply Chains and Broader Trade Issues [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), first in China, and then globally, including in the United States, is drawing attention to the ways in which the U.S. economy depends on manufacturing and supply chains based in China. This report aims to assess current developments and identify immediate and longer range China trade issues for Congress. An area of particular concern to Congress is U.S. shortages in medical supplies-- including personal protective equipment (PPE) and pharmaceuticals--as the United States steps up efforts to contain COVID-19 with limited domestic stockpiles and insufficient U.S. industrial capacity. Because of China's role as a global supplier of PPE, medical devices, antibiotics, and active pharmaceutical ingredients, reduced exports from China have led to shortages of critical medical supplies in the United States. Exacerbating the situation, in early February 2020, the Chinese government nationalized control of the production and distribution of medical supplies in China--directing all production for domestic use--and directed the bureaucracy and Chinese industry to secure supplies from the global market. Once past the initial peak of its COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government appears to have prioritized certain countries and selectively released some medical supplies for overseas delivery."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sutter, Karen M.; Schwarzenberg, Andres B.; Sutherland, Michael D.
2020-10-08
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Gender and the COVID-19 Labor Market Downturn
From the Abstract: "Has the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic disproportionately affected women relative to men possibly reversing some of the gains made in the labor market? We explore this question using CPS [Current Population Survey] data covering the first several months of the pandemic. We find that the employment-to-population ratio for prime-age women with school-aged children declined substantially relative to comparable men beginning in April 2020 and continuing through subsequent months of the pandemic. The reductions among women with school-age children relative to similar men range from 3.7 to 4.8 percentage points from April to August 2020. Triple difference estimates suggest that 64 to 89 percent of this difference can be attributed to decreased work activity due to their children. With respect to hours of work, women with school-age children suffered major losses relative to men (13-33 percent). Based on triple difference estimates that control for different caregiving responsibilities, 50 to 97 percent of the reduction of hours of work for women with school-age children can be attributed to additional child care responsibilities. In contrast, we find using nonlinear decomposition techniques that women had favorable job and skill characteristics, specifically a greater likelihood to telework, higher education levels and a less-impacted occupational distribution, which all contributed to lessening the negative impacts of COVID-19 for women relative to men. We find some evidence, however, that women were more likely to work in 'non-essential' industries contributing to higher relative unemployment in the pandemic."
Stanford University. Institute for Economic Policy Research
Couch, Kenneth A. (Kenneth Alan); Fairlie, Robert W.; Xu, Huanan
2020-10-07
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 [Updated October 7, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean, a region with strong congressional interest because of deep U.S. linkages."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.; Beittel, June S.; Meyer, Peter J. . . .
2020-10-07
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IRS Guidance Says No Deduction is Allowed for Business Expenses Paid with Forgiven PPP Loans [Updated October 7, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans that can be used to cover payroll expenses and certain operating costs and can be forgiven if the borrower meets certain criteria. On April 30, 2020, IRS [Internal Revenue Service] issued Notice 2020-32, stating that PPP-recipients cannot claim a deduction for expenses funded from the forgiven PPP loans."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lowry, Sean; Gravelle, Jane
2020-10-07
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Infection Prevention and Control and Preparedness for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings: Fifth Update
From the Key Messages: "Healthcare facilities, including long-term care facilities (LTCFs), should apply several types of measures to minimise the risk of transmission of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The mainstays of infection prevention and control (IPC) in all healthcare facilities are administrative measures, physical distancing, hand hygiene and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Administrative measures decrease the opportunities for transmission within healthcare facilities and diminish the risk of outbreaks. In areas with community transmission of COVID-19, staff, visitors and patients should apply physical distancing, hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene, and wear face masks when physical distancing is not possible. Healthcare facilities should ensure that PPE is available and appropriately used to safeguard those providing patient and resident care. [...] Due to the large impact of COVID-19 in LTCFs, it is essential that national measures are prioritised in these facilities to shield residents and prevent outbreaks."
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-10-06
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Trends in COVID-19 Incidence After Implementation of Mitigation Measures -- Arizona, January 22-August 7, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Trends in COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Incidence After Implementation of Mitigation Measures - Arizona, January 22-August 7, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-06
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Federal Oil and Gas Revenue: Actions Needed to Improve BLM's Royalty Relief Policy, Statement of Frank Rusco, Director, Natural Resources and Environment, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "BLM [Bureau of Land Management] manages the federal government's onshore oil and gas program with the goals of facilitating safe and responsible energy development while providing a fair return for the American taxpayer. In April 2020, oil and gas producers faced financial challenges from a drop in demand for oil during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. If oil and gas prices decline, it places financial stress on oil and gas companies, thereby increasing bankruptcies and the risk of wells being shut down. BLM developed a temporary policy to provide oil and gas companies relief from royalties that they owe to the federal government when they sell oil and gas produced on federal lands. This testimony discusses (1) BLM's development of the temporary policy for royalty relief and what is known about the policy's effects, and (2) BLM's implementation of this policy across relevant states. To do this work, GAO reviewed BLM documents; analyzed royalty data; and interviewed BLM officials from headquarters and the five BLM state offices with jurisdiction over states that account for 94 percent of royalties from oil and gas production on federal lands."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-10-06
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COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated October 6, 2020]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs; management and technical assistance training programs; and contracting programs. Congressional interest in these programs has always been high, primarily because small businesses are viewed as a means to stimulate economic activity and create jobs, but it has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the national economy. This report provides a brief description of the SBA's programs and examines congressional action to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007- 2009) and during the COVID-19 pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Lowry, Sean
2020-10-06
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Delivery of Economic Impact Payments (EIPs) [Updated October 6, 2020]
From the Document: "To mitigate the financial hardship many Americans are experiencing during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136). A critical element of the aid package is direct payments to certain individuals in 2020. The payments are referred to as 'recovery rebates' in Section 2201 of the act, but the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) refers to them as 'economic impact payments' (EIPs) in the information about the payments it sends to the general public. [...] This Insight summarizes the delivery of EIPs so far and identifies issues that have delayed the delivery of payments to certain low-income individuals."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Guenther, Gary L.
2020-10-06
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Tax Treatment of Net Operating Losses (NOLs) in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act [Updated October 6, 2020]
From the Document: "Increased benefits from net operating losses (NOLs) had been discussed as part of the response to the economic effects of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) included a provision increasing tax benefits for NOLs. This revision temporarily suspends current rules that were last revised in the 2017 tax revision, popularly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA; P.L. 115-97)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gravelle, Jane
2020-10-06
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Interim Final Rule (IFC), CMS-3401-IFC; Requirements and Enforcement Process for Reporting of COVID-19 Data Elements for Hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals
From the Memorandum Summary: "[1] CMS [Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services] is committed to taking continuing to take critical steps to ensure America's healthcare facilities are prepared to respond to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency (PHE). [2] On September 2, 2020, an interim final rule with comment period (IFC) went on display in the Federal Register. [3] CMS has released new regulatory requirements for all hospitals and critical access hospitals hospital (CAHs) at §42 CFR 482.42(e) and 485.640(d), respectively to report information in accordance with a frequency and in a standardized format as specified by the Secretary during the PHE for COVID-19. [4] Failure to report the specified data needed to support broader surveillance of COVID-19 may lead to the imposition of the remedy to terminate a provider's participation from the Medicare and Medicaid programs."
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.)
2020-10-06
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Long Covid: Reviewing the Science and Assessing the Risk
From the Overview: "There is still much we don't know about the risk of Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. We know people who are poor, elderly or have underlying conditions have higher risks of death. Public understanding of the risks, combined with the style and content of the messaging and the perceived trustworthiness of the source of the information, will all improve the level of compliance with measures such as mask-wearing and social distancing. [...] In this paper, we combine data from the Covid Symptom Study with emerging evidence from the broader scientific community to understand what we do and - as importantly - don't know about those suffering with long-term symptoms of Covid-19. The Covid Symptom Study is unique as it has one of the largest sample sizes of Covid-19 studies with more than 4 million participants, but it is important to note that the data is collected and analysed based on self-reported symptoms recorded through an app. New findings from the study, which will be published in full by King's College later this month, indicate that around 10 per cent of those taking part in the survey had symptoms of long Covid for a month, with between 1.5 and 2 per cent still experiencing them after three months."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Sleat, Daniel; Wain, Ryan; Miller, Brianna
2020-10-05
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MMWR Early Release: Adolescent with COVID-19 as the Source of an Outbreak at a 3-Week Family Gathering -- Four States, June-July 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Adolescent with COVID-19 as the Source of an Outbreak at a 3-Week Family Gathering - Four States, June-July 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-05
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By the Numbers: Coronavirus Pandemic Whole-Of-America Response (October 5, 2020)
From the "FEMA and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have coordinated the transition of the Supply Chain Advisory Group, formerly the Supply Chain Task Force, to HHS. This mission transition occurred on Sept. 1, 2020 and allows FEMA to focus on responding to other disasters while continuing its Whole-of-American response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. HHS will effectively maintain the future Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) demand and modeling with this advisory group to include medical supply matters, resource requirements, program oversight and the strategic purpose of SNS. FEMA, HHS and their federal partners will continue to collaborate in response to queries in support of the American people."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-10-05
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FEMA Advisory Coronavirus Pandemic Whole-Of-America Response 'By the Numbers' Update (October 5, 2020)
From the Document: "Attached is the weekly 'By the Numbers' updates for the Whole-of-America coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic response underway. This 'By the Numbers' update relates to the Supply Chain Advisory Group; Medical Supplies and Equipment; Testing; Federal Funding; and Additional Federal Support as well as the latest Lost Wages Assistance Totals."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-10-05
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Small Businesses and COVID-19: Relief and Assistance Resources [Updated October 5, 2020]
From the Document: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected websites and CRS products potentially relevant to small businesses that are directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and seeking economic relief and assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kreiser, Maria
2020-10-05
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Potential FEMA Emergency Sheltering Options During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated October 5, 2020]
From the Document: "Some hazards (e.g., hurricanes, wildfires) may result in evacuations and displacement of survivors. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), state, local, tribal, and territorial governments (SLTTs) are responsible for coordinating emergency sheltering after a declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.). However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and FEMA acknowledge that the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may complicate efforts to provide emergency sheltering. This Insight discusses emergency sheltering models used by FEMA, COVID-19-related emergency sheltering policies, and challenges faced by SLTTs supporting emergency sheltering during the COVID-19 pandemic, and policy considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.; Lee, Erica A.
2020-10-05
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Seasun Biomaterials Inc, AQ-TOP COVID-19 Rapid Detection Kit PLUS
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the AQ-TOP COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Rapid Detection Kit PLUS. The AQ-TOP COVID-19 Rapid Detection Kit PLUS is authorized for use with respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-05
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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Weekly Epidemiological Update [4 October 2020]
From the Document: "The number of new cases per week has remained stable at 2 million for the past three weeks, [...] with the cumulative total of over 34.8 million cases. Over 1 million deaths have now been reported globally, of which the majority were reported in the Region of the Americas (55%), followed by Europe (23%). In the past week, the regions of the Americas, South-East Asia, and Europe account for 91% of new cases. Five countries (namely India, the United States of America, Brazil, Argentina and France) reported 60% of new global cases this past week, while Israel registered the highest incidence (3717 new cases per 1 million population). Globally, the highest percentage of cases have been reported in the 25-39 age group, with approximately 50% of cases in the 25-64 age group. However, the percentage of deaths increases with age, and approximately 75% of deaths are in those aged 65 years and above."
World Health Organization
2020-10-04
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Executive Order 13954: Saving Lives Through Increased Support for Mental- and Behavioral-Health Needs
From Section 1: "My Administration is committed to preventing the tragedy of suicide, ending the opioid crisis, and improving mental and behavioral health. Before the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, these urgent issues were prioritized through significant initiatives, including the President's Roadmap to Empower Veterans and End a National Tragedy of Suicide (PREVENTS), expanded access to medication-assisted treatment and life-saving naloxone, and budget requests for significant investments in the funding of evidence-based treatment for mental- and behavioral-health needs."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2020-10-03
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COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S. COVID-19 Activity, Week 40, [October 3, 2020]
From the Document: "Nationally, indicators that track COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] activity continued to decline or remain stable (change of ≤0.1%). However, one region reported a slight increase in the percentage of specimens testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] and four regions reported slight increases in the percentage of visits for influenza-like illness (ILI). Mortality attributed to COVID-19 declined but remains above the epidemic threshold."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-03
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 2, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Infant Homicides Within the Context of Safe Haven Laws -- United States, 2008-2017"; "Influenza and Tdap Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women -- United States, April 2020"; "CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] Deployments to State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Emergency Public Health Response -- United States, January 21-July 25, 2020"; "Changing Age Distribution of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- United States, May-August 2020"; "COVID-19 Trends Among School-Aged Children -- United States, March 1-September 19, 2020"; "Multiple COVID-19 Clusters on a University Campus -- North Carolina, August 2020"; "Recent Increase in COVID-19 Cases Reported Among Adults Aged 18-22 Years -- United States, May 31-September 5, 2020"; "'Notes from the Field': Botulism Type B After Intravenous Methamphetamine Use -- New Jersey, 2020"; "Correction and Republication: Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost From Excessive Alcohol Use -- United States, 2011-2015"; and "'QuickStats:' Age-Adjusted Pedestrian Death Rates, by Race/Ethnicity -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2009 and 2018." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-02
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Communicable Disease Threats Report: Week 40, 27 September-3 October 2020
The Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin that provides updates on threats monitored by European Union and European Economic Area (ECDC). The Week 40 report covering September 27-October 3, 2020 assesses current threats and non-threats and provides an epidemiological overview of each in individualized reports. Threats covered in this issue include COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), West Nile virus, Influenza, Ebola, and Cholera.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-10-02
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Weekly Operational Update on COVID-19 [2 October 2020]
From the Key Figures: "[1] WHO [World Health Organization]-led UN Crisis-Management Team coordinating 23 UN entities across nine areas of work; [2] 17 002 085 respirators shipped to 173 countries across all six WHO regions; [3] 174 763 043 medical masks shipped to 173 countries across all six WHO regions; [4] 7 699 579 face shields shipped to 173 countries across all six WHO regions; [5] 6 600 379 gowns shipped to 173 countries across all six WHO regions; [6] 13 743 900 gloves shipped to 173 countries across all six WHO regions; [7] 1 122 258 goggles shipped to 173 countries across all six WHO regions; [8] More than 4.4 million people registered on OpenWHO and able to access 131 COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] online training courses across 17 topics in 41 languages."
World Health Organization
2020-10-02
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Pandemic Backsliding: Democracy and Disinformation Seven Months into the Covid-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "[1] The V-Dem [Varieties of Democracy] Institute has released an update tracking the effects of Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] related measures on democratic standards in 144 countries since March 2020. [2] The time trend is somewhat encouraging: The situation has improved over the last three months for almost a quarter of the countries that engaged in some violations of democratic standards at the beginning of the pandemic. [3] Nevertheless, in the third quarter of 2020, some or major violations of democratic standards persist in 65 countries, most of which were already autocratic before the pandemic. [4] The Pandemic Backsliding Index identifies the risk that a government is using the pandemic to erode already weak democratic institutions. Nine countries exhibit particularly worrying trends, with the potential for pandemic backsliding. [5] Official government disinformation on Covid-19 has been reported in 25 countries, with four governments denying ongoing outbreaks of Covid-19 altogether."
University of Gothenburg. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Institute
Kolvani, Palina; Lundstedt, Martin; Maerz, Seraphine F. . . .
2020-10-02
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By the Numbers: Lost Wages Assistance Totals [October 2, 2020]
From the Document: "On August 8, 2020, President Trump made available up to $44 billion from FEMA's Disaster Relief Fund to provide financial assistance to Americans who have lost wages due to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic." This document contains a break down of funds awarded by state.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-10-02
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MMWR Early Release: Case Series of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection -- United Kingdom and United States, March-August 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "MMWR Early Release: Case Series of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Associated with SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Infection -- United Kingdom and United States, March-August 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-02
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FEMA Advisory: By the Numbers: Coronavirus Pandemic Whole-Of-America Response (October 2, 2020)
From the Document: "[1] As of Sept. 27, FEMA, HHS [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services] and the private sector coordinated delivery of or are currently shipping: 249 million N95 masks, 1.1 billion surgical and procedural masks, 46.7 million eye and face shields, 432 million gowns and coveralls and over 28.6 billion gloves. [2] As of Aug. 7, FEMA delivered 30,458 medical supplies to nursing homes to 52 states and territories. One hundred percent of scheduled shipments have been made."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-10-02
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FEMA Advisory: Coronavirus Pandemic Whole-Of-America Response 'By the Numbers' Update (October 2, 2020)
From the Document: "[This] is the third of three 'By the Numbers' updates, this week, for the Whole-of-America coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic response underway. This 'By the Numbers' update relates to Medical Supplies and Equipment; Testing; Federal Funding; and Additional Federal Support as well as the latest Lost Wages Assistance Totals."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-10-02
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: DetectaChem Inc, MobileDetect Bio BCC19 Test Kit
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the MobileDetect Bio BCC19 Test Kit. The MobileDetect Bio BCC19 Test Kit is authorized for use with certain respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] by their healthcare provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-02
