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Migration and Border Health Considerations for Health Screening for COVID-19 at Points of Entry
From the Introduction: "This document is meant to assist Ministries of Health and their point-of-entry (POE) partners in determining whether and how to conduct traveler screening at POE for coronavirus (COVID- 19). The objective of screening is to reduce the international spread of communicable disease by detecting departing travelers who are sick or who have been exposed to the disease and preventing them from leaving the country they are in (exit screening) or by detecting them upon arrival and directing them to appropriate care and follow up, as needed (entry screening). Public health screening occurs in two stages: (1) Primary screening, which includes observing travelers for obvious signs of illness, measuring temperature, and collecting information on travel and exposure history; and (2) secondary screening, which includes having a healthcare or public health professional (whenever possible) conduct an additional public health assessment of ill or potentially exposed travelers identified through the primary screening process. In addition to detecting ill travelers, public health screening at POE provides an excellent opportunity for countries to educate travelers about the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, how to protect themselves and their families from infection, and what to do if they become ill."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-23
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Approach for Monitoring and Evaluating Community Mitigation Strategies for COVID-19
From the Overview: "'An Approach for Monitoring and Evaluating Community Mitigation Strategies for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]' describes CDC's [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] approach to evaluating community mitigation strategies and provides overarching considerations to support state, territorial, or local health departments, tribal health organizations, or others in monitoring and evaluating COVID-19 community mitigation strategies, including a logic model, suggested monitoring and evaluation questions, and potential data sources. The approach considers outcomes that minimize COVID-19 morbidity and associated mortality, effects of community mitigation strategies on long-standing health disparities and social determinants of health, and how communities thrive socially, emotionally, and economically."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-20
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Investigating a COVID-19 Case
From the Document: "Comprehensive information on a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is the foundation of case investigation and contact tracing. This information includes the socio-demographic information, date of symptom onset or date of specimen collection for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) testing, source of illness, list of close contacts and their locating information, duration of exposure, activity history during the contact elicitation window (when the patient was infectious and not under isolation), and exposure locations (including events/gatherings with unknown contacts)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-20
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COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S. COVID-19 Activity, Week 25 [June 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Nationally, levels of influenza-like illness (ILI) and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-like illness (CLI) remain lower than peaks seen in March and April but are increasing in several regions. The percentage of specimens testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, also increased from last week. Mortality attributed to COVID-19 decreased compared to last week but remains elevated above baseline and may increase as additional death certificates are processed."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-20
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Suggestions for Youth and Summer Camps
From the Webpage: "As some communities in the United States begin to convene youth camps, CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] offers the following suggestions for ways in which camp administrators can help protect campers, staff, and communities, and prevent the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Camp administrators can determine, in collaboration with state and local health officials, whether and how to implement these considerations, making adjustments to meet the unique needs and circumstances of the local community. Implementation should be guided by what is feasible, practical, acceptable, and tailored to the needs of each community. These suggestions are meant to supplement--not replace--any state, local, territorial, or tribal health and safety laws, rules, and regulations with which camps must comply."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-19
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Guidance for Handlers of Service and Therapy Animals
From the Document: "Service animals are defined as dogs that are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for people with disabilities. A therapy animal is used in a type of animal-assisted intervention. In this case, in a goal-directed intervention in which an animal meeting specific criteria is an integral part of the treatment process. [...] We are still learning about the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], but it appears that the virus can spread from people to animals in some situations. CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] is aware of a small number of pets, including dogs and cats, reported to be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, mostly after close contact with people infected with COVID-19. If you have a service or therapy animal, follow your local guidance for acceptable business and social practices. Consider local levels of COVID-19 transmission when evaluating the risk to yourself, your animal, and the people you might come into contact with. Follow CDC's general recommendations for protecting pets from infection, when possible. For example, avoid unnecessary contact with people or other animals outside the household. Use your best judgment when taking an animal into a location where it could be exposed to COVID-19."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-16
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COVIDTracer 1.0
From the Document: "COVIDTracer is a spreadsheet-based tool that allows state- and local-level public health officials and policy makers to compare three different contact tracing/monitoring strategies. The tool allows you to vary estimates of the potential effectiveness of each strategy, the average number of contacts per case, and the time needed for case interviews and contact follow-up activities. Once you have entered such information, COVIDTracer provides you with estimates of the number of personnel needed to conduct case investigations, contact tracing, and case and contact monitoring. You can then compare the potential effectiveness of each of these three strategies to a baseline situation of continued social-distancing type interventions that have a user-defined level of effectiveness. To use the COVIDTracer tool in your local jurisdiction, you first define the population, the number of cases to date, and the cases in the past 14 days. You also enter an estimated number of contacts per case and expected number of hours per day that contact tracers would work. You can assess up to three case identification and contact tracing and monitoring strategies simultaneously and compare the impacts on the total number of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases for each strategy over the course of the pandemic versus a 'base case' social distancing scenario."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-16
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Testing Strategy for Coronavirus (COVID-19) in High Density Critical Infrastructure Workplaces After a COVID-19 Case is Identified
From the Document: "Workers in critical infrastructure sectors may be permitted to work if asymptomatic after potential exposure to a confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), provided that worker infection prevention recommendations and controls are implemented. Outbreaks of illness among workers in food-producing facilities and surrounding communities have raised unique questions that identified the need for testing for COVID-19 to supplement existing guidance. This document presents different testing strategy options for exposed co-workers when public health organizations and employers determine testing is needed to help support existing disease control measures. Such strategies can aid in identifying infectious individuals with the goal of reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] in the workplace. These strategies augment and do not replace existing guidance."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-13
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Overview of Testing for SARS-CoV-2
From the Document: "This document is intended to provide guidance on the appropriate use of testing and does not dictate the determination of payment decisions or insurance coverage of such testing, except as may be otherwise referenced (or prescribed) by another entity or federal or state agency. [...] This document provides a summary of considerations and current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations regarding SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] testing. The CDC recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 testing have been developed based on what is currently known about COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and are subject to change as additional information becomes available."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-13
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Testing Guidelines for Nursing Homes
From the Document: "Nursing home residents are at high risk for infection, serious illness, and death from COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, in respiratory specimens can detect current infections (referred to here as viral testing) among residents and HCP [Healthcare Personnel] in nursing homes. Viral testing in nursing homes, with authorized nucleic acid or antigen detection assays, is an important addition to other infection prevention and control (IPC) recommendations aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 from entering nursing homes, detecting cases quickly, and stopping transmission. This guideline is based on currently available information about COVID-19 and will be refined and updated as more information becomes available."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-13
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COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S. COVID-19 Activity, Week 24 [June 13, 2020]
From the Document: "Nationally, levels of influenza-like illness (ILI) and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-like illness (CLI) remain lower than peaks seen in March and April but are increasing slightly in some regions. The percentage of specimens testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, also increased slightly from last week in some regions. Mortality attributed to COVID-19 decreased compared to last week but remains elevated above baseline and may increase as additional death certificates are processed."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-13
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Toolkit: One Health Approach to Address Companion Animals with SARS-CoV-2
From the Purpose: "This toolkit provides recommendations for public health and animal health officials involved in managing companion animals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], including those that require hospitalization and those that may be isolated or monitored at home. States or other jurisdictions may have their own specific requirements for these circumstances. The primary means of people becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is through person-to-person spread. Based on limited data available, the risk of animals, including pets, of spreading SARSCoV-2 to people is considered to be low. However, in the event a companion animal tests positive for SARS-CoV-2, state, local and federal public health and animal health partners should be prepared to take additional steps to mitigate potential risks associated with exposure to these animals."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-12
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Healthcare Facilities: Managing Operations During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed how health care is delivered in the United States and has affected the operations of healthcare facilities. Effects may include increases in patients seeking care for respiratory illness that could be COVID-19, deferring and delaying non-COVID-19 care, disruptions in supply chains, fluctuations in facilities' occupancy, absenteeism among staff because of illness or caregiving responsibilities, and increases in mental health concerns. Currently, no FDA-approved medications to treat COVID-19 or vaccines to prevent it are available. Healthcare facilities need to provide care for all patients in the safest way possible for patients and healthcare personnel (HCP) and at the appropriate level, whether patients need home-based care, outpatient care, urgent care, emergency room care, inpatient care, or intensive care. This guidance outlines goals and strategies for U.S. healthcare facilities to operate effectively and safely during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides links to CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] guidance on providing care in different settings and situations."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-11
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COVIDTracer Manual
From the Document: "As of June 2, 2020, more than 1.8 million cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and more than 107,000 COVID-19 related deaths had been reported in the United States. [...] Contact tracing of infected patients aims to contain and control the spread of infectious disease epidemics by quickly identifying cases, identifying cases' contacts, isolating cases, and quarantining and monitoring case contacts for infections and symptom development. COVIDTracer allows users to explore, relative to interventions such as social distancing interventions, several contact tracing strategies using data inputs that reflect their particular jurisdiction to assess the personnel and time that will be needed to conduct contact tracing effectively. COVIDTracer also provides numerical results and graphs of the potential impact of contact tracing efforts on COVID-19's spread in comparison with social distancing interventions. This comparison aims to aid public health officials and policy makers to decide which strategy is likely to provide the most control with the available resources."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Adhikari, Bishwa Bhakta; Fischer, Leah S.; Greening, Bradford . . .
2020-06-10
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Guidance for U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Staff for the Establishment and Management of Public Health Rapid Response Teams for Disease Outbreaks: COVID-19 Disease Supplement
From the Introduction: "Since the first report of a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness in China, the current coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has spread globally exacting a huge toll on individuals, families, communities, and societies across the world, resulting in a World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of a pandemic. The COVID-19 response has highlighted the need for a multidisciplinary public health approach--with surveillance, laboratory and health care systems/networks, among others, intersecting and coordinating as part of a larger public health emergency response system. Public health rapid response teams (RRTs) are one mechanism of a larger emergency response strategy that can be utilized in a COVID-19 outbreak to ensure a fast and effective response. Reducing the time from disease detection to response limits transmission and potential population mortality and morbidity. Thus, as countries seek to maximize their response capacity to COVID-19, this document provides guidance to streamline the RRT operations during a COVID-19 response outside the United States. This document aims to guide United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff providing technical assistance for COVID-19 RRT capacity development at the national and sub-national levels during an active COVID-19 response."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-09
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Vaccination Guidance During a Pandemic
From the Document: "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused healthcare providers to change how they operate to continue to provide essential services to patients. Ensuring immunization services are maintained or reinitiated is essential for protecting individuals and communities from vaccine-preventable diseases and outbreaks and reducing the burden of respiratory illness during the upcoming influenza season."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-09
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Healthcare Infection Prevention and Control FAQs for COVID-19
From the Page Summary: "This creates FAQs [frequent questions and answers] to support the existing Healthcare Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] [...and] [t]o assist health care facilities in preventing transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare settings."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-05
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Wildfire Smoke and COVID-19: Frequently Asked Questions and Resources for Air Resource Advisors and Other Environmental Health Professionals
From the Document: "The purpose of this document is to provide Air Resource Advisors and other environmental health professionals with key messages about wildfire smoke and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. It also provides resources that can be given to communities affected by wildfire smoke during community spread of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-05
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Counterfeit Respirators / Misrepresentation of NIOSH-Approval
From the Document: "Counterfeit respirators are products that are falsely marketed and sold as being NIOSH [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]-approved and may not be capable of providing appropriate respiratory protection to workers. When NIOSH becomes aware of counterfeit respirators or those misrepresenting NIOSH approval on the market, we will post them here to alert users, purchasers, and manufacturers."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-05
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Interim COVID-19 Contact Tracing Communications Toolkit for Health Departments
From the Main Message: "We all need to work together with health departments to help slow the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Contact tracing and self-quarantining of infected individuals and close contacts are critical to help slow transmission of COVID-19 in our communities."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-03
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COVIDTracer v1.2 [spreadsheet]
From the Document: "[This spreadsheet serves as] a planning tool to illustrate the resources needed and potential impact of contact tracing and monitoring of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Adhikari, Bishwa Bhakta; Fischer, Leah S.; Greening, Bradford . . .
2020-06-02
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Considerations for Preventing Spread of COVID-19 in Assisted Living Facilities
From the Document: "Given their congregate nature and population served, assisted living facilities (ALFs) are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] spreading among their residents. If infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], assisted living residents--often older adults with underlying medical conditions--are at increased risk for severe illness. CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] is aware of confirmed cases of COVID-19 among residents of ALFs in multiple states. Experience with outbreaks in nursing homes has demonstrated that residents with COVID-19 may not report common symptoms such as fever or respiratory symptoms; some may not report any symptoms. Unrecognized asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections likely contribute to transmission in these settings. Therefore, CDC recommends source control measures for all persons, including when in a healthcare setting."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-29
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Guidance for Pharmacies: Guidance for Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians in Community Pharmacies During the COVID-19 Response
From the Document: "This guidance applies to all pharmacy staff to minimize their risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] and reduce the risk for patients during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. As a vital part of the healthcare system, pharmacies play an important role in providing medicines, therapeutics, vaccines, and critical health services to the public. Ensuring continuous function of pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic is important. During the pandemic, pharmacy staff can minimize their risk of exposure to the virus that causes COVID-19 and reduce the risk for patients by using the principles of infection prevention and control and social distancing."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-28
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Funeral Guidance for Individuals and Families
From the Document: "Grieving the loss of a loved one during the fear and anxiety about the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic can be overwhelming. It may be difficult for people to make decisions about how to safely grieve and honor their loved one. This guidance is for individuals and families as they work with funeral directors, community and religious leaders, and others to plan and hold funeral services and visitations during the COVID-19 pandemic."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-27
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Guidance for Group Homes for Individuals with Disabilities
From the Document: "Group homes (GHs) for people with disabilities can vary in size from small to larger congregate settings. In congregate living settings, several factors may facilitate the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Some of these factors include residents employed outside the home, residents who require close contact with staff or Direct Service Providers, residents who have trouble understanding information or practicing preventive measures, and residents in shared living spaces. In addition, GH residents who have underlying medical conditions may be at risk of serious illness with COVID19."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-27
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CDC Activities and Initiatives Supporting the COVID-19 Response and the President's Plan for Opening America Up Again [May 26, 2020]
From the Document: "The principal objectives of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] surveillance are to monitor the spread and intensity of the pandemic, to enable contact tracing to slow transmission, and to identify disease clusters requiring special intervention. Secondary objectives include understanding the severity and spectrum of disease, identifying risk factors for and methods of preventing infection, and producing data essential for forecasting. In addition to tracking the disease itself, monitoring of healthcare capacity and essential supplies through the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is critical to ensure adequacy of care. [...] Widespread community mitigation combined with ongoing containment activities represents both an effective intervention for limiting the spread of COVID-19 and a serious threat to the economic well-being of the country and the world."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-26
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Protect Yourself When Using Transportation
From the Webpage: "As schools, businesses, and community organizations begin providing services, consider ways that you can protect yourself and slow the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] when using transportation. When you consider the following options, think about what is feasible, practical, and acceptable to you and meets your needs."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-26
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Interim Guidelines for COVID-19 Antibody Testing in Clinical and Public Health Settings
From the Background: "Serologic assays for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], now broadly available, can play an important role in understanding the virus's epidemiology in the general population and identifying groups at higher risk for infection. Unlike viral direct detection methods such as nucleic acid amplification or antigen detection tests that can detect acutely infected persons, antibody tests help determine whether the individual being tested was ever infected--even if that person never showed symptoms. Serologic tests detect waning or past SARS-CoV-2 virus infection indirectly, by measuring the host humoral immune response to the virus. Therefore, serology assays do not typically replace direct detection methods as the primary tool for diagnosing an active SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they do have several important applications in monitoring and responding to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-23
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Considerations for Release of Stockpiled N95s Beyond the Manufacturer-Designated Shelf Life (Updated May 22, 2020)
From the Background: "Some U.S. stockpiles include N95 filtering facepiece respirators (N95s) that have exceeded their manufacturer-designated shelf life. U.S. Government decision makers are considering whether these products should be released for use during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response. Information is provided below that may be used to inform these product release decisions. In times of respiratory protective device shortage, such as during the COVID-19 response, supplies must be managed so that protection against exposure is adequate."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-22
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Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
From the Background: "This interim guidance has been updated based on currently available information about COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and the current situation in the United States. As healthcare facilities begin to relax restrictions on healthcare services provided to patients (e.g., restarting elective procedures), in accordance with guidance from local and state officials, there are precautions that should remain in place as a part of the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most recommendations in this updated guidance are not new [...]; they have been reorganized into the following sections: Recommended infection prevention and control (IPC) practices for routine healthcare delivery during the pandemic Recommended IPC practices when caring for a patient with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] infection This guidance is applicable to all U.S. healthcare settings. This guidance is not intended for non-healthcare settings (e.g., schools) OR for persons outside of healthcare settings."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-22
