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CDC's Operational Strategy for K-12 Schools Through Phased Mitigation
From the Document: "K-12 [kindergarten to 12th grade] schools should be the last settings to close after all other mitigation measures in the community have been employed, and the first to reopen when they can do so safely. Many K-12 schools that have implemented mitigation strategies have been able to safely open for in-person instruction and remain open. This operational strategy presents a pathway to reopen schools and help them remain open through consistent use of mitigation strategies, especially universal and correct use of masks and physical distancing."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-02-14
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Operational Strategy for K-12 Schools Through Phased Mitigation
From the Executive Summary: "As communities plan safe delivery of in-person instruction in K-12 [kindergarten to 12th grade] schools, it is essential to decide when and under what conditions to help protect students, teachers, and staff and slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. It is critical for schools to open as safely and as soon as possible, and remain open, to achieve the benefits of in-person learning and key support services. To enable schools to open safely and remain open, it is important to adopt and consistently implement actions to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 both in schools and in the community. This means that all community members, students, families, teachers, and school staff should take actions to protect themselves and others where they live, work, learn, and play. In short, success in preventing the introduction and subsequent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools is connected to and facilitated by preventing transmission in the broader community. This operational strategy presents recommendations based on the best-available evidence at the time of release. As science and data on COVID-19 continue to evolve, guidance and recommendations will be updated to reflect new evidence."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-02-12
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Healthcare Personnel and First Responders: How to Cope with Stress and Build Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Webpage: "Providing care to others during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic can lead to stress, anxiety, fear, and other strong emotions. How you cope with these emotions can affect your well-being, the care you give to others while doing your job, and the well-being of the people you care about outside of work. During this pandemic, it is critical that you recognize what stress looks like, take steps to build your resilience and cope with stress, and know where to go if you need help."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-12-16
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Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Part of a Multipronged Approach to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "This web page highlights basic principles of case investigation and contact tracing to stop COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 19] transmission; detailed guidance for health departments is available."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-12-14
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Considerations for Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities
From the Document: "CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] offers the following considerations for ways in which administrators of retirement communities and independent living facilities can help protect residents, workers, visitors, and communities and slow the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. These considerations are for administrators of retirement communities and independent living facilities that are not healthcare facilities. Learn more about guidance for long-term care facilities (LTCFs) that offer medical services [hyperlink] (e.g., nursing homes, skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities, day care programs for older adults). A retirement community or independent living facility is a residential or housing community that is usually age-restricted (e.g., aged 55 and older) with residents who are partially or fully retired and can generally care for themselves without regular nursing or other routine medical assistance. Communal facilities, community activities, meals, transportation, and socialization opportunities may be provided. Different types of independent housing with support services for older adults include: [1] Public housing for low-to-moderate income older adults; [2] Assisted living homes that do not provide medical services; [3] Continuing Care Retirement Communities, which include a range of housing options including independent living."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-30
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What Maritime Pilots Need to Know About COVID-19
From the Document: "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. Symptoms often include cough, shortness of breath, fever, chills, muscle pain, sore throat, or new loss of taste or smell. [...] Recent studies indicate that the virus can be spread by people who are not showing symptoms. It may be possible that a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes. This is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads, but we are still learning more about this virus. [...] For maritime pilots, potential sources of exposures include close contact with a vessel crewmember with COVID-19 and touching your nose, mouth, or eyes after contacting surfaces or handling items that a person with COVID-19 has touched."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-30
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for Communities of Faith
From the Document: "CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] offers the following general considerations to help communities of faith discern how best to practice their beliefs while keeping their staff and congregations safe. Millions of Americans embrace worship as an essential part of life. For many faith traditions, gathering together for worship is at the heart of what it means to be a community of faith. But as Americans are now aware, gatherings present a risk for increasing spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] during this Public Health Emergency. CDC offers these suggestions for faith communities to consider and accept, reject, or modify, consistent with their own faith traditions, in the course of preparing to reconvene for in-person gatherings while still working to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This guidance is not intended to infringe on rights protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution or any other federal law, including the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (RFRA). The federal government may not prescribe standards for interactions of faith communities in houses of worship, and in accordance with the First Amendment, no faith community should be asked to adopt any mitigation strategies that are more stringent than the mitigation strategies asked of similarly situated entities or activities. [...] State and local authorities are reminded to take this vital right into account when establishing their own re-opening plans."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-29
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for Institutions of Higher Education
From the Document: "As some institutions of higher education (IHE) prepare to re-open or keep open in-person learning in the United States, IHEs are faced with the challenge of keeping students, faculty, staff, and volunteers safe due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. CDC offers the following considerations for ways that IHEs can help protect students and employees (e.g., faculty, staff, and administrators) and slow the spread of COVID-19. This document refers only to risks related to COVID-19. [...] These interim considerations are based on what is currently known about COVID-19 as of the date of posting, October 5, 2020. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will update these considerations as needed and as additional information becomes available. Please check CDC website periodically for updated interim guidance. [...] Summary of changes to the considerations as of October 5, 2020: [1] Expanded considerations on care for students and staff when becoming ill in an IHE setting; [2] Updated considerations on ventilation; [3]Updated considerations on food service; [4] Updated considerations for contact tracing; [5] Updated considerations on recognizing signs and symptoms of COVID-19, screening, and testing; [6] Updated considerations on coping and support; [and] [7] Updated considerations for Direct Service Providers (DSPs)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-29
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Implementation of Mitigation Strategies for Communities with Local COVID-19 Transmission [Updated October 29, 2020]
From the Background: "This document describes the goals, guiding principles, and strategies for community mitigation to reduce or prevent local COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] transmission. Community mitigation activities are actions that people and communities can take to slow the spread of a new virus with pandemic potential. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. Community mitigation actions are especially important before a vaccine or therapeutic drug becomes widely available. Because COVID-19 is highly transmissible and can be spread by people who do not know they have the disease, risk of transmission within a community can be difficult to determine. Until broad-scale testing is widely implemented or we have a more comprehensive and precise measure of disease burden, states and communities should assume some community transmission or spread is occurring."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-29
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COVID-19 Vaccination Program Interim Playbook for Jurisdiction Operations, Version 2.0
From the Executive Summary: "Immunization with a safe and effective COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine is a critical component of the United States strategy to reduce COVID-19-related illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths and to help restore societal functioning. The goal of the U.S. government is to have enough COVID-19 vaccine for all people in the United States who wish to be vaccinated. [...] This document serves as an interim playbook for state, territorial (including the US-affiliated Pacific Islands [USAPI] of American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau), tribal, and local public health programs and their partners on how to plan and operationalize a vaccination response to COVID-19 within their jurisdictions. The document's sections cover specific areas of COVID-19 vaccination program planning and implementation and provide key guidance documents and links to resources to assist those efforts. Many, but not all, of the COVID-19 Vaccination Program activities described may overlap with routine activities; routine immunization and pandemic influenza program activities can serve as a foundation for COVID-19 vaccination planning."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-29
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Common Investigation Protocol for Investigating Suspected SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection
From the Protocol Summary: "This protocol is designed to support a common public health investigation into suspected SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] reinfection cases across jurisdictions. Confirming SARS-CoV-2 reinfection requires advanced laboratory diagnostic support built upon advanced planning to implement this protocol, or a locally adapted version, with referral of specimens to supporting laboratory networks. Data collected with this protocol will identify potential cases of reinfection, advance understanding of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, and inform public health response."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-27
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Polling Locations and Voters
From the Document: "The more an individual interacts with others, and the longer that interaction, the higher the risk of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] spread. Elections with only in-person voting on a single day are higher risk for COVID-19 spread because there will be larger crowds and longer wait times. Lower risk election polling settings include those with: [1] a wide variety of voting options; [2] longer voting periods (more days and/or more hours); [3] any other feasible options for reducing the number of voters who congregate indoors in polling locations at the same time. The virus that causes COVID-19, is mostly spread by respiratory droplets released when people talk, cough, or sneeze. It may be possible that a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes. Personal prevention practices (such as handwashing, staying home when sick) and environmental cleaning and disinfection are important actions election ocials, poll workers, and voters can take to help lower the risk of COVID-19 spread."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-23
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COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Among Refugee, Immigrant, and Migrant (RIM) Populations: Important Considerations for Health Departments
From the Document: "While COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is a public health threat to the entire U.S. population, there is growing evidence that the outbreak disproportionately affects certain groups, including RIM [Refugee, Immigrant, and Migrant] populations. Long-standing systemic health, economic and social inequities have put many people from racial and ethnic minority groups at an increased risk of becoming seriously ill and dying from COVID-19. Due to social and economic conditions, RIM populations may face many of these same challenges that lead to poorer health outcomes. These communities also face unique risks for COVID-19 infection. Many RIM populations face economic, cultural, geographic, and legal barriers to health care, including lack of health insurance compared to the U.S.-born population. Critical infrastructure industries, including the food, agriculture, and hospitality sectors, often rely on large numbers of RIM employees as essential workers and may include work environments that present challenges to social distancing."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-22
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Identify Strategies to Reduce Spread of COVID-19
This guidance provides details on the following: "Background on COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]"; "COVID-19 disease-specific information"; "Ways to prevent spread of COVID-19"; "Training catalog"; "Making Contact: A Training for COVID-19 Contact Tracers": "The Basics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Lesson 1"; "Emerging respiratory viruses, including COVID-19: methods for detection, prevention, response and control"; "COVID-19 Contact Tracing; Every Contact Counts: Contact Tracing for Public Health Professionals"; "COVID-19 Public Health Strategy Basic Concepts - NDPHTN [North Dakota Public Health Training Network]"; "Boots on the Ground Part 1: Foundational Epidemiology"; "COVID-19 Contact Investigation Training"; "COVID-19 Real-Time Legal Response: Focus on Quarantine, Isolation, and Other Social Distancing Powers"; and "COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control in the Household (Microlearning)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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Public Health Guidance for Community-Related Exposure
From the Document: "[This] guidance is provided for definitions and management of contacts of people with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Separate guidance is available for international travelers. [...] Public health recommendations have been updated to accommodate new scientific evidence, evolving epidemiology, and the need to simplify risk assessment. New recommendations are based on: [1] Growing evidence of transmission risk from infected people without symptoms (asymptomatic) or before the onset of recognized symptoms (presymptomatic); [2] Increased community transmission in many parts of the country; [3] A need to communicate effectively to the general public; [and 4] Continued focus on reducing transmission through social distancing and other personal prevention strategies."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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Contact Tracing for COVID-19
From the Document: "[1] State and local public health officials will decide how to implement these activities and how to advise specific people, or groups of people, to be tested. [2] Contact tracing will be conducted for close contacts (any individual within 6 feet of an infected person for a total of 15 minutes or more) of laboratory-confirmed or probable COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] patients. [3] Remote communications for the purposes of case investigation and contact tracing should be prioritized; in-person communication may be considered only after remote options have been exhausted. [4] Testing is recommended for all close contacts of confirmed or probable COVID-19 patients. [5] Those contacts who test positive (symptomatic or asymptomatic) should be managed as a confirmed COVID-19 case. [6] Asymptomatic contacts testing negative should self-quarantine for 14 days from their last exposure (i.e., close encounter with confirmed or probable COVID-19 case). [7] If testing is not available, symptomatic close contacts should self-isolate and be managed as a probable COVID-19 case. [8] Asymptomatic close contacts who are not tested should self-quarantine and be monitored for 14 days after their last exposure, with linkage to clinical care for those who develop symptoms."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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Investigating and Responding to COVID-19 Cases in Non-Healthcare Work Settings
From the Purpose: "Workplaces can present unique challenges for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] investigation and public health action. Because many workplaces can be crowded settings, and many jobs involve a high level of interaction with the public, these settings could allow virus to be spread easily among workers. The tools below can be used for responding to individual cases and outbreaks in non-healthcare work settings."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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Prioritizing Non-Healthcare Worksite Assessments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
From the Document: "This page is intended to assist state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments in making decisions about how to allocate limited resources to respond to worksites that report COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related concerns, complaints, or clusters. In general, COVID-19 clusters in shared housing, detention and correctional facilities, schools, daycares, and youth programs should be considered high priority. Other worksites may be prioritized based on the potential for extensive transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], or transmission to people at higher risk for severe illness. These worksites could include high-density critical infrastructure facilities, such as manufacturing facilities, meat and poultry processing facilities, worksites with essential workers, warehouse and distribution centers, construction sites, or service-providing establishments such as salons or restaurants. Federal partners should be consulted regarding assessments of federal worksites."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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Considerations for Monitoring and Evaluation of Mitigation Strategies Implemented in K-12 Schools
From the Overview: "As K-12 [kindergarten to 12th grade] schools reopen for in-person instructions, it is important to have systems in place for the monitoring and evaluation of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] mitigation strategies. This resource provides example evaluation questions, indicators, and data sources to help state and local public health and education agencies, school and district administrators, and evaluation professionals monitor and evaluate the implementation and impact of COVID-19 mitigation strategies implemented in K-12 schools on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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Interim Guidance on Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Correctional and Detention Facilities [Updated Oct. 21 2020]
From the Document: "This document is intended to provide guiding principles for healthcare and non-healthcare administrators of correctional and detention facilities (including but not limited to federal and state prisons, local jails, and detention centers), law enforcement agencies that have custodial authority for detained populations (i.e., U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Marshals Service), and their respective health departments, to assist in preparing for potential introduction, spread, and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] (the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019, or COVID-19) in their facilities. In general, the document uses terminology referring to correctional environments but can also be applied to civil and pre-trial detention settings."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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COVID-19 Employer Information for Paratransit Operators
From the Document: "You can protect workers by supporting them in maintaining both personal preventive behaviors (socially distancing, wearing cloth masks, washing hands) and environmental interventions. Evaluate your workplace to identify scenarios where workers cannot maintain social distancing of at least 6 feet from each other and/or riders. Use appropriate combinations of controls following the hierarchy of controls to address these situations to limit the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. A committee of both workers and management may be most effective at identifying all possible scenarios."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-21
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SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategy: Considerations for Non-Healthcare Workplaces
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this document is to provide employers with strategies for consideration of incorporating testing for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], into a workplace COVID-19 preparedness, response, and control plan. Employers are encouraged to collaborate with state, territorial, tribal and local health ocials to determine whether and how to implement the following testing strategies and which one(s) would be most appropriate for their circumstances. These considerations are meant to supplement, not replace, any federal, state, local, territorial, or tribal health and safety laws, rules, and regulations with which workplaces must comply. These strategies should be carried out in a manner consistent with law and regulation, including laws protecting employee privacy and confidentiality. They should also be carried out consistent with Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidance regarding permissible testing policies and procedures. Employers paying for testing of employees should put procedures in place for rapid notification of results and establish appropriate measures based on testing results including instructions regarding self-isolation and restrictions on workplace access."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-20
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Interim Guidance for Case Investigation and Contact Tracing in K-12 Schools
From the Overview: "To promote safe and healthy learning environments in K-12 [kindergarten to 12th grade] schools, school administrators can work together with health departments to reduce the risk of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-2019). K-12 school administrators can play an important role in taking steps to slow the spread of disease to prevent outbreaks, and protect students, staff and teachers. Regardless of the level of community transmission, K-12 schools should be prepared for COVID-19 outbreaks in their communities that may introduce infection to the school setting, identification of cases among students, staff and teachers, and potential exposure(s) to COVID-19 that may occur at school facilities or events."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-20
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How to Report COVID-19 Laboratory Data
From the Document: "The public health response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] depends on comprehensive laboratory testing data. These data will contribute to understanding COVID-19's impact and testing coverage and can contribute to the identification of supply chain issues for reagents and other materials. The information below outlines reporting requirements for laboratories."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-16
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Considerations for Monitoring and Evaluation of Mitigation Strategies Implemented in Institutions of Higher Education
From the Overview: "As institutions of higher education reopen for in-person instructions, it is important to have systems in place for the monitoring and evaluation of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] mitigation strategies. This resource provides example evaluation questions, indicators, and data sources to help institutions of higher education, their administrators, public health agencies, and evaluation professionals to monitor and evaluate the implementation and impact of COVID-19 mitigation strategies in institutions of higher education on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-15
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Guidance for SARS-CoV-2 Point-Of-Care Testing
From the Document: "Point-of-care (POC) tests, such as some rapid tests for diagnosing an infectious disease, provide results within minutes of the test being administered, allowing for rapid decisions about patient care. POC tests can also extend testing to communities and populations that cannot readily access care. [...] This CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] Web resource provides guidance on the regulatory requirements for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] POC testing, using POC tests safely, and information on reporting POC test results."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-14
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10 Things Healthcare Professionals Need to Know About U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Plans
From the Document: "In the United States, there is currently no authorized or approved vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Operation Warp Speed has been working since the pandemic started to make a COVID-19 vaccine(s) available as soon as possible. CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] is focused on vaccine planning, working closely with health departments and partners to get ready for when a vaccine(s) is available. CDC does not have a role in developing COVID-19 vaccines. With the possibility of one or more COVID-19 vaccines becoming available before the end of the year, here are 10 things healthcare professionals need to know about where those plans currently stand."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-14
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Interim Considerations for Testing for K-12 School Administrators and Public Health Officials
From the Document: "With the increased availability of tests, these considerations are intended to provide guidance on the appropriate use of testing for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] (the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]) in K-12 [kindergarten to twelfth grade] schools for surveillance, diagnosis, screening, or outbreak response. Schools can help protect students and their families, teachers, staff, and the broader community and slow the spread of COVID-19. Testing to diagnose COVID-19 is part of a comprehensive strategy and should be used in conjunction with promoting behaviors that reduce spread (e.g., mask use, social distancing, hand hygiene); maintaining healthy environments (e.g., cleaning and disinfection, ventilation); maintaining healthy operations (e.g., scheduling, virtual learning, class sizes); and preparing for when someone gets sick."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-13
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Elastomeric Respirators: Strategies During Conventional and Surge Demand Situations
From the Purpose: "This [document] offers guidance for the use of reusable elastomeric particulate respirators to provide respiratory protection to healthcare practitioners (HCP) against pathogens as a component of a formally developed and implemented written respiratory protection program."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-13
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Contact Tracing by Community Health Workers in Low-Resource, Non-US Settings
From the Document Purpose: "This document provides information on how community health workers (CHWs) can support contact tracing efforts related to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in low resource and resource-limited non-U.S. settings. The considerations provided can be adapted to follow national or local guidelines and account for local context."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-09
