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Unauthorized Childhood Arrivals: Legislative Options [September 14, 2017]
"In 2012, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) began granting deferred action through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program to certain individuals without lawful immigration status who had arrived in the United States as children and met other requirements. The requirements included initial entry into the United States before age 16, continuous U.S. residence since June 15, 2007, and being under age 31 as of June 15, 2012. Deferred action provides protection against removal from the United States. Individuals granted deferred action also may receive work authorization. Initial grants of deferred action under DACA were for two years and could be renewed in two-year increments. As of March 31, 2017, DHS had approved 787,580 initial requests for DACA from applicants residing in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and several U.S. territories"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2017-09-14
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Immigration: U.S. Asylum Policy [February 19, 2019]
"Asylum is a complex area of immigration law and policy. While much of the recent debate surrounding asylum has focused on efforts by the Trump Administration to address asylum seekers arriving at the U.S. southern border, U.S. asylum policies have long been a subject of discussion. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952, as originally enacted, did not contain any language on asylum. Asylum provisions were added and then revised by a series of subsequent laws. Currently, the INA provides for the granting of asylum to an alien who applies for such relief in accordance with applicable requirements and is determined to be a refugee. The INA defines a refugee, in general, as a person who is outside his or her country of nationality and is unable or unwilling to return to that country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2019-02-19
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Recent Migration to the United States from Central America: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated January 29, 2019]
From the Document: "Over the last decade, migration to the United States from Central America--in particular from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras (known collectively as the Northern Triangle)--has increased considerably. Families migrating from this region, many seeking asylum, have made up an increasing share of the migrants seeking admission to the United States at the U.S.-Mexico border. In the past year, news reports of migrant 'caravans' from the Northern Triangle traveling toward the United States have sparked intense interest and questions from Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Wilson, Jill, 1974-; Bruno, Andorra; Elsea, Jennifer K. . . .
2019-01-29
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Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA): By the Numbers [April 14, 2021]
From the Document: "On January 20, 2021, his first day in office, President Joe Biden issued a memorandum to the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the U.S. Attorney General on the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) initiative. The presidential memorandum directed the DHS Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General, to 'take all actions he deems appropriate, consistent with applicable law, to preserve and fortify DACA.' [...] To help inform possible legislative activity related to DACA and Dreamers, this report considers available data on the DACA population from DHS and other sources. An initial background section provides a brief history of DACA and its current status. Three categories of data are then presented and discussed: (1) data on the DACA-eligible population, (2) data on DACA applications, and (3) data on DACA recipients. Finally, the report addresses the issue of unauthorized immigrants and LPR status, focusing in particular on DACA recipients and related data."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2021-04-14
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Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Programs [December 12, 2017]
"Congress has enacted a series of legislative provisions since 2006 to enable certain Iraqi and Afghan nationals to become U.S. lawful permanent residents (LPRs). These provisions make certain Iraqis and Afghans who have worked as translators or interpreters, or who were employed by, or on behalf of, the U.S. government in Iraq or Afghanistan, eligible for special immigrant visas (SIVs). Special immigrants comprise a category of permanent employment-based admissions under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). While the special immigrant category is unique, it does bear some similarities to other admission categories that are authorized by other sections of the INA, including refugees and Amerasian children."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2017-12-12
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Syrian Refugee Admissions and Resettlement in the United States: In Brief [September 16, 2016]
"The admission of Syrian refugees to the United States has generated public controversy, with opponents citing concerns chiefly about terrorism and national security. As of August 31, 2016, the United States has admitted 10,740 Syrian refugees in FY2016, meeting the Obama Administration's fiscal year goal. These new arrivals have been placed in 40 states. From October 1, 2010, through August 31, 2016, the United States admitted a total of 12,623 Syrian refugees. The admission of refugees to the United States and their resettlement here are authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended by the Refugee Act of 1980. [...] The Department of State's (DOS's) Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (PRM) is responsible for coordinating and managing the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program. Prospective refugees can be referred to the U.S. program by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, a U.S. embassy, or a designated nongovernmental organization (NGO), or in some cases, they can access the U.S. refugee program directly. [...] Refugees who are accepted for U.S. resettlement are placed in communities throughout the United States. Regardless of where refugees are initially resettled, they are free to relocate at any time. Once admitted to the United States, refugees are eligible for initial resettlement assistance through the DOS Reception and Placement Program and longer-term resettlement assistance through the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2016-09-16
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Syrian Refugee Admissions and Resettlement in the United States: In Brief [November 19, 2015]
From the Introduction: "The November 2015 attacks in Paris have crystallized concerns among some policymakers in the United States about admitting Syrian refugees. Questions have been raised about the refugee admission process, particularly the security vetting procedures. Some policymakers have urged the Obama Administration to stop admitting Syrian refugees for now and a number of governors have expressed an unwillingness to accept Syrian refugees in their states. The Administration previously announced that it would admit at least 10,000 Syrian refugees in FY2016. To assist Congress in addressing issues related to Syrian refugees and U.S. refugee policy generally, this report details the U.S. refugee admissions process and the placement and resettlement of arriving refugees in the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2015-11-19
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [December 3, 2013]
"Multiple DREAM Act [Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act] bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. Most have proposed a two-prong approach of repealing the 1996 provision and enabling some unauthorized alien students to become U.S. legal permanent residents (LPRs) through an immigration procedure known as 'cancellation of removal'. While there are other options for dealing with this population, this report deals exclusively with the DREAM Act approach in light of the considerable congressional interest in it. In the 111th Congress, the House approved DREAM Act language as part of an unrelated bill, the Removal Clarification Act of 2010 (H.R. 5281). The Senate, however, failed to invoke cloture on a motion to agree to the House-passed DREAM Act amendment, and the bill died at the end of the Congress. The House-approved language differed in key respects from earlier versions of the DREAM Act. Bills to legalize the status of unauthorized alien students were again introduced in the 112th Congress. In 2012, in the absence of congressional action on DREAM Act legislation, the Obama Administration announced that certain individuals who entered the United States as children and meet other criteria would be considered for relief from removal."
Bruno, Andorra
2013-12-03
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [June 19, 2012]
"On June 15, 2012, the Obama Administration announced that certain individuals who were brought to the United States as children and meet other criteria would be considered for relief from removal. Under the memorandum, issued by Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano, these individuals would be eligible for deferred action1 for two years, subject to renewal, and could apply for employment authorization. The eligibility criteria for deferred action under the June 15, 2012, memorandum are (1) under age 16 at time of entry into the United States; (2) continuous residence in the United States for a least five years immediately preceding the date of the memorandum; (3) in school, graduated from high school or obtained general education development certificate, or honorably discharged from the Armed Forces; (4) not convicted of a felony offense, a significant misdemeanor offense, or multiple misdemeanor offenses, and not otherwise a threat to national security or public safety; and (5) age 30 or below. These eligibility criteria are similar to those included in DREAM Act [Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act] bills discussed below. The deferred action process set forth in the June 15, 2012, memorandum, however, would not grant eligible individuals a legal immigration status."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2012-06-19
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [March 21, 2012]
"The 109th and 110th Congresses considered, but did not enact, comprehensive immigration reform legislation that included large-scale legalization programs for unauthorized aliens. In the aftermath of these unsuccessful efforts, some interested parties have urged the President and Congress to pursue more limited legislation to address the status of unauthorized alien students. Such legislation is commonly referred to as the 'DREAM [Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors] Act.' Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. Unauthorized alien students also are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country. Multiple DREAM Act bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. […] Bills to legalize the status of unauthorized alien students (S. 952, H.R. 1842, H.R. 3823) have again been introduced in the 112th Congress. It is unclear, however, whether any of these measures will be considered. This report will be updated as legislative developments occur."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2012-03-21
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [June 1, 2011]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While prospects for comprehensive reform--especially for proposals including large-scale legalization of unauthorized aliens--may have dimmed since the November 2010 elections, some supporters are advocating passage of more limited legislation to address the status of unauthorized alien students. Such legislation is commonly referred to as the '(Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act.' Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. Unauthorized alien students also are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country. […] DREAM Act bills (S. 952, H.R. 1842) have again been introduced in the 112th Congress, but it is unclear whether such legislation will be considered. This report will be updated as legislative developments occur."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2011-06-01
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [Updated January 20, 2015]
From the Introduction: "Immigration reform has been hotly debated in recent years. Although many component issues are controversial, the question of legalizing large numbers of unauthorized immigrants in the United States has been a focal point of debate, galvanizing both support for and opposition to reform proposals. Historically less controversial has been legislation known as the 'DREAM Act' that proposes a more targeted legalization program to enable certain unauthorized students to obtain legal immigration status. The name DREAM Act derives from the bill title, Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, but it refers more broadly to a class of measures to provide immigration relief to unauthorized alien students, whether or not particular bills carry that name. [...] Bills to legalize the status of unauthorized alien students were again introduced in the 112th Congress. Some of these bills were similar to the measure approved by the House in the 111th Congress, while others included more traditional DREAM Act elements."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2015-01-20
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [December 14, 2010]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there are efforts to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the 'DREAM Act,' to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. On December 8, 2010, the House approved DREAM Act language as part of an unrelated bill, the Removal Clarification Act of 2010 (H.R. 5281). Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. Unauthorized alien students also are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-12-14
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [December 1, 2010]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the 'DREAM Act,' to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. Unauthorized alien students also are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country. Multiple bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. Most have proposed a two-prong approach of repealing the 1996 provision and enabling some unauthorized alien students to become U.S. legal permanent residents (LPRs) through an immigration procedure known as cancellation of removal."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-12-01
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [October 27, 2010]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the 'DREAM Act,' to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. Unauthorized alien students also are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country. Multiple bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. Most have proposed a two-prong approach of repealing the 1996 provision and enabling some unauthorized alien students to become U.S. legal permanent residents (LPRs) through an immigration procedure known as cancellation of removal. Bills proposing this type of relief for unauthorized students are commonly referred to as the DREAM Act. While there are other options for dealing with this population, this report deals exclusively with the DREAM Act approach in light of the widespread congressional interest in it."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-10-27
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [September 22, 2010]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the 'DREAM [Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors] Act,' to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. [...] More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country. Multiple bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. Most have proposed a two-prong approach of repealing the 1996 provision and enabling some unauthorized alien students to become U.S. legal permanent residents (LPRs) through an immigration procedure known as cancellation of removal. Bills proposing this type of relief for unauthorized students are commonly referred to as the DREAM Act. While there are other options for dealing with this population, this report deals exclusively with the DREAM Act approach in light of the widespread congressional interest in it."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-09-22
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U.S. Refugee Admissions in FY2021 [April 27, 2021]
From the Document: "On April 16, 2021, President Joe Biden issued an emergency presidential determination [hyperlink] (PD) on FY2021 refugee admissions. The emergency PD revised the allocations in the original FY2021 PD [hyperlink] issued by President Donald Trump in October 2020. The new PD left the earlier one's refugee ceiling of 15,000 unchanged. The refugee provisions in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA §207 [hyperlink]) authorize the President, after consulting with members of the House Judiciary Committee and the Senate Judiciary Committee, to issue a PD before the beginning of the fiscal year. In the PD, the President sets the refugee ceiling for the year and allocates that ceiling among refugees of special humanitarian concern to the United States. INA Section 207(b) further allows the President, after congressional consultation, to issue an emergency determination in the middle of a fiscal year in the event of 'an unforeseen refugee emergency situation.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2021-04-27
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H-2B Visa and the Statutory Cap: In Brief [Updated May 14, 2019]
From the Introduction: "FY2019 is the fourth year in a row that Congress has enacted a special provision to allow for the issuance of H-2B [non-agricultural] visas beyond the annual statutory cap of 66,000 in response to high levels of demand for the visa. For FY2016, Congress exempted certain H-2B workers from the statutory cap. For the three past fiscal years, Congress has authorized the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to make additional H-2B visas available subject to certain conditions. For FY2017 and FY2018, DHS used this authority to make an additional 15,000 H-2B visas available each year. For FY2019, DHS is making an additional 30,000 H-2B visas available."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2019-05-14
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President's Immigration Accountability Executive Action of November 20, 2014: Overview and Issues [January 8, 2015]
"On November 20, 2014, President Obama announced his Immigration Accountability Executive Action which revises some U.S. immigration policies and initiates several programs, including a revised border security policy for the Southwest border; deferred action programs for some unauthorized aliens; revised interior enforcement priorities; changes to aid the entry of skilled workers; the promotion of immigrant integration and naturalization; and several other initiatives the President indicated would improve the U.S. immigration system. The most controversial among these provisions will grant deferred action to as many as 5 million unauthorized aliens."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kandel, William; Bjelopera, Jerome P.; Bruno, Andorra . . .
2015-01-08
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Immigration Legislation Enacted in the 107th Congress [February 26, 2003]
From the Document: "This report provides brief summaries of 16 immigration-related laws enacted by the 107th Congress, organized by issue areas. However, it does not cover appropriations provisions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2003-02-26
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Immigration of Temporary Lower-Skilled Workers: Current Policy and Related Issues [Updated December 13, 2012]
From the Document: "This report discusses existing visa programs for temporary lower-skilled workers, including regulatory changes since 2008. It covers legislative efforts to reform current programs and to create new guest worker visas. It further identifies and explores key policy considerations to help inform congressional action on guest worker programs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2012-12-13
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Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 116th Congress [Updated June 19, 2020]
From the Summary: "The House and the Senate have considered measures on a variety of immigration issues in the 116th Congress. These issues include border security, immigration enforcement, legalization of unauthorized immigrants, temporary and permanent immigration, and humanitarian admissions. Several immigration measures were enacted into law. Among them are the Northern Mariana Islands Long-Term Legal Residents Relief Act (P.L. 116-24) and the Citizenship for Children of Military Members and Civil Servants Act (P.L. 116-133). The 116th Congress also enacted immigration provisions as part of larger defense and appropriations bills. [...] This report discusses these and other immigration-related issues that have seen legislative action in the 116th Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra; Kandel, William; Wilson, Jill, 1974-
2020-06-19
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H-2A and H-2B Temporary Worker Visas: Policy and Related Issues [Updated June 9, 2020]
From the Summary: "Certain foreign workers, sometimes referred to as guest workers, may be admitted to the United States to perform temporary labor under two temporary worker visas: the H-2A visa for agricultural workers and the H-2B visa for nonagricultural workers. The H-2A visa is not subject to any numerical limitations, while the H-2B visa is subject to a statutory annual cap of 66,000. H-2A and H-2B workers fill jobs that do not require much formal education. H-2A workers perform seasonal or temporary agricultural labor. They also engage in range herding and livestock production. H-2B workers perform temporary jobs in a variety of fields including landscaping, meat and seafood processing, and construction. The H-2A and H-2B programs are administered by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Labor (DOL). These agencies and the Department of State (DOS) have made adjustments, and in the case of DHS issued H-2A and H-2B temporary final rules, related to guest worker visas in response to the coronavirus pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2020-06-09
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Unauthorized Alien Students: Legislation in the 107th and 108th Congresses [Updated January 17, 2007]
From the Summary: "Unauthorized alien students constitute a subpopulation of the total U.S. unauthorized alien population that is of particular congressional interest. These students receive free public primary and secondary education, but often find it difficult to attend college for financial reasons. A provision enacted as part of a 1996 immigration law prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. In addition, unauthorized aliens are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More generally, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work in the United States and are subject to being removed from the country at any time."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra; Kuenzi, Jeffrey J., 1965-
2007-01-17
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FY2021 Refugee Ceiling and Allocations [November 3, 2020]
From the Document: "On October 28, 2020, President Donald Trump issued the Presidential Determination setting the FY2021 refugee ceiling at 15,000. The refugee ceiling is the maximum number of refugees that can be admitted to the United States in a given fiscal year. The Presidential Determination is typically issued before the start, or in the first week, of a new fiscal year. Refugees cannot be admitted to the United States until the Presidential Determination for that fiscal year has been issued. From October 1, 2020, until the issuance of the FY2021 Presidential Determination, no refugees could be admitted to the United States. The FY2021 refugee ceiling is the lowest in the 40-year history of the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2020-11-03
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Unauthorized Childhood Arrivals, DACA, and Related Legislation [Updated June 30, 2020]
From the Introduction: "On June 4, 2019, the House passed the American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (H.R. 6) on a vote of 237 to 187. Title I of the bill, the Dream Act of 2019, would establish a process for certain unauthorized immigrants who entered the United States as children (known as unauthorized childhood arrivals) to obtain lawful permanent immigration status. This vote on H.R. 6 was one of several House and Senate floor votes since 2018--and the only successful one--on legislation to grant some type of immigration relief to unauthorized childhood arrivals. As commonly used, the term 'unauthorized childhood arrivals' encompasses both individuals who entered the United States unlawfully and individuals who entered legally but then lost legal status, by, for example, overstaying an authorized temporary period of stay. There is no single set of requirements that defines an unauthorized childhood arrival. Individual bills include their own criteria. This report considers House and Senate measures on unauthorized childhood arrivals that have seen legislative action since 2001, focusing in particular on legislation considered in the 115th and 116th Congresses. It also discusses the related Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) initiative and DACA-related data. For the most part, the material is presented chronologically to trace the development of legislative proposals on unauthorized childhood arrivals and highlight the interplay between legislative action on these measures and developments related to the DACA initiative."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2020-06-30
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Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 116th Congress [Updated July 27, 2020]
From the Summary: "The House and the Senate have considered measures on a variety of immigration issues in the 116th Congress. These issues include border security, immigration enforcement, legalization of unauthorized immigrants, temporary and permanent immigration, and humanitarian admissions. [...] This report discusses these and other immigration-related issues that have seen legislativeaction in the 116th Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra; Kandel, William; Kolker, Abigail F. . . .
2020-07-27
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Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 116th Congress [June 12, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The 116th Congress has seen considerable committee and floor action on immigration legislation, particularly in the House. The House and/or the Senate have acted on bills addressing a range of immigration issue areas, including border security, immigration enforcement, legalization of unauthorized immigrants, temporary and permanent immigration, and humanitarian admissions. Some of these bills include amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), the basis of U.S. immigration law. Several immigration provisions were enacted as part of larger appropriations and defense authorization bills. These provisions variously address the H-2B [Temporary Non-Agricultural Workers] visa, U.S. refugee admissions, Afghan special immigrant visas, and the immigration status of Liberians who are long-time U.S. residents, among other issues. Through FY2019 and FY2020 consolidated appropriations measures, the 116th Congress extended the EB-5 [Employment Based Immigration- Fifth Preference] Regional Center Program for immigrant investors, the E-Verify employment eligibility verification system, and two other immigration programs, all of which are now authorized through September 30, 2020. The 116th Congress also enacted stand-alone measures concerning immigration in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and citizenship for children born abroad to parents who are U.S. military servicemembers or U.S. government employees. This report discusses these and other immigration-related measures that have received legislative action in the 116th Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra; Kandel, William; Wilson, Jill, 1974-
2020-06-12
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Presidential Proclamation on Unlawful Border Crossers and Asylum [Updated November 13, 2018]
From the Document: "On November 9, 2018, President Donald Trump issued a presidential proclamation to immediately suspend the entry of foreign nationals (aliens) who cross into the United States at the U.S.-Mexico border without inspection. The pronouncement further references that those who enter in contravention of the suspension will be ineligible for asylum under an interim final rule issued jointly by the Departments of Homeland Security and Justice on that same date. The proclamation and the rule are being challenged in federal court. In the words of the proclamation, its issuance was prompted by the anticipated arrival at the U.S. Southwest border of 'a substantial number of aliens primarily from Central America who appear to have no lawful basis for admission.' According to the proclamation, such migration 'has precipitated a crisis and undermines the integrity of our borders' and requires 'immediate action to protect the national interest, and to maintain the effectiveness of the asylum system.' The need to conduct foreign affairs effectively is another reason offered for the proclamation. Citing both constitutional and statutory authority, the President finds that the entry of aliens at the Southwest border without inspection 'would be detrimental to the interests of the United States, and that their entry should be subject to certain restrictions, limitations, and exceptions.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2018-11-13
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Unauthorized Childhood Arrivals: Legislative Activity in the 115th Congress [March 22, 2018]
"Unauthorized childhood arrivals is a general term used to describe foreign nationals who as children were brought to live in the United States by their parents or other adults. Sometimes referred to as Dreamers, they represent a subset of the larger unauthorized alien population in the United States. Many observers view them more sympathetically than other unauthorized aliens because they do not consider them responsible for their unlawful status, and they support establishing a process for them to obtain legal immigration status. Others, however, argue that unauthorized childhood arrivals should not be afforded any special treatment under the immigration system."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2018-03-22
