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Legislative Branch: FY2011 Appropriations [June 2, 2011]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office; Architect of the Capitol, including the Capitol Visitor Center; Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service; Government Printing Office; Government Accountability Office; and Open World Leadership Program. […] Previously, the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act provided $4.656 billion for FY2010 legislative branch operations, and the FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act provided $4.4 billion. In FY2009, an additional $25 million was provided for the Government Accountability Office (GAO) in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.4 P.L. 111-32, the FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Act, also contained funding for the police radio system ($71.6 million) and Congressional Budget Office ($2 million). […] The Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (P.L. 112-10) provides $4.54 billion for legislative branch activities for FY2011. This act continues funding and language contained in the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68), unless otherwise specified, and includes an across-the-board rescission of 0.2%."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2011-06-02
Legislative Branch: FY2013 Appropriations [June 6, 2012]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office; Architect of the Capitol; Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service; Government Printing Office; Government Accountability Office; and Open World Leadership Center. The legislative branch FY2013 budget request of $4.512 billion, which is submitted to the President by the legislative branch agencies and entities and included in the budget without change, was submitted to Congress on February 13, 2012. The request represents an increase of $205.5 million over the $4.307 billion in discretionary funding provided in Division G of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 2055, P.L. 112-74), which was enacted on December 23, 2011."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2011-06-06
Congressional Research Service and the American Legislative Process [March 19, 2008]

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"The Library of Congress, as its name suggests, is a library dedicated to serving the United States Congress and its Members. It serves additionally as an unexcelled national library. The Library was located in the Capitol Building with the House of Representatives and the Senate until 1897, and its collections always have been available for use by Congress. Building upon a concept developed by the New York State Library and then the Wisconsin legislative reference department, Wisconsin's Senator Robert LaFollette and Representative John M. Nelson led an effort to direct the establishment of a special reference unit within the Library in 1914. Later known as the Legislative Reference Service, it was charged with responding to congressional requests for information. For more than 50 years, this department assisted Congress primarily by providing facts and publications and by transmitting research and analysis done largely by other government agencies, private organizations, and individual scholars. In 1970, Congress enacted a law transforming the Legislative Reference Service into the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and directing CRS to devote more of its efforts and increased resources to performing research and analysis that assists Congress in direct support of the legislative process. Joined today by two other congressional support agencies, including the Congressional Budget Office and the Government Accountability Office, the Congressional Research Service offers research and analysis to Congress on all current and emerging issues of national policy. CRS analysts work exclusively for Congress, providing assistance in the form of reports, memoranda, customized briefings, seminars, videotaped presentations, information obtained from automated data bases, and consultations in person and by telephone. This work is governed by requirements for confidentiality, timeliness, accuracy, objectivity, balance, and nonpartisanship. This report will be updated as circumstances warrant."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2008-03-19
Congressional Salaries and Allowances [December 4, 2012]

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"This report provides basic information on congressional salaries and allowances. First, the report briefly summarizes the current salary of Members of Congress, limits on their outside earned income and honoraria, available life and health insurance, and retirement benefits. Second, the report provides information on allowances available to Representatives and Senators to support them in their official and representational duties. These allowances cover official office expenses, including staff, mail, travel between a Member's district or state and Washington, DC, and other goods and services. Third, the report lists the salaries of Members, House and Senate officers and officials, and salary limits for committee staff."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2012-12-04
Support Offices in the House of Representatives: Roles and Authorities [February 5, 2013]

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"Article I of the Constitution, in Sections 2 and 3, authorizes the House of Representatives and Senate to choose their own officers. The number of such congressional support personnel, as well as their specific responsibilities, is left to the discretion of the chambers. Over time, both chambers have authorized a number of offices that assist them, collectively or individually, in their work. […] This report is an overview of the different roles performed and the organizational authorities that govern the 'daily operations' offices in the House of Representatives. Certain entities that assist both the House and Senate, like the Architect of the Capitol, Office of Congressional Accessibility Services, Office of Compliance, the Office of the Attending Physician, the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and the Congressional Research Service (CRS), are included in this report, although the focus here is on their services to the House. The report is organized by function, with sections on offices supporting legislative duties; administrative, operational, and financial offices; legal and regulatory offices; ceremonial and historical offices; and security offices. Offices with responsibilities in more than one area are addressed in successive sections. More detailed information on select offices is also available in additional CRS products identified throughout."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2013-02-05
Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Proposals [November 1, 2011]

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"The leaders of the legislative branch agencies and entities-the Government Accountability Office, the Library of Congress, the Congressional Research Service, the Government Printing Office, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the U.S. Capitol Police, the Congressional Budget Office, and the Office of Compliance-are appointed in a variety of manners. Four agencies are led by a person appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate; two are appointed by Congress; one is appointed by the Librarian of Congress; one is appointed by a board of directors. Congress has periodically examined the procedures used to appoint these officers with the aim of protecting the prerogatives of, and ensuring accountability to, Congress within the framework of the advice and consent appointment process established in Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution. This report contains information on the legislative branch agency heads' appointment processes, length of tenures (if terms are set), reappointment or removal provisions (if any), salaries and benefits, and most recent appointments."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2011-11-01
Legislative Branch: FY2010 Appropriations [August 3, 2011]

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"The House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch held a markup on July 7, 2011, which was followed by a full committee markup on July 13. The full committee ordered reported a $3.3 billion bill, H.R. 2551 (H.Rept. 112-148). This total represents a $227 million, or 6.4%, reduction from the FY2011 level. [...] The House passed the bill, as amended, on July 22 (Roll no. 629; 252-159). The Subcommittees on the Legislative Branch of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees both held hearings during which Members considered the FY2011 legislative branch requests. Among issues that were considered during hearings were the following: (1) the potential for flat or reduced funding levels, including the effect on agency operations, plans for various budget scenarios, and potential efficiencies; (2) security plans and costs, especially for Members and district offices; (3) expenses for legal services related to the Defense of Marriage Act following Attorney General Eric Holder's February 23, 2011, letter to Speaker John Boehner regarding the President's determination that Section 3 of this act is unconstitutional and the Speaker's March 9, 2011, announcement that the House General Counsel was directed to initiate a legal defense of this law; (4) the role of the Government Printing Office in the digital age; and (5) status of current Architect of the Capitol projects and timing of renovations. Previously, P.L. 111-68 (enacted October 1, 2009) provided $4.656 billion for FY2010. The FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-212) provided an additional $12.96 million for the Capitol Police. The FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-8, enacted on March 11, 2009) provided $4.4 billion for legislative branch activities. In FY2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5) provided an additional $25 million for the Government Accountability Office, and the FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 111- 32) provided $71.6 million for the new U.S. Capitol Police radio system and $2 million for the Congressional Budget Office."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2011-08-03
Congressional Salaries and Allowances [June 28, 2011]

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"This report provides basic information on congressional salaries and allowances. First, the report briefly summarizes the current salary of Members of Congress, limits on their outside earned income and honoraria, and applicable health insurance and retirement benefits. Second, the report provides information on allowances available to Representatives and Senators to support them in their official and representational duties as Members. These allowances cover official office expenses, staff, mail, and other goods and services. Third, the report lists the salaries of congressional officers and officials and salary limits for committee staff. […] Additional information on salaries of Members of Congress may be found in CRS Report 97-615, Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2010, by Ida A. Brudnick and CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables, by Ida A. Brudnick. This report will be updated as information is made available."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2011-06-28
Legislative Branch: FY2011 Appropriations [June 15, 2011]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office; Architect of the Capitol, including the Capitol Visitor Center; Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service; Government Printing Office; Government Accountability Office; and Open World Leadership Program. […] The Subcommittees on the Legislative Branch of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees both held hearings during which Members considered the FY2011 legislative branch requests. Among issues that were considered during hearings were the following: -the potential for flat or reduced funding levels, including the affect on agency operations, plans for various budget scenarios, and potential efficiencies; -security plans and costs, especially for Members and district offices; -expenses for legal services related to the Defense of Marriage Act following Attorney General Eric Holder's February 23, 2011, letter to Speaker John Boehner regarding the President's determination that Section 3 of this act is unconstitutional and the Speaker's March 9, 2011, announcement that the House General Counsel was directed to initiate a legal defense of this law; -the role of the Government Printing Office in the digital age; and -status of current Architect of the Capitol projects and timing of future renovations."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2011-06-15
Congressional Research Service and the American Legislative Process [June 14, 2006]

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"The Library of Congress, as its name suggests, is a library dedicated to serving the United States Congress and its Members. It serves additionally as an unexcelled national library. The Library was located in the Capitol Building with the House of Representatives and the Senate until 1897, and its collections always have been available for use by Congress. Building upon a concept developed by the New York State Library and then the Wisconsin legislative reference department, Wisconsin's Senator Robert LaFollette and Representative John M. Nelson led an effort to direct the establishment of a special reference unit within the Library in 1914. Later known as the Legislative Reference Service, it was charged with responding to congressional requests for information. For more than 50 years, this department assisted Congress primarily by providing facts and publications and by transmitting research and analysis done largely by other government agencies, private organizations, and individual scholars. In 1970, Congress enacted a law transforming the Legislative Reference Service into the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and directing CRS to devote more of its efforts and increased resources to performing research and analysis that assists Congress in direct support of the legislative process. Joined today by two other congressional support agencies, including the Congressional Budget Office and the Government Accountability Office, the Congressional Research Service offers research and analysis to Congress on all current and emerging issues of national policy. CRS analysts work exclusively for Congress, providing assistance in the form of reports, memoranda, customized briefings, seminars, videotaped presentations, information obtained from automated data bases, and consultations in person and by telephone. This work is governed by requirements for confidentiality, timeliness, accuracy, objectivity, balance, and nonpartisanship. This report will be updated as circumstances warrant."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2006-06-14
Legislative Branch: FY2014 Appropriations [July 16, 2013]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Printing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); and Open World Leadership Center. The legislative branch FY2014 budget request of $4.512 billion was submitted on April 10, 2013. By law, the President includes the requests submitted from the legislative branch in the annual budget without change. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees' Legislative Branch Subcommittees held hearings to consider the FY2014 legislative branch requests. The House subcommittee held its markup on July 9, 2013, and the Senate Appropriations Committee held a markup on July 11, 2013 (S. 1283, S.Rept. 113-70). No amendments were offered in either markup. The legislative branch budget has decreased each year since FY2010. The FY2013 act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as 'anomalies'), less across-the-board rescissions that applied to all appropriations in the act, and not including sequestration reductions implemented on March 1. The FY2012 level represented a decrease of $236.9 million (-5.2%) from the FY2011 level, which itself represented a $125.1 million decrease (-2.7%) from FY2010. P.L. 112-10 (enacted on April 15, 2011) provided $4.543 billion for FY2011 legislative branch operations. P.L. 111-68 (enacted on October 1, 2009) provided $4.656 billion for FY2010. The FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 111- 212) provided an additional $12.96 million for the Capitol Police. The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2013-07-16
Legislative Branch: FY2015 Appropriations

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Printing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); and Open World Leadership Center. The legislative branch FY2015 budget request of $4.471 billion was submitted on March 4, 2014. By law, the President includes the requests submitted from the legislative branch in the annual budget without change. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees' Legislative Branch Subcommittees held hearings to consider the FY2015 legislative branch requests. The House subcommittee held its markup on April 4, 2014, and the full committee held a markup on April 9. One amendment was offered in the full committee, but failed. The bill, which would provide $3.3 billion (not including Senate items), was reported on April 17 (H.R. 4487, H.Rept. 113-417)."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Petersen, R. Eric; Brudnick, Ida A.

2014-05-20
Offices and Officials in the Senate: Roles and Duties [May 7, 2014]

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"Article I, Section 3, clause 5 of the United States Constitution states that the Senate shall 'chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.' Currently, the Senate elects a Secretary of the Senate, Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper (hereinafter Sergeant at Arms), and Chaplain. These officers provide services to the entire Senate community. Two additional officers--Secretary for the Majority and Secretary for the Minority-- are nominated by their parties and formally elected by the entire Senate. The Senate also elects a President pro tempore, although, this position--held by a member of the Senate (traditionally the majority party Senator with the longest continuous service)--is not addressed in this report.1 In addition, the Senate has established appointive offices, including the Legal Counsel, Legislative Counsel, and Parliamentarian, to handle certain other duties to the Senate. The roles and duties of these officers and officials have developed over time. They derive from Senate instructions codified in the Senate Rules, standing orders, the Senate Handbook, and law; Senate officers' activities may also be influenced by historical custom and precedent.2 Many of their duties are further defined by the committees with oversight and funding responsibilities for the Senate. The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, for example, has jurisdiction under Senate Rule XXV(n)(1) over many of the activities carried out by these officers and officials involving, for example, the Senate office buildings, Senate art, congressional printing, services to the Senate, and payments from the Senate contingent fund. The Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative Branch also may provide oversight of activities carried out by officers and officials through the annual appropriations hearings, reports, and bill language. Unlike in the House, which elects its officers to a two-year term, elected officers of the Senate do not have to be reelected at the beginning of a new Senate. Officers are elected when their predecessors leave office.3 When a vacancy occurs, the Senate chooses a new officer through the adoption of a resolution. When multiple officers are elected on the same day, separate resolutions are generally considered. Further, a deputy or assistant may be authorized to act in the absence of an officer. This report outlines the officers of the Senate, including brief information about the history of each office, examples of their roles and duties, and election or appointment information about the current incumbent."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2014-05-07
Legislative Branch: FY2015 Appropriations [November 13, 2014]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Printing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); and Open World Leadership Center. The legislative branch FY2015 budget request of $4.471 billion was submitted on March 4, 2014. By law, the President includes the requests submitted from the legislative branch in the annual budget without change. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees' Legislative Branch Subcommittees held hearings to consider the FY2015 legislative branch requests. The House subcommittee held its markup on April 4, 2014, and the full committee held a markup on April 9. One amendment was offered in the full committee, but failed. The bill, which would provide $3.3 billion (not including Senate items), was reported on April 17 (H.R. 4487, H.Rept. 113-417). The House passed H.R. 4487, the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2015, on May 1, 2014, by a vote of 402-14. The Senate Appropriations Committee reported H.R. 4487, as amended, on June 19, 2014, by voice vote (S.Rept. 113-196). This version would provide $4.3 billion. No further action on H.R. 4487 was taken, and legislative branch activities are currently funded through December 11, 2014, by a continuing appropriations resolution (P.L. 113-164). Legislative branch funding, which peaked in FY2010, remains below the FY2009 level of $4.501 billion. In FY2014, the funding level was $4.259 billion. The FY2013 act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as 'anomalies'), less across-the-board rescissions that applied to all appropriations in the act, and not including sequestration reductions implemented on March 1. The FY2012 level represented a decrease of $236.9 million (-5.2%) from the FY2011 level, which itself represented a $125.1 million decrease (-2.7%) from FY2010. The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Petersen, R. Eric; Brudnick, Ida A.

2014-11-13
Representatives and Senators: Trends in Member Characteristics Since 1945 [January 27, 2014]

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"Questions about the characteristics of Members of Congress, including their age, education, previous occupations, and other descriptors, are of ongoing interest to Members, congressional staff, and constituents. Some of these questions may be asked in the context of representation, in efforts to evaluate the extent to which Members of Congress reflect their constituencies and the nation at large. In other instances, questions arise about how the characteristics of Members have changed over time, which may speak in part to the history of Congress. This report provides profiles of Senators and Representatives in selected Congresses since 1945. It includes data based on Representatives and Senators serving on the first day of the 79th -- 113th Congresses for several demographic characteristics. The characteristics discussed include age, including the oldest and youngest Members of the House and Senate; sex; previous occupation; race and ethnicity; education; religion; and military service. Following summaries of each characteristic, the report provides a number of tables that present the detailed data by the category on which the summaries are based. All data tables appear in the 'Member Characteristics Data Tables' section."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.; Garrett, R. Sam, 1977-; Manning, Jennifer E. . . .

2014-01-27
Legislative Branch: FY2016 Appropriations [June 8, 2015]

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From the summary: "The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Publishing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); and Open World Leadership Center. The legislative branch FY2016 budget request of $4.528 billion was submitted on February 2, 2015. By law, the President includes the requests submitted by the legislative branch in the annual budget without change. A budget amendment was transmitted by the President to Congress on April 14, 2015. […] Legislative branch funding peaked in FY2010, and the FY2016 House-passed bill currently remains below the FY2009 level of $4.501 billion. The Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235, Division H, enacted December 16, 2014) provides $4.300 billion, an increase of $41.7 million (1.0%) from the FY2014 funding level of $4.259 billion. The FY2013 act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as 'anomalies'), less across-the-board rescissions that applied to all appropriations in the act, and not including sequestration reductions implemented on March 1. The FY2012 level represented a decrease of $236.9 million (-5.2%) from the FY2011 level, which itself represented a $125.1 million decrease (-2.7%) from FY2010."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2015-06-08
Legislative Branch: FY2016 Appropriations [February 1, 2016]

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From the Summary: "The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Publishing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); the Open World Leadership Center; and the John C. Stennis Center. The legislative branch FY2016 budget request of $4.528 billion was submitted on February 2, 2015. By law, the President includes the legislative branch request in the annual budget without change. A budget amendment was transmitted by the President to Congress on April 14, 2015."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2016-02-01
Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA): History and Usage [February 25, 2016]

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"The Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) is available to assist Senators in their official duties. The allowance is provided on a fiscal year basis (i.e., October 1-September 30). Funding is provided in the annual legislative branch appropriations bills. Senators have a high degree of flexibility to use the SOPOEA to operate their offices in a way that supports their congressional duties and responsibilities, and individual office spending may be as varied as the states from which the Senators are elected. This appropriations account has decreased in recent years, from a high of $422.0 million in FY2010 to $390.0 million in FY2014, a decrease of 7.6%. The appropriation remained at the FY2014 level in the FY2015 and FY2016 appropriations acts. The SOPOEA for each Senator is calculated based on three variables--the administrative and clerical assistance allowance, the legislative assistance allowance, and the official office expense allowance. The formula results in a single, consolidated allowance for each Senator that can be used to pay for any type of approved official expense, subject to any regulations or limitations established by statute, Senate rules, the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, and the Senate Ethics Committee."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2016-02-25
Legislative Branch: FY2017 Appropriations [June 2, 2016]

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"The first section of this report provides an overview of the consideration of FY2017 legislative branch appropriations, with subsections covering each action, including the initial submission of the request on February 9, 2016; hearings held by the House and Senate Legislative Branch Subcommittees in March; the House subcommittee markup on April 20, 2016; the House full committee markup on May 17, 2016; and the Senate full committee markup on May 19, 2016. It is followed by a section on prior year actions and funding, which contains historical tables. The report then addresses the FY2017 budget requests, requested administrative language, and selected funding issues for individual legislative branch agencies and entities. Finally, Table 5 through Table 9 list enacted funding levels for FY2016 and requested and House and Senate Appropriations Committee-reported levels for FY2017, while the Appendix lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2016-06-02
Legislative Branch: FY2013 Appropriations [May 2, 2013]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Printing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); and Open World Leadership Center. The legislative branch FY2013 budget request of $4.512 billion was submitted on February 13, 2012. The FY2013 request represented an increase of $205.5 million over the $4.307 billion in discretionary funding provided in the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74). The House and Senate Appropriations Committees Legislative Branch Subcommittees held hearings to consider the FY2013 legislative branch requests. Among issues that were considered during hearings were: the tight budget environment, prioritization of budget resources, and further options for potential savings or efficiencies; state and district office security; preparations and funding for the January 2013 Presidential Inauguration; deferred maintenance around the Capitol Complex, including the Capitol Dome; and the future of government printing in the digital age."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2013-05-02
Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Proposals

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"The leaders of the legislative branch agencies and entities--the Government Accountability Office, the Library of Congress, the Congressional Research Service, the Government Printing Office, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the U.S. Capitol Police, the Congressional Budget Office, and the Office of Compliance--are appointed in a variety of manners. Four agencies are led by a person appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate; two are appointed by Congress; one is appointed by the Librarian of Congress; one is appointed by a board of directors. Congress has periodically examined the procedures used to appoint these officers with the aim of protecting the prerogatives of, and ensuring accountability to, Congress within the framework of the advice and consent appointment process established in Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution. This report contains information on the legislative branch agency heads' appointment processes, length of tenures (if terms are set), reappointment or removal provisions (if any), salaries and benefits, and most recent appointments."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2013-06-12
Congressional Salaries and Allowances: In Brief [December 30, 2014]

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This Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report to Congress covers the compensation, benefits, and allowances of members of congress. Tables are included to illustrate the accounts.

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2014-12-30
Offices and Officials in the Senate: Roles and Duties [March 16, 2015]

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"Article I, Section 3, clause 5 of the United States Constitution states that the Senate shall 'chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.' Currently, the Senate elects a Secretary of the Senate, Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper (hereinafter Sergeant at Arms), and Chaplain. These officers provide services to the entire Senate community. Two additional officers--Secretary for the Majority and Secretary for the Minority-- are nominated by their parties and formally elected by the entire Senate. The Senate also elects a President pro tempore, although, this position--held by a member of the Senate (traditionally the majority party Senator with the longest continuous service)--is not addressed in this report. In addition, the Senate has established appointive offices, including the Legal Counsel, Legislative Counsel, and Parliamentarian, to handle certain other duties to the Senate. This report outlines the officers of the Senate, including brief information about the history of each office, examples of their roles and duties, and election or appointment information about the current incumbent."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2015-03-16
Congressional Salaries and Allowances [January 7, 2014]

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"This report provides basic information on congressional salaries and allowances. First, the report briefly summarizes the current salary of Members of Congress, limits on their outside earned income and honoraria, available life and health insurance, and retirement benefits. Second, the report provides information on allowances available to Representatives and Senators to support them in their official and representational duties. These allowances cover official office expenses, including staff, mail, travel between a Member's district or state and Washington, DC, equipment, and other goods and services. Third, the report lists the salaries of Members, House and Senate officers and officials, and salary limits for committee staff. Congressional salaries have been frozen since 2009, and many allowances have been frozen or reduced in recent years. Additionally, the implementation of P.L. 111-148, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, changed the available health care options for Members of Congress and certain staff from the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHB) to health care exchanges. Further information on salaries of Members of Congress may be found in CRS Report 97-615, 'Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2013', by Ida A. Brudnick and CRS Report 97-1011, 'Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables', by Ida A. Brudnick. Additional information on other topics may be found in reports referenced throughout."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2014-01-07
Legislative Branch: FY2017 Appropriations [February 21, 2017]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Publishing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); Open World Leadership Center; and the John C. Stennis Center. The FY2017 legislative branch budget request of $4.659 billion was submitted on February 9, 2016. By law, the President includes the legislative branch request in the annual budget submission without change. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees' Legislative Branch Subcommittees held hearings in March to consider the FY2017 legislative branch requests. […] The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2017-02-21
Administration of the House of Representatives: Actions Taken During a New Congress and Following a Majority Change [November 26, 2018]

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"During the period between the November elections and when the new Congress convenes (at noon on January 3, unless a different day is designated by law during the preceding Congress, pursuant to the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution), a new incoming House majority lacks official institutional authority to implement any changes beyond procedures governing the activities of its conference or caucus. Matters relating to chamber rules, officers, staff, office space, and administrative practices remain under the direction of the outgoing majority. While a new incoming majority may lack formal authority to undertake administration of the House prior to the formal convening of the chamber, discussions related to a transition may need to occur prior to the formal assumption of majority status. Decisions about the transition may be made at various times, from the first meetings on early organization of the chamber soon after the general election through the first several weeks of a new Congress. Finally, on the first day of a new Congress, many activities and decisions are required and occur routinely, regardless of whether there was a change in party control."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.; Manning, Jennifer E.

2018-11-26
Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Actions [October 19, 2015]

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"The leaders of the legislative branch agencies and entities--the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the Library of Congress (LOC), the Congressional Research Service (CRS), the Government Publishing Office (GPO, formerly Government Printing Office), the Office of the Architect of the Capitol (AOC), the U.S. Capitol Police (USCP), the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and the Office of Compliance--are appointed in a variety of manners. Four agencies are led by a person appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate; two are appointed by Congress; one is appointed by the Librarian of Congress; one is appointed by a board of directors. Congress has periodically examined the procedures used to appoint these officers with the aim of protecting the prerogatives of, and ensuring accountability to, Congress within the framework of the advice and consent appointment process established in Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution. This report contains information on the legislative branch agency heads' appointment processes, length of tenures (if terms are set), reappointment or removal provisions (if any), salaries and benefits, and most recent appointments."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2015-10-19
Legislative Branch: FY2014 Appropriations [November 25, 2013]

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"The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Printing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); and Open World Leadership Center. […] Neither a legislative branch appropriations bill, nor a continuing appropriations resolution (CR), containing FY2014 funding was enacted prior to the beginning of the fiscal year on October 1. A funding gap, which resulted in a partial government shutdown, ensued for 16 days. […] The legislative branch budget has decreased each year since FY2010. The FY2013 act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as 'anomalies'), less across-the-board rescissions that applied to all appropriations in the act, and not including sequestration reductions implemented on March 1. […] The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2013-11-25
Members' Representational Allowance: History and Usage [November 25, 2013]

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"Members of the House of Representatives have one consolidated allowance, the Members' Representational Allowance (MRA), with which to operate their offices. The MRA was first authorized in 1996 and was made subject to regulations and adjustments of the Committee on House Administration. […] This report provides a history and overview of the MRA and examines spending patterns over three years--2005, 2006, and 2007. The data exclude non-voting Members, including Delegates and the Resident Commissioner. Members who were not in Congress for all of the first session of a Congress, whether the Member left Congress prior to the end of the year or entered any time after the beginning of the session, were also excluded. Similarly, Members who were not sworn in at the beginning of the Congress or did not remain until the end of the second session were not included in the analysis of the second session. This limitation resulted in data analyzing 431 Members for 2005, 426 for 2006, and 427 for 2007. Information is provided on total spending and spending for various categories, including personnel compensation; personnel benefits; travel; rent, utilities, and communications; printing and reproduction; other services; supplies and materials; transportation of things; equipment; and franked mail. The data collected demonstrate that, despite variations when considering all Members, many Members allocate their spending in a similar manner."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2013-11-25
Office of the Attending Physician, U.S. Congress: Background Information and Response to Public Health Emergencies [May 14, 2020]

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From the Document: "The Office of the Attending Physician (OAP) was established in 1928, after the House agreed to a resolution on December 5, 1928, requesting the Secretary of the Navy detail a medical officer to the House (H.Res. 253, 70th Congress). On April 7, 1930, the Senate agreed to a concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14, 71st Congress) extending the services of the Attending Physician to both chambers. Although the House never considered the concurrent resolution, the OAP began serving both the House and the Senate at that time. Since the initial appointment in 1928, the Attending Physician, and other medical assistants in the office, have continued to be assigned from the Department of the Navy."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Brudnick, Ida A.

2020-05-14

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