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Public Transit Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "There has been much discussion around the role of public transportation during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Public transit has provided a vital service to move essential workers to work and home during the crisis. Transit agencies across the country have taken critical measures to safeguard riders and employees, yet there have been questions surrounding the safety of public transit during the pandemic and its role, if any, in virus transmission. The latest research from international sources shows that public transit can be used safely during the pandemic through the use of face coverings, and that shifting trips from public transportation to automobiles would have a negative impact on public health and safety in terms of traffic injuries and deaths as well as vehicle emissions."
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2020-07
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COVID-19 Pandemic Threatens Public Transit Jobs and Service [January 2021]
From the Key Takeaways: "1. Public transit agencies face a critical funding shortfall that threatens jobs and service due to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic[.] 2. In 2020, 65 percent of public transit agencies were forced to cut service. Four in 10 agencies are considering additional cuts to service to close their budget gaps[.] 3. Nearly one in every three agencies (28 percent) have delayed, deferred, or cancelled capital projects, impacting jobs at manufacturers and construction firms across the country[.] 4. If Congress and the Administration do not provide significant additional COVID-19 emergency transit funding, many public transit agencies will be forced to cut service and lay off or furlough employees[.]"
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2021-01
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COVID-19 Pandemic Threatens Public Transit Jobs and Service [September 2020]
From the Key Takeaways: "1. Public transit agencies face a critical funding shortfall because of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic that threatens jobs and service[.] 2. If Congress and the Administration do not provide $32 billion of additional COVID-19 emergency transit funding, more than six in 10 public transit agencies will have to cut transit service or furlough staff[.] 3. Without this emergency funding, transit agencies are considering laying off or furloughing staff (54 percent) and reducing service (61 percent), including eliminating routes (38 percent) and reducing days of service (20 percent)[.] 4. Eight in 10 large agencies are also considering delaying, deferring, or cancelling capital projects to close their budget gaps[.]"
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2020-09
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COVID-19 Emergency Funding Critical to Public Transit's Survival
From the Key Takeaways: "1. Almost one-half of public transit agencies (44 percent) stated that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] emergency funding helped them avoid a complete shutdown of service[.] 2. In addition, the overwhelming majority of agencies said that COVID-19 funding helped them avoid layoffs (79 percent) and cutting service (62 percent)[.] 3. Today, two-thirds of public transit agencies (65 percent) are operating at 75 percent or more of their pre-pandemic service levels[.] 4. A majority of agencies (51 percent) expect to exhaust their COVID-19 emergency transit funding by January 2023. By January 2024, the vast majority of agencies (82 percent) will have expended all COVID-19 funding[.]"
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2021-07
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COVID-19 Pandemic Threatens Public Transit Businesses [January 2021]
From the Key Takeaways: "1. More than three in four businesses (76 percent) have seen a reduction in their transit industry business as a result of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. On average, businesses have seen a 40 percent reduction in activity[.] 2. In 2020, 32 percent of businesses were forced to lay off employees and 11 percent have been forced to close a facility. In addition, more than one-half of public transit businesses (53 percent) have cut back on hiring[.] 3. If Congress does not provide additional emergency funding for transit, nearly four in 10 businesses (38 percent) will be forced to consider additional layoffs[.] 4. One of every five businesses (22 percent) are concerned they may go out of business due to the pandemic[.]"
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2021-01
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Impact of COVID-19 on Public Transit Businesses
From the Document: "APTA [American Public Transportation Association] surveyed its business members on the impacts of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] on their operations in late March and early April 2020. Two hundred thirty-one (231) APTA business members responded to the survey." From the Key Takeaways: "1. Eighty-seven percent of all businesses, and 94 percent of large businesses, said their business operations had been disrupted by COVID-19. 2. Over one-half of businesses said their business activity had decreased over the past month. 3. Forty-three percent of all businesses, and 52 percent of large businesses, said that they had experienced supply chain disruptions."
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2020-04
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COVID-19 Pandemic Threatens Public Transit Businesses [September 2020]
From the Key Takeaways: "1. More than eight in 10 businesses (86 percent) have seen a reduction in their transit industry business as a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and more than one-third of these businesses have already furloughed employees[.] 2. If Congress and the Administration do not provide additional COVID-19 emergency funding for public transit agencies, nearly one-half of businesses (47 percent) expect to lay off employees[.] 3. One-third of transit industry businesses (31 percent) are concerned that they may go out of business due to the COVID-19 pandemic[.]"
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2020-09
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Summary: A Guide for Public Transportation Pandemic Planning and Response (NCHRP Report 769)
From the Document: "Public transportation agencies around the world are preparing for the potential impacts of the Coronavirus. [...] What follows is a summary of key points from NCHRP [National Cooperative Highway Research Program] Report 769: A Guide for Public Transportation Pandemic Planning and Response [hyperlink]. Challenges to keep in mind during a pandemic: [1] Pandemics are global and can last for months. [2] Stopping the spread of disease will require individuals to change their habits (e.g., washing hands more frequently, not gathering with others, etc.), which will likely be tough to enforce amongst the American public. [3] The healthcare system will be overloaded. [4] Dramatic worker absenteeism will have far-reaching impacts. [5] Coordination with other agencies, especially public health, will be required. [6] Public information will be essential and challenging. [7] Fear of exposure to infectious disease may significantly curtail ridership and/or increase rider anxiety (this will also affect employees). [8] Modification of normal operations for the transportation organization may be necessary to support community needs. [9] Legislative and administrative issues (e.g., occupational safety and health, Social Security benefits, and employment status) for employees may require special attention[.] Transportation providers have to consider several major tasks during a pandemic: 1) Preventing the spread of disease, 2) Providing services during a pandemic, 3) Managing workforce impacts, and 4) Crisis Communication[.]"
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew
2020-03
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Continuing Impacts of COVID-19 on Public Transit Agencies
From the Key Takeaways: "1. Public transportation has been and will continue to be an essential frontline service, particularly during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, and continues to provide a vital lifeline to communities nationwide. 2. The overwhelming majority of agencies (83 percent) are using their CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act funds to maintain their workforce and avoid layoffs. 3. Public transit agencies are increasing the cleaning of vehicles and facilities, purchasing of personal protective equipment (PPE), and eliminating or not enforcing fare collection. 4. More than one-half of agencies have developed a restoration or recovery plan that includes new safety precautions for riders and the workforce."
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew; Grisby, Darnell Chadwick; Mollet, Petra
2020-04
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Impact of COVID-19 on Public Transit Agencies
From the Key Takeaways: "1. Transit agencies are taking action to protect the public from COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] by purchasing extra supplies, implementing additional vehicle and facility cleaning, and providing employees and the public with guidance on how to protect themselves. 2. Some agencies have already seen ridership decreases in excess of 70 percent. Ridership is likely to drop further as local travel is restricted. 3. Three in four agencies anticipate cutting service in the coming days and weeks, as they respond to state and local directives, closure of schools and businesses, and potential increases in employee absences from COVID-19."
American Public Transportation Association
Dickens, Matthew; Grisby, Darnell Chadwick
2020-03
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On the Horizon: Planning for Post-Pandemic Travel
From the Executive Summary: "Transit agencies played an essential role in ensuring the mobility of Americans during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Faced with a challenging environment, agencies operated buses and trains day in, day out, moving millions of people, especially essential workers who kept society going even at the height of the health crisis. Even though agencies experienced a dramatic loss of riders during the pandemic, they were resilient and creative in moving forward. With good planning, effective operations, and strong communication, they can adjust their services to attract more riders. To evaluate transit agencies' responses to the pandemic and their future plans, we collected data from operators, deployed a nationwide survey of staff, and conducted detailed case studies of five agencies. We amassed information on how demographic, employment, and travel trends may change in the coming decades. Finally, we developed recommendations for agencies to leverage best practices to ensure their ability to provide equitable access to mobility in the coming decades."
American Public Transportation Association
Freemark, Yonah; González-Hermoso, Jorge; Morales-Burnett, Jorge . . .
2021-11
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COVID-19 Pandemic: 'Public Transportation Responds: Safeguarding Riders and Employees'
From the Preface: "This guidebook is intended for senior transit and rail operations leaders. It is based on input from public health, medical, and transit experts, as well as best practices shared by agencies nationally. Readers should bear in mind that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] presents a new risk environment for transit and rail agencies. Safety Management System (SMS) implementation requires: 1) Evaluating hazards and system changes for risk; 2) Keeping up with the pandemic's impacts on the transit and rail environment; and 3) Making changes that may bring risk tradeoffs. Throughout this document, there are suggestions for reducing the risks related to COVID-19 to passengers and employees. Before implementing any of these suggestions, agencies should assess whether such a change can be scaled to its size and mode of agency in a manner that does not add unacceptable risk. Agencies are also encouraged to consult their local health officials in this process. APTA [American Public Transportation Association] may revise this guide to stay consistent with emerging medical and public health information about COVID-19."
American Public Transportation Association
2020-04-13
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COVID-19 Pandemic: 'Public Transportation Responds: Safeguarding Riders and Employees' [August 11, 2020]
From the Preface: "This guidebook is intended for senior transit and rail operations leaders. It is based on input from public health, medical, and transit professionals, as well as best practices shared by agencies in the United States. Readers should bear in mind that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] presents a new risk environment for transit and rail agencies. Based on FTA [Federal Transit Administration] regulations and guidance, Safety Management System (SMS) implementation requires: 1) Evaluating hazards and system changes for risk; 2) Keeping up with the pandemic's impacts on the transit and rail environment; and 3) Making changes that may bring risk tradeoffs. Throughout this document, there are suggestions for reducing the risks related to COVID-19 to passengers and employees.[...] APTA [American Public Transportation Association] has revised this guide from its original April 2020 publication in an effort to stay consistent with emerging medical and public health information about COVID-19. To this end, APTA may continue to release updates as the understanding of this complicated disease advances."
American Public Transportation Association
2020-08-11
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Cleaning and Disinfecting Transit Vehicles and Facilities During a Contagious Virus Pandemic
From the Abstract: "This white paper discusses current industry practices for cleaning and disinfecting transit vehicles and facilities in response to a pandemic virus. This document will be updated as new information is made available."
American Public Transportation Association
2020-06-22
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Public Transit and COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Research and Best Practices
From the Executive Summary: "The coronavirus pandemic struck major cities across the world quickly and with devastating impacts. Within three months of the first recorded case, many major cities were shut down, with residents forced to stay at home. In the United States, New York City became the epicenter for cases and deaths. At first, rural areas and less-dense cities saw few infections. This led some researchers and media pundits to proclaim that public transit was a major cause for the severity of urban outbreaks. Since then, however, the disease has spread to nearly every corner of the country and world and is widespread in many communities where public transit ridership is low or non-existent. Recent analyses, and a growing number of experts, have now concluded that public transit had little or no role in the spread of the disease. This report is based on a comprehensive review of United States and global research regarding COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] transmission and public transit, interviews with public health experts, and our own analysis of various data sources."
American Public Transportation Association
Schwartz, Samuel I.
2020-09
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Transit Funding Needs in the U.S. [January 27, 2021]
From the Executive Summary: "The Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA), enacted in December 2020, marks the second round of emergency public transit funding following the onset of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. It provided $14 billion for transit agencies in 2021, following the infusion of $25 billion provided by Congress in March 2020 through the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act. 'The analysis summarized in this document found that, even with the two rounds of emergency funding, public transit agencies still face a projected shortfall of $39.3 billion through the end of calendar year (CY) 2023'."
American Public Transportation Association; EBP US
2021-01-27
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Transit Funding Needs in the U.S. [May 5, 2020]
From the Executive Summary: "Due to the virtual shutdown of the nation's economy caused by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, US transit agencies are facing an overall funding shortfall of $48.8 billion between CY [calendar year] 2020 Q2 and the end of CY 2021. Even with the infusion of $25 billion provided by the Congress in April through the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act, transit agencies will still face a shortfall of $23.8 billion through the end of CY 2021. Nationally, transit ridership and fare revenues were down in April 2020 from April 2019 by 73% and 86%, respectively. Further, decreased transit capital spending across the country may result in the loss of 37,000 construction jobs in CY 2020 and 34,000 jobs in 2021 due to project delays and cancellations. When the economy begins to recover, transit agencies will still be challenged with severe fiscal constraints. These constraints stem from social distancing requirements that reduce vehicle capacity, increased costs of facility and vehicle cleaning and disinfection, and some displacement of ridership resulting from greater acceptance of decentralized work locations adopted during the pandemic. For these reasons, assuming the economy recovers in line with current epidemiological projections and related unemployment level forecasts, ongoing depressed ridership translates to quarterly transit revenue gaps ranging between $4.2 billion and $8.1 billion through the end of CY 2021."
American Public Transportation Association; EBP US
2020-05-05
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COVID-19 Recovery Vendor List for Public Transportation
From the Overview: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency has significantly impacted public transportation operations throughout the Nation. As communities recover from COVID-19, transit agencies are implementing new and enhanced measures to ensure the safety of their employees and passengers and increase public confidence in transit, including enhanced cleaning and disinfection, personal protective equipment (PPE) and face coverings, and social distancing. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) are committed to helping the U.S. public transportation industry recover and become even stronger than before. The COVID-19 Vendor List for Transit includes information on vendors and products that transit agencies may use in their COVID-19 response and recovery efforts."
American Public Transportation Association; Community Transportation Association of America
2021-08-04
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