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Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E): Appropriations Structure [June 25, 2018]
"The Department of Defense (DOD) conducts research, development, testing, and evaluation (RDT&E) in support of its mission requirements. The work funded by these appropriations plays a central role in the nation's security and an important role in U.S. global leadership in science and technology. DOD alone accounts for nearly 40% of all federal R&D appropriations ($49.2 billion of $125.3 billion, or 39.3%, in FY2017). In its annual congressional budget requests, DOD presents its RDT&E requests by organization and by its own unique taxonomy aligned to the character of the work to be performed. [...] DOD uses crosswalks to report its RDT&E funding to the Office of Management and Budget and to the National Science Foundation. These crosswalks use different taxonomies than DOD's for accounting for R&D funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
2018-06-25
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Overview of U.S. Immigration Laws Regulating the Admission and Exclusion of Aliens at the Border [June 25, 2018]
"Following the publication of this Sidebar, on June 20, 2018, President Trump issued an executive order directing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to maintain custody of families who unlawfully enter the United States pending their removal proceedings or any unlawful entry criminal prosecution of one of the family members. The executive order declares an intent to 'maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources.' The executive order further directs the Attorney General to file a request with the federal district court in the Central District of California to modify the Flores settlement agreement, which generally limits the period of time in which an alien minor may be detained by DHS to 20 days. On June 21, 2018, the Department of Justice filed a motion to modify the settlement agreement to permit the detention of alien minors and their accompanying parents or legal guardians together in family residential centers during their removal proceedings. While the President's executive order seeks to prevent families from being separated during the pendency of their removal proceedings, at present, the manner in which the order will be interpreted and applied remains unclear. In particular, as of the date of this update, there reportedly is some confusion over whether the executive order means that, in the event that an alien minor in DHS custody is released from detention, the minor's parents must necessarily be released as well to ensure family unity."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2018-06-25
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Public Law 115-192: Whistleblower Protection Coordination Act
From the Document: "An Act [t]o reauthorize and rename the position of Whistleblower Ombudsman to be the Whistleblower Protection Coordinator."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-25
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Executive Order 13841: Affording Congress an Opportunity to Address Family Separation
"It is the policy of this Administration to rigorously enforce our immigration laws. Under our laws, the only legal way for an alien to enter this country is at a designated port of entry at an appropriate time. When an alien enters or attempts to enter the country anywhere else, that alien has committed at least the crime of improper entry and is subject to a fine or imprisonment under section 1325(a) of title 8, United States Code. This Administration will initiate proceedings to enforce this and other criminal provisions of the INA until and unless Congress directs otherwise. It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress's failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2018-06-25
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Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) Fact Sheet
This fact sheet details the symptoms, diagnosis, causes, and prevention of Acute Flaccid Myelitis as well as treatment methods for the disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a condition that affects the nervous system, specifically the spinal cord, which can result from a variety of causes. Practicing good hygiene is one way to protect yourself and your family from diseases that can cause AFM."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-06-25
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H. Rept. 115-781, Part 1: Fight Illicit Networks and Detect Trafficking Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 6069, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 25, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "On June 12, 2018, Representative Juan Vargas introduced H.R. 6069, the 'Fight Illicit Networks and Detect Trafficking Act' or the 'FIND Trafficking' Act. The legislation would require the Comptroller General of the United States to carry out a study on how virtual currencies and online marketplaces are used to buy, sell, or facilitate the financing of goods or services associated with sex trafficking or drug trafficking. Not later than one year after enactment, the legislation would require the Comptroller General to submit the report to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services a report that summarizes the result of the study and include recommendations for legislative or regulatory action that would improve the efforts of Federal agencies to impede the use of virtual currencies and online marketplaces in facilitating sex and drug trafficking."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-25
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FEMA Daily Operations Briefings, June 24 - 30, 2018
This document is a compilation of all the FEMA Daily Operations Briefings from June 24 - 30, 2018. The FEMA Daily Operations Briefing provides an overview of the current emergency management situation nationwide and includes a summary of current significant events, weather activity, recent emergency declarations and projections for the coming week.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-06-24?
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Debates Over Exchange Rates: Overview and Issues for Congress [June 22, 2018]
"Some Members of Congress and policy experts allege that U.S. producers and U.S. jobs have been adversely affected by the exchange rate policies adopted by China, Japan, and a number of other countries. They maintain that some countries are purposefully using various policies to weaken the value of their currency to boost exports and create jobs, but that these policies come at the expense of other countries, including the United States. During the global financial crisis, some political leaders and policy experts argued that there was a 'currency war' in the global economy, as countries competed against each other to weaken the value of their currencies and boost exports. Even as the global financial crisis has faded, some policymakers continue to express concerns that other countries are using exchange rate policies to gain an unfair trade advantage against the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nelson, Rebecca M.
2018-06-22
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United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy [June 22, 2018]
"The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States, demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network. As the UAE has gained capability to project force, it has increasingly asserted itself in the region. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support. In partnership with U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces also are combatting Al Qaeda's affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have used several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander in eastern Libya who thus far has not agreed to join a unified political structure."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth; Motivans, Mark
2018-06-22
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U.S. Global Health Assistance: FY2001-FY2019 Request [June 22, 2018]
"Congressional interest in and support for global health programs has remained strong for several years. In FY2018, Congress provided $8.7 billion for global health programs through State, Foreign Operations appropriations and $488.6 million through Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education (Labor-HHS) appropriations. These funds are managed by several U.S. agencies and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund)--a multilateral organization aimed at combating the three diseases worldwide. Concern about infectious diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria (HTAM), continues to drive budget growth. In FY2001, roughly 47% of the U.S. global health budget was aimed at these three diseases. By FY2018, almost 75% of U.S. global health funding was provided for fighting HTAM."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
2018-06-22
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Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity [June 22, 2018]
"Industrial hemp is an agricultural commodity that is cultivated for use in the production of a wide range of products, including foods and beverages, cosmetics and personal care products, nutritional supplements, fabrics and textiles, yarns and spun fibers, paper, construction and insulation materials, and other manufactured goods. Hemp can be grown as a fiber, seed, or other dual-purpose crop. However, hemp is also from the same species of plant, Cannabis sativa, as marijuana. As a result, production in the United States is restricted due to hemp's association with marijuana, and the U.S. market is largely dependent on imports, both as finished hemp-containing products and as ingredients for use in further processing (mostly from Canada and China). Current industry estimates report U.S. hemp product sales at nearly $700 million annually."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Johnson, Renée
2018-06-22
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FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Process, Determinations, and Appeals [June 22, 2018]
"Individuals and households that suffer uninsured or underinsured losses under a major disaster declaration typically apply for Individual Assistance (IA), administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and may also apply for disaster loans, administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). This report opens with an overview of the two programs and a discussion about how declarations are used to put them into effect. The report also discusses their respective application processes and eligibility criteria used by FEMA and SBA to make grant and loan determinations, respectively. The report then describes the appeals process before concluding with policy observations and considerations. FEMA IA and the SBA Disaster Loan Program are interlaced to a certain degree. Functionally, SBA and FEMA have a computer matching agreement (CMA) to share real-time data on assistance provided to applicants. SBA and FEMA use the interface between their systems to identify potential duplication of benefits (DOB) and determine loan and grant eligibility. From an administrative perspective, eligibility and assistance from one source can impact eligibility and assistance from the other source."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Reese, Shawn
2018-06-22
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Executive Order 13840: Ocean Policy to Advance the Economic, Security, and Environmental Interests of the United States
"This order maintains and enhances these and other benefits to the Nation through improved public access to marine data and information, efficient interagency coordination on ocean-related matters, and engagement with marine industries, the science and technology community, and other ocean stakeholders. To advance these national interests, this order recognizes and supports Federal participation in regional ocean partnerships, to the extent appropriate and consistent with national security interests and statutory authorities."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2018-06-22
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H. Rept. 115-777: DHS Industrial Control Systems Capabilities Enhancement Act of 2018, Report to Accompany H.R. 5733, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 22, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "The purpose of H.R. 5733 is to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Pub. L. 107-296) to provide for the responsibility of the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center to maintain capabilities to identify threats to industrial control systems, and for other purposes. The DHS Industrial Control Systems Capabilities Enhancement Act of 2018 codifies the role of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) in addressing the security of both information technology and operational technology for industrial control systems. NCCIC will maintain capabilities to identify and address threats and vulnerabilities to products and technologies intended for use in the automated control of critical infrastructure processes. NCCIC will lead Federal Government efforts to mitigate cybersecurity threats to industrial control systems (ICS), and maintain cross-sector incident response capabilities to respond to ICS cybersecurity incidents. NCCIC can provide cybersecurity technical assistance to ICS end users, product manufacturers and other stakeholders to mitigate and identify vulnerabilities. As part of this legislation, DHS is directed to periodically provide to the House Committee on Homeland Security and the Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee regarding the industrial control systems capabilities at NCCIC."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-22
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H. Rept. 115-776: Transportation Security Technology Innovation Reform Act of 2018, Report to Accompany H.R. 5730, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 22, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 5730 authorizes the establishment of the Transportation Systems Integration Facility (TSIF) in the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). This legislation directs the TSIF to test advanced transportation screening technologies and streamline the TSA technology procurement process. Further, the TSA Administrator is to ensure adequate staffing and resource allocation for the TSIF to prevent unnecessary delays in testing and evaluation. TSA must notify Congress of extended delays in testing of new technology, and conduct a review of procurement practices to uncover bottlenecks within the process. In addition, the TSA Administrator will collaborate with stakeholders to promote innovation and the deployment of advanced technologies to meet the agency's mission needs and mitigate threats to transportation security."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-22
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H. Rept. 115-778: Securing Public Areas of Transportation Facilities Act of 2018, Report to Accompany H.R. 5766, June 22, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 5766 authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish a working group to promote collaboration between the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and public and private stakeholders to identify and develop non-binding recommendations to enhance security in public areas of transportation facilities. This legislation directs the working group to investigate and provide recommendations on prevention of terrorist attacks in public transportation facilities through strategic planning with law enforcement, coordinated incident response procedures, infrastructure protections through use of security technology, and productive information sharing between DHS and public and private stakeholders. Within one year of the establishment of the working group, and annually thereafter for five years, the Secretary will report to relevant Congressional Committees on the findings and recommendations of the working group. This report shall be widely disseminated by the Secretary with the aim to enhance best practices across DHS and industry stakeholders. In addition, this bill requires the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration to submit a report to Congress a review of regulations, policies and procedures regarding transportation of a firearm and ammunition. Any plans to modify any such regulations or procedures will also be included in the report by the Administrator. H.R. 5766 focuses on enhancing research and information sharing between public and private stakeholders and DHS to hinder criminal and terrorist activities at transportation facilities throughout the United States."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-22
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Department of Homeland Security: Sexual Assaults: Expedited Transfer and Special Victims Counsel Program (Fiscal Year 2018 Report to Congress)
From the Legislative Language: "This document responds to the language set forth in House Report 115-239 accompanying the Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-141). Specifically, House Report 115-239 states: The Committee directs the Coast Guard to continue to provide an annual report, due within 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, on the number of expedited requests for transfer made by victims of sexual assault during the prior fiscal year, including the number of applications denied and a description of the rationale for each denied request. The report shall also include the number of service members served by the Special Victim Counsel program during the same period."
United States. Coast Guard
2018-06-22
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Lebanese Hezbollah [Updated June 22, 2018]
From the Overview: "Hezbollah ('Party of God') is an Iran-backed Lebanese Shi'a militia and U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). Formed in 1982, in the wake of the Israeli invasion of southern Lebanon, the group has described itself as the leader of Islamic resistance to Israel and has conducted numerous attacks against Israeli and Western targets. Hezbollah currently operates regionally as a militia force, while also playing a powerful role as a Lebanese political party and provider of social services."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Humud, Carla E.
2018-06-22
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Primer on U.S. Immigration Policy [June 22, 2018]
From the Introduction: "This report provides a broad overview of U.S. immigration policy. The first section addresses policies governing how foreign nationals enter the United States either to reside permanently or to stay temporarily. Related topics within this section include visa issuance and security, forms of quasi-legal status, and naturalization. The second section discusses enforcement policies both for excluding foreign nationals from admission into the United States, as well as for detaining and removing those who enter the country unlawfully or who enter lawfully but subsequently commit crimes that make them deportable. The section also covers worksite enforcement and immigration fraud. The third section addresses policies for unauthorized aliens residing in the United States. While intended to be comprehensive, this primer may omit some immigration-related topics. It does not discuss policy issues or congressional concerns about specific immigration-related policies and programs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kandel, William
2018-06-22
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 18 Issue 25, June 21, 2018
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "New training module available from Fire Hero Learning Network"; "National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center"; "Health communications lessons learned after 2017 hurricane season"; and "Webinar: Reimbursement for Costs of Firefighting on Federal Property".
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2018-06-21
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National Space Traffic Management Policy, Space Policy Directive
"Memorandum for the Vice President[,] the Secretary of State[,] the Secretary of Defense[,] the Secretary of Commerce[,] the Secretary of Transportation[,] the Secretary of Homeland Security[,] the Director of National Intelligence[,] the Director of the Office of Management and Budget[,] the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs[,] the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration[,] the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy[,] the Deputy Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism[, and] the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff"
United States. Office of the Federal Register
2018-06-21
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S. Rept. 115-283: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Bill, 2019, Report to Accompany S. 3109, June 21, 2018
"The Committee on Appropriations reports the bill (S. 3109) making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019, and for other purposes, reports favorably thereon and recommends that the bill do pass."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-21
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Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress [June 21, 2018]
"Requirements for military awards and decorations can change over time. New events and changes in military, political, or social conditions can generate debate over who is eligible for various military awards. These changes tend to be controversial, especially with veterans groups. Congress has considered several pieces of legislation that would change who would be eligible to receive the Purple Heart, and under what conditions. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have greatly increased the number of servicemembers receiving the Purple Heart award as well as the potential conditions under which they receive the award. Increasingly acknowledged conditions, such as traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as accidents and other events while deployed, bring up new questions as to when a servicemember deserves a Purple Heart. The July 17, 2015, shooting of servicemembers at a Marine recruiting office and a naval reserve center in Chattanooga, TN, again prompted questions about applying the Purple Heart to terrorist attacks versus criminal acts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar
2018-06-21
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Federal Disaster Assistance Response and Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries [June 20, 2018]
"This report is designed to assist Members of Congress and their staff as they address the needs of their states, communities, and constituents after a disaster. It includes a summary of federal programs that provide federal disaster assistance to individual survivors, states, territories, local governments, and nongovernmental entities following a natural or man-made disaster. A number of federal agencies provide financial assistance through grants, loans, and loan guarantees to assist in the provision of critical services, such as temporary housing, counseling, and infrastructure repair. The programs summarized in the report fall into two broad categories. First are programs specifically authorized for disaster situations. Most of these programs are administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Second are general assistance programs that in some instances may be used either in disaster situations or to meet regular service needs. Many federal agencies, including the Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Housing and Urban Development (HUD), administer programs that may be included in the second category."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kreiser, Maria; Mullins, Maura
2018-06-20
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Recent Violent Crime Trends in the United States [June 20, 2018]
"Media accounts of increasing violent crime rates, especially homicides, in some cities raise broad concerns about decreasing levels of public safety. This report provides an analysis of changes in violent crime since 1960, with a focus on changes from 2014 to 2016 in violent crime and homicide rates in the 48 largest cities in the United States for which violent crime and homicide data were submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
James, Nathan
2018-06-20
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Economic and Fiscal Conditions in the U.S. Virgin Islands [June 20, 2018]
"Fiscal and economic challenges facing the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) government raise several issues for Congress. Congress may choose to maintain oversight of federal policies that could affect the USVI's long-term fiscal stability. Congress also may consider further legislation that would extend or restructure long-range disaster assistance programs to mitigate those challenges and promote greater resiliency of infrastructure and public programs. Federal responses to the USVI's fiscal distress could conceivably affect municipal debt markets more broadly. The USVI, like many other Caribbean islands acquired by European powers, were used to produce sugar and other tropical agricultural products and to further strategic interests such as shipping and the extension of naval forces. Once the United States acquired the U.S. Virgin Islands shortly before World War I, they effectively ceased to have major strategic importance. Moreover, at that time the Virgin Islands' sugar-based economy had been in decline for decades."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Austin, D. Andrew
2018-06-20
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Functional Bureau Strategy: Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
From the Executive Statement: "'The mission of the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (PM) is to build enduring security partnerships worldwide to advance U.S. national security objectives.' The National Security Strategy (NSS) of 2017, the Joint Strategic Plan (JSP) of 2018, and the National Defense Strategy (NDS) of 2018 make clear that the central challenge to U.S. security and prosperity is the reemergence of long-term, strategic competition with revisionist powers, namely China and Russia. In addition, the destabilizing influence and actions of rogue regimes and violent extremist organizations (VEOs) continue to threaten the United States. Of relevance to PM's core mission, these strategies recognize the criticality of strengthening security relationships worldwide in order to magnify our power in protecting our shared interests. At the same time, these strategies emphasize the importance of increased burden sharing and transitioning assistance recipients to new and deeper forms of partnership. America is not stepping back from the world; rather, we are asking our partners and allies to step up."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Political Military Affairs
2018-06-20
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1953, Tribal Law and Order Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2018
From the Summary: "S. 1953 would amend the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 and the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act. It would establish or reauthorize various programs and offices within the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Judiciary concerning public safety in Indian communities. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 1953 would cost $810 million over the 2019-2023 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized and necessary amounts. Enacting the bill could affect direct spending and revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. However, CBO estimates that any such effects would be insignificant. CBO estimates that enacting S. 1953 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-06-20
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H. Rept. 115-770: Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 4760) to Amend the Immigration Laws and the Homeland Security Laws, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 952, June 20, 2018
This is a June 20, 2018 House of Representatives report to accompany H.R. 952 Providing consideration for bill H.R.4760 to Amend the Immigration Laws and the Homeland Security Laws, and for Other Purposes: "The Committee on Rules, having had under consideration House Resolution 952, by a record vote of 7 to 3, report the same to the House with the recommendation that the resolution be adopted."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-20
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H. Rept. 115-772: Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 4760) to Amend the Immigration Laws and the Homeland Security Laws, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 954, June 20, 2018
"This is a June 20, 2018 report to accompany H.R. 954 Providing Consideration for bill H.R. 4760 to Amend the Immigration Laws and the Homeland Security Laws: "The Committee on Rules, having had under consideration House Resolution 954, by a nonrecord vote, report the same to the House with the recommendation that the resolution be adopted."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-06-20
