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Assessment of the Incentives Created by Public Disclosure of Off-Site Consequence Analysis Information for Reduction in the Risk of Accidental Releases
"Under the Chemical Safety Information, Site Security and Fuels Regulatory Relief Act, the President delegated to the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the task of assessing the incentives for reduction in accidental chemical releases created by public disclosure of off-site consequence analysis information. This document reports the results of EPA's assessment. In the wake of the chemical tragedy in Bhopal, India, and a series of large chemical accidents in the U.S. in the late 1980s, Congress added new provisions to the Clean Air Act for the prevention of accidental chemical releases. In particular, Congress directed EPA to require facilities that pose the greatest risk of harm to the public and the environment as a result of an accidental chemical release prepare and submit risk management plans (RMPs). An RMP must describe the facility's chemical accident prevention program, emergency response program, and off-site consequence analysis (OCA). The OCA must evaluate the potential for hypothetical worst-case and alternative accidental release scenarios to harm the public and environment around the facility. Congress mandated that RMPs be available to state and local governments and the public. […]This assessment finds that convenient public access to OCA information has the power to reduce real impact associated with chemical accidents. America needs to be further educated about chemical risks. Dissemination of OCA information could make an important contribution to a public dialogue about risk reduction and protection of lives. This public dialogue among community members, emergency planners and responders, and facilities at the local level is key to risk reduction."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
2000-04-18
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19 CFR Parts 4 and 122; 6 CFR Part 5: Advance Electronic Transmission of Passenger and Crew Member Manifests for Commercial Aircraft and Vessels; Final Rule
"This rule adopts as final, with the modifications set forth in this document, proposed amendments to Customs and Border Protection (CBP) regulations concerning electronic manifest transmission requirements relative to travelers (passengers, crew members, and, in some instances, noncrew members) onboard international commercial flights and voyages arriving in and departing from the United States. The rule is designed to enhance national security and the level of security provided under the regulations for the commercial air and sea travel industries, and consequently increase national security in general. The rule also implements the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, which requires that electronic manifest information for passengers onboard commercial aircraft arriving in and departing from the United States, and passengers and crew onboard arriving and departing commercial vessels (with certain exceptions), be vetted by DHS against a government-established and maintained terrorist watch list prior to departure of the aircraft or vessel."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
2007-08-23
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National Guard Counterdrug Lessons Learned
"This bulletin contains lessons developed from National Guard Counterdrug Support to Law Enforcement Agencies. It includes a section on Counterdrug Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (CDIPB)." Lessons are drawn from missions on ground surveillance, aerial reconnaissance, aerial transportation support, cargo inspection, aerial photo reconnaissance, and admin and maintenance support. Lessons are also given for general and security communications, logistics issues, and other miscellaneous issues.
National Interagency Counterdrug Institute
Schnaubelt, Christopher M.
1992-02-10
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CBP Vessel APIS Guide: System Identified Errors and Manifest Sufficiency Rates
"This guide serves to describe the criteria used and the manner in which CBP (Customs and Border Protection) evaluates an APIS (Advance Passenger Information System) manifest's compliance. APIS manifests are evaluated for submission timeliness, manifest completeness (quantity), data element sufficiency (quality), as well as compliance with AFR validation rule sets (quality). This guide does not purport to address every possible circumstance under which CBP may issue a penalty in connection with this legal requirement, but is intended as general guidance to assist persons responsible for complying with the APIS regulations. This document does not create or confer any right or benefit on any person or party, private or public. [...] The Advance Passenger Information System (APIS) Final Rule (AFR), published on April 7, 2005, requires APIS manifests to be submitted through the United States Coast Guard (USCG) & Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Electronic Notice of Arrival/Departure (eNOA/D) web portal (www.nvmc.uscg.gov) for all commercial vessels arriving from or departing for a foreign port or place. Compliant eNOA/D submissions through this portal work to fulfill both USCG (Notice Of Arrival) and CBP (APIS) reporting requirements."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2007-02
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Information Security: Software Change Controls at the Department of State
"This letter summarizes the results of our recent review of software change controls at the Department of State. Controls over access to and modification of software are essential in providing reasonable assurance that system-based security controls are not compromised. […] [W]e suggest that you review State's software change control policies and procedures and consider adopting industry best practices such as the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model for Software. In addition, we suggest that you review related contract oversight and personnel policies and practices and implement any changes that you deem necessary. Because we also identified software control weaknesses at other agencies covered by our review, we have recommended that OMB clarify its guidance to agencies regarding software change controls as part of broader revisions that OMB is currently developing to Circular A-130, Management of Federal Information Resources."
United States. General Accounting Office
McClure, David L.
2000-07-30
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National Guard Counterdrug Programs
This report contains a powerpoint on the National Guard "Special Ops" approach to counterdrug programs, presented at the 12th annual NDIA SO/LIC [National Defense Industrial Association Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict Division] Symposium and Exhibition held in February 2001 in Arlington, VA. It highlights the capabilities and technology used by the National Guard Special Operations units, and explores how those capabilities could be expanded to fight terrorism threats within the United States as well.
Defense Technical Information Center (U.S.)
Mosbey, John C.
2001-02-12
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Information Security: Software Change Controls at the Social Security Administration
"This letter summarizes the results of our recent review of software change controls at the Social Security Administration (SSA). Controls over access to and modification of software are essential in providing reasonable assurance that system-based security controls are not compromised. […]In January 1998, GAO reported2 that SSA had established a goal to achieve a level 2, or repeatable, software process maturity based on the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model for Software3 as part of its initiative to improve software processes. SSA's software process improvement initiatives include several activities related to improving software change controls. The software maintenance activity process will be improved. A process for assessment and implementation of software tools to manage software through its life cycle and control movement of program code will be established. A Configuration Control Board process and procedures will be developed."
United States. General Accounting Office
McClure, David L.
2000-06-30
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Designing a Biocontainment Unit to Care for Patients with Serious Communicable Diseases: A Consensus Statement
"In spite of great advances in medicine, serious communicable diseases are a significant threat. Hospitals must be prepared to deal with patients who are infected with pathogens introduced by a bioterrorist act (e.g., smallpox), by a global emerging infectious disease (e.g., avian influenza, viral hemorrhagic fevers), or by a laboratory accident. One approach to hazardous infectious diseases in the hospital setting is a biocontainment patient care unit (BPCU). This article represents the consensus recommendations from a conference of civilian and military professionals involved in the various aspects of BPCUs. The role of these units in overall U.S. preparedness efforts is discussed. Technical issues, including medical care issues (e.g., diagnostic services, unit access); infection control issues (e.g., disinfection, personal protective equipment); facility design, structure, and construction features; and psychosocial and ethical issues, are summarized and addressed in detail in an appendix. The consensus recommendations are presented to standardize the planning, design, construction, and operation of BPCUs as one element of the U.S. preparedness effort."
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Smith, Philip W.; Anderson, Arthur O; Christopher, George W.
2006-04-01
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Module 2: DHS Pre-Departure Aircraft Operator Compliance Requirements Reference Guide
"This Reference Guide for Module 2 is a follow up to Module 1: Overview of One DHS Solution (APIS Pre-Departure and Secure Flight) located on CBP.gov and the TSA web board, and includes references to the following documents: APIS Pre-Departure Final Rule, DHS Consolidated User Guide, UN/EDIFACT Implementation Guide, TSA Secure Flight Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. This Reference Guide highlights technical and operational changes you may need to implement in order to meet the requirements expressed in the recently published APIS Pre-Departure Final Rule, August 23, 2007. The requirements for the APIS Pre-Departure Final Rule go into effect on February 19, 2008. The information provided in this document is not intended to be a complete discussion of all the changes. Rather, the intent of this document is to highlight the essential technical and operational changes that may need to be made to be in compliance with the APIS Pre-Departure Final Rule."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2007-10
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2004 Year in Review: Emergency Management-Prevention, Preparedness and Response
This document is an assessment of the Environmental Protection Agency containing graphs, organizational charts and summaries of the EPA's response to natural disasters during 2005. The document is divided into sections. Section 1 describes the EPA and contains organizational charts and information on regional counterparts. Section II is an overview of OEM prevention, preparedness and response and discusses strategic goals and measures, and the advancement of strategic goals through partnerships. Section III includes highlights of prevention, preparedness and response, and is an overview of EPA's efforts in these areas. Section IV is a brief overview of future goals.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
2005-04
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Module 1: One DHS Solution (APIS Pre-Departure and Secure Flight)
This document published jointly by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) comprises "Module 1 of DHS Training Support for aircraft operators for the AIPS Pre-Departure Final Rule and Secure Flight Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. [...] Under the guidance of its Screening Coordination Office, DHS has directed U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to develop a guidance document that would combine the Advance Passenger Information System (APIS) Pre-Departure and proposed Secure Flight concepts and systems to provide 'One DHS Solution' to the commercial aviation industry consistent with applicable authorities and statutes."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection; United States. Transportation Security Administration
2007-08
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USA PATRIOT ACT: Better Interagency Coordination and Implementing Guidance for Section 311 Could Improve U.S. Anti-Money Laundering Efforts
"Since September 11, 2001, the United States has established tools to address the threat to the U.S. financial system of money laundering and terrorist financing. One such tool is Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury (Treasury) to prohibit U.S. financial institutions from maintaining certain accounts for foreign banks if they involve foreign jurisdictions or institutions found to be of primary money laundering concern. To make this finding, Treasury examines several factors and generally issues a proposed rule announcing its intent to apply Section 311 restrictions. GAO was asked to examine the process used to implement Section 311 restrictions, the process Treasury follows to finalize or withdraw a proposed rule, and how Treasury assesses the impact of Section 311. GAO reviewed financial and investigative U.S. government documents and met with government officials and representatives of affected banks. GAO recommends that Treasury establish guidance to clarify responsibility to implement and finalize Section 311 actions. Treasury said it will act in response to this recommendation, although the process has been improved. Justice and State did not comment."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2008-10-30
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2007 Biotechnology Industry
"Biotechnology is a diverse and promising industry, but it is not without challenges. The impact on our lives is already being felt, and all indications point to a future of unprecedented changes. Genetically modified (GM) organisms are being used to increase crop production, bacteria to remediate contaminated areas, and even fetal calf skin to grow human soft tissues. Concurrently our nation is seeking biotechnology answers for a variety of national security issues, including the defense of biological or chemical attack and pandemic influenzas. Biotechnology is rapidly impacting multiple industries including medicine, defense, energy, and agriculture. This paper addresses four general biotechnology areas: medical, emerging technology, biodefense, and agriculture. These discussions range from personalized medicine, pandemics and vaccines to biofuels and Project BioShield. The potential economic impact of the industry is tremendous and leads directly to many of the challenges our nation will face in the future. These challenges include globalization, government regulation, ethical concerns and societal acceptance. As the biotechnology industry continues to mature, we expect to see a bright future where the benefits of biotechnology will outweigh the risks involved in its application."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Campbell, Kyle D.; Clemen, Gene
2007-01-01
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How Ebola and Marburg Viruses Battle the Immune System
"The filoviruses Ebola and Marburg have emerged in the past decade from relative obscurity to serve now as archetypes for some of the more intriguing and daunting challenges posed by such agents. Public imagination is captured by deadly outbreaks of these viruses and reinforced by the specter of bioterrorism. As research on these agents has accelerated, it has been found increasingly that filoviruses use a combination of familiar and apparently new ways to baffle and battle the immune system. Filoviruses have provided thereby a new lens through which to examine the immune system itself."
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Mohamadzadeh, Mansour; Chen, Lieping
2007-06-01
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Interim Emergency Management Planning Guide for Special Needs Populations: Version 1.0 (August 15, 2008)
"This guide is intended as a tool for State, Territorial, Tribal, and Local emergency managers in the development of emergency operations plans (EOPs) that are inclusive of the entire population of a jurisdiction of any size. It provides recommendations for planning for special needs populations. The recommendations can be implemented now, no matter how much, or how little a jurisdiction has completed up to this point. Creating 'the perfect' plan before undertaking steps toward implementing these strategies is not feasible. An emergency manager's main concern will be to include all essential information in the EOP, developing immediate capabilities, and building capacity over time. This guide offers scalable recommendations to meet the needs of different jurisdictions based on factors such as size, risks, and hazards. A town with a population of 2,000 citizens, for example, will plan differently for special needs populations than will an entire State or urban area. Furthermore, each jurisdiction must decide for itself which responsibilities will be handled at the State level and which responsibilities will be handled at the Local level. The information in this document is universal in its application and tied to national planning policies and guidance such as the National Response Framework (NRF), National Incident Management System (NIMS), and Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101 (currently under development)."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
2008-08-15
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Federal Aid Programs for U.S. Virgin Islands Disaster Recovery [October 29, 2008]
This is a factsheet that contains a "summary of key federal disaster aid programs that can be made available as needed and warranted under President Bush's major disaster declaration issued for the territory of the U. S. Virgin Islands."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2008-10-29
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Federal Aid Programs For Florida Disaster Recovery [October 27, 2008]
This factsheet contains a "summary of key federal disaster aid programs that can be made available as needed and warranted under President Bush's major disaster declaration issued for Florida" due to Hurricane Gustav.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2008-10-27
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Business Opporunities at DHS, October 2008: Focus on DHS Headquarters
This newsletter from the House Committee on Homeland Security "will focus on the many opportunities that exist in the Department's contracting authorities--from headquarters to FEMA. Providing some idea of how the authorities work and how to get your company's foot in the door with each of them is the goal for this series. As we prepare for the Department's first ever presidential transition, it is essential that all companies whether small, medium, or large have a keen understanding of the Department's procurement practices. This newsletter is a testament to my commitment to the ideal that the necessary ingredients to create the American dream are work, optimism, and fairness."
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security
2008-10
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TSA to Assume Watch List Vetting with Secure Flight Program [October 22, 2008]
This Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Press Release discusses the issuance of a new aviation security tool which will be used by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to improve the Passenger Watch List system currently in place.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2008-10-22
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United States Report to the Nonproliferation Committee--Efforts Regardng United Nations Security Council Resoultion 1540
This report summarizes U.S. efforts to combat proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, as well as efforts to generally combat "weapons of mass destruction." The report touches on the National Joint Terrorism Task Force; Department of Homeland Security Information Sharing Initiative; Accounting for and securing nuclear, chemical, and biological materials in both civilian and military facilities; border controls; export authorities; several different laws relating to the transfer of nuclear materials; international law enforcement cooperation; financial transactions; and shipment controls.
United States. Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
2004-09-27
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the Large Aircraft Security Program
"The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) proposes to amend current aviation transportation security regulations to expand the scope of current general aviation requirements and add new requirements for large aircraft operators and airports that service these aircraft. The proposed regulation would establish a security program called the Large Aircraft Security Program (LASP) for the large aircraft operators, and will require security threat assessments (STAs) for various categories of individuals. This Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) is being conducted in conjunction with a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM). This PIA will be updated to reflect any changes made prior to publication of the Final Rule. No information will be collected by TSA prior to publication of the Final Rule. To date, the government's focus with regard to aviation security generally has been on air carriers and commercial operators which offer transportation for compensation or hire. These carriers or commercial operators are required to submit to TSA security threat assessments (STA) and security programs prior to operating their aircraft. With a few exceptions, TSA does not currently require security threat assessments or security programs for general aviation aircraft operators, that is, individuals who are not offering transportation for compensation or hire."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Privacy Office
2008-10-02
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Decision Memorandum: Decision on Delegation of Section 127 (f) of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
This memorandum written by John H. Marburger, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in regards to the Section 127 (f) waiver of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. More specifically, Director Marburger states the following: "in that Section of the Act, Congress authorized the President to waive the program if he determines that there exists 'an alternative and more effective prophylaxis or preventative measures for adverse thyroid conditions that may result from the release of radionuclides from the nuclear power plants. Under the Act, the Federal Government would provide KI (potassium iodide) to be distributed by state and local governments to populations living in a zone extending an additional 10 miles beyond the existing 10 mile emergency planning zone near nuclear power plants (NPP's), in which a KI distribution program already exists. [...] After a through review of the technical issues, and as explained in detail below, I have decided to invoke the Section 127 (f) waiver. I have determined that a more effective preventative measure does exist for the extended zone covered by the Act, namely avoidance of exposure altogether through evacuation of the potentially affected population and interdiction of contaminated food. Analysis of radiological release events that could lead to adverse thyroid conditions beyond the current 10 mile zone shows that such limiting or avoiding exposure to radiation through these mechanisms is practical and much more effective than the administration of KI in the proposed extended zone."
United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy
Marburger, John H. (John Harmen)
2008-01-22
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Seismic Retrofit Incentive Programs: A Handbook for Local Governments
"This handbook assists local government officials in developing seismic retrofit incentive programs. The handbook summarizes several case studies that describe the steps that seven California cities have taken to promote and implement retrofitting in their communities. Included are sections on using zoning as an incentive to retrofit; local government finance options; a description of the Unreinforced Masonry Buildings (URM) law and of recent legislation; and liability implications and considerations in the event of an earthquake."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1994-08
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Statement to the Second Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention
This is the statement to the Second Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention by Amb. Eric M. Javits, Head of the United States Delegation. From the text: "As we begin this Review Conference, let us re-dedicate ourselves and our governments to the object and purpose of the Chemical Weapons Convention, to its full implementation, and to compliance with all of our obligations. This is an ideal opportunity for us to reaffirm the commitments our nations made in joining the Convention with the aim of completely excluding the possibility of use of chemical weapons by any state, group, or individual. We should also use this opportunity to underscore the continuing importance each of us places on compliance with the Convention, from both national and global perspectives, and our collective responsibility to follow through on compliance concerns."
United States. Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
Javits, Eric M.
2008-04-08
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Statement to the Fifty-Third Session of the Executive Council of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
This is the statement to the Fifty-Third Session of the Executive Council of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)in The Hague, Netherlands on June 24, 2008. From the text: "The Second Review Conference marked an important milestone after almost eleven years of the Chemical Weapons Convention. It was quite an ordeal for those of us who participated, with seemingly endless papers and positions, some heated arguments, incredibly long days and a couple of sleepless nights. But what we produced in that two-week ordeal is a reaffirmation of the Convention, a strong renewal of the commitment by all States Parties to the purposes of the Convention and the implementation of all of its provisions. We set out some guidelines for the future of this Organization, demonstrating that it is a living entity, continuing in its work, adjusting to changing circumstances, and thriving. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons will not reach its end when all the chemical weapons are destroyed, although that will be a remarkable historic event to celebrate. Any who hold the view that destruction of declared stockpiles will signal the end of the Chemical Weapons Convention are sorely mistaken. The OPCW will continue to have a critical role, long after disarmament, in assuring that chemical weapons will never again be developed, produced or used. The States Parties affirmed this ongoing and permanent non-proliferation role for the Organization in the Report of the Second Review Conference."
United States. Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
Javits, Eric M.
2008-07-25
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National Academy of Science Annual Meeting/Symposium on 'Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism'
This is a speech given by John H. Marburger, III, Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) at the National Academy of Sciences' Annual Meeting on April 30, 2002. In his speech, Director Marburger talks about the usage of science and technology in order to counter this threat and the ways that the Bush Administration is using these resources in the war against terrorism.
United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy
Marburger, John H. (John Harmen)
2002-10-21
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Trade Facts: Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)
This fact sheet from the Office of the United States Trade Representative details how the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) negotiations will improve IPR protection. "The ACTA effort aims to provide a framework for countries committed to strong IPR protection to more effectively combat the challenges of IPR infringement today, particularly in the context of piracy and counterfeiting. We envision that: (1) The ACTA will be a leadership agreement, setting a positive example for nations that aspire to strengthen IPR enforcement. (2) Participation will grow over time, reflecting the growing international consensus on the need for strong IPR enforcement. Benefits of ACTA: (3) Enhancing international IPR enforcement by partnering with countries that recognize the critical importance of such enforcement. (4) Strengthening the international fight against pirates and counterfeiters who steal from businesses and workers, discourage innovation and creativity, threaten health and safety, provide an easy source of revenue for organized crime, and cause loss of tax revenue. (5) Building on the successes of the Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy (STOP) initiative, a government-wide effort started in October 2004 to confront piracy and counterfeiting."
United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
Schwab, Susan
2008-08-04
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FCC Moves a Step Closer to Solving Nation's Communications Challenges Currently Faced by America's First Responders [September 25, 2008]
"In a sustained commitment to help solve the nation's communications challenges currently faced by America's first responders, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a Third Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (Notice) that proposes licensing the 700 MHz D Block spectrum as part of a revised 700 MHz Public/Private partnership that will maximize the public safety and commercial benefits of a nationwide, interoperable broadband network in the 700 MHz band. A primary goal of the Commission is to promote the deployment of a broadband network that provides maximum coverage to first responders across the country. Today's Notice proposes to retain a Public/Private Partnership framework for the 700 MHz band absent other sources of funding. Today's Notice proposes a modified set of rules to govern the D Block and a revised auction plan for assigning D Block licenses. Specifically, the FCC proposes to use the competitive bidding process to determine whether, based on greatest population coverage and highest bid(s), the D Block spectrum would be licensed to a single licensee on a nationwide basis or to regional licensees on the basis of 58 public safety regions."
United States. Federal Communications Commission
2008-09-25
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Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies [Fact Sheet]
This fact sheet explains the goals and reasoning behind the Wassenaar Arrangement (WA), "the first multilateral institution covering both conventional weapons and sensitive dual-use goods and technologies." The fact sheet also explains how the members of the WA plan to accomplish their goals, then lists the 33 members of the Arrangement and the WA reporting requirements for arms and dual-use technology.
United States. Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
2001-08-31
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Remarks at the Conference on 'Tomorrow's Proliferation Pathways: Weak States, Rogues, and Non-State Actors'
These are the remarks of Mary Alice Hayward, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy and Negotiations, from the Belfast, ME conference on 'Tomorrow's Proliferation Pathways: Weak States, Rogues, and Non-State Actors'. From the text: "The principal objective of this conference is to examine the different 'proliferation pathways' available to state- and non-state actors on both the supply and demand side of today's proliferation market, with a view to identifying so-called 'gaps' in the international nonproliferation regime. Developing a deep understanding of these networks is an essential first step toward the goal of eliminating the threat that they pose to U.S. and international security. I applaud you for taking on this important issue, and my remarks today will give you a broad understanding of the current efforts and programs that the U.S. is undertaking both bilaterally and multilaterally to achieve this same objective. Starting in its earliest days, the Bush administration worked hard to identify and address these so-called 'gaps' in the international nonproliferation regime. In 2002 President Bush unveiled both the National Security Strategy of the United States and the National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction. These innovative and comprehensive strategies outlined the threats and challenges that WMD proliferation poses to U.S. and international security and described the means to combat them. The directives in these documents are unique. They are the first to unite all elements of national power in addressing the threat of WMD proliferation, they greatly expanded the range of U.S. nonproliferation tools, and they placed a new emphasis on counterproliferation and on consequence management."
United States. Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
Hayward, Mary Alice
2008-07-25
