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Federal Procurement Law & Natural Disasters [December 14, 2017]
"In the wake of the recent hurricanes that have severely damaged parts of the United States, questions have been raised about the impact of federal procurement law on the federal government's disaster response. There are a limited number of special provisions in federal procurement law that apply to procurement contracts entered into by federal agencies to respond to federally declared emergencies or major disasters. As discussed in detail below, these special provisions generally authorize and encourage, but do not require, federal agencies to contract with local contractors for disaster assistance after a federally declared emergency or major disaster. Some Members of Congress have raised concerns that these provisions do not adequately incentivize agencies to choose local contractors when entering into contracts for disaster assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carpenter, David Hatcher; Lunder, Erika
2107-12-14
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President's FY2019 Budget Request for the Department of Energy [March 9, 2018]
"The President's fiscal year (FY) 2019 budget request and the addendum include $30.6 billion for the Department of Energy (DOE), approximately $500 million (2%) more than the FY2017 enacted appropriations of $30.1 billion, accounting for rescissions (see P.L. 115-31 and Division D Explanatory Statement). This request would increase the total budget for DOE, increase overall funding for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), and increase funding for the Office of Environmental Management (EM). The request would maintain funding for the Office of Science, while it would reduce funding for the Offices of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Nuclear Energy (NE), and Fossil Energy (including the Fossil Energy Research and Development [R&D] program). It would also split the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) into two accounts--grid reliability (Electricity Delivery, OE) and cybersecurity (Cyber Security, Energy Security, and Emergency response, CESER)--and reduce total combined funding to these offices. It would eliminate funding for the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), Weatherization Assistance Program, State Energy Program, Energy Policy and Systems Analysis, and programs within the Loan Program Office."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Clark, Corrie E.
2018-09-03
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U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress [April 13, 2018]
"Special Operations Forces (SOF) play a significant role in U.S. military operations and, in recent years, have been given greater responsibility for planning and conducting worldwide counterterrorism operations. U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) has about 70,000 Active Duty, National Guard, and reserve personnel from all four services and Department of Defense (DOD) civilians assigned to its headquarters, its four Service component commands, and eight sub-unified commands. In 2013, based on a request from USSOCOM (with the concurrence of Geographic and Functional Combatant Commanders and the Military Service Chiefs and Secretaries), the Secretary of Defense assigned command of the Theater Special Operations Commands (TSOCs) to USSOCOM. USSOCOM now has the responsibility to organize, train, and equip TSOCs. While USSOCOM is now responsible for the organizing, training, and equipping of TSOCs, the Geographic Combatant Commands will continue to have operational control over the TSOCs. Because the TSOCs are now classified as sub-unified commands, the Services are responsible to provide non-SOF support to the TSOCs in the same manner in which they provide support to the Geographic Combatant Command headquarters."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2018-04-13
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Millennium Challenge Corporation [April 12, 2018]
"The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), established in 2004, arose out of a widespread frustration with then-existing foreign aid programs and represented a significant change in the way the United States delivered economic assistance. The MCC is based on the premise that economic development succeeds best where it is linked to free market economic and democratic principles and policies, and where governments are committed to implementing reform measures in order to achieve such goals."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tarnoff, Curt
2018-04-12
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Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention [April 12, 2018]
"This report provides information on the ongoing crisis in Yemen. Now in its fourth year, the war in Yemen shows no signs of abating and may be escalating. In recent weeks, the northern Yemeni armed militia and political movement known as the Houthis have launched several missile attacks into Saudi Arabia, while the Saudi-led coalition, a multinational grouping of armed forces primarily led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has continued to conduct air strikes inside Yemen. Including combatants, the war in Yemen may have killed more than 10,000 Yemenis and has significantly damaged the country's infrastructure. As the war continues, the risk of it spreading beyond Yemeni territory appears to be growing."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy M.
2018-04-12
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Class Action Lawsuits: A Legal Overview for the 115th Congress [April 11, 2018]
"This report serves as a primer on class action law and analyzes areas that have been the focus of congressional discussions concerning class actions. The report first discusses the broader public policy debate over class actions, including why class actions exist and what risks they pose to the American system of civil justice. The report then details what a plaintiff is required to show under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in order to achieve class action 'certification'--that is, in order to pursue an action on behalf of an entire class. Throughout, the report addresses the ways in which the Supreme Court and lower federal courts have attempted to balance the benefits of class actions against their potential drawbacks."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lewis, Kevin M.; Freeman, Wilson C.
2018-04-11
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ATF's Ability to Regulate 'Bump Stocks' [April 11, 2018]
"Congressional interest in the legal framework for regulating 'bump stock' devices abounded after authorities discovered that the perpetrator of the October 2017 mass shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada, had attached to his semiautomatic firearms an accessory that allowed his rifles to effectively mimic the firing capabilities of a fully automatic weapon. (These firearm accessories are commonly called 'bump-fire,' 'slide-fire,' or 'bump-stock' devices, and more information on how they function can be found in this CRS Insight by William J. Krouse.) One pertinent question involves the degree to which the Department of Justice's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) may regulate, and potentially proscribe, the sale and possession of such devices under existing law. The answer to this question largely depends on whether a bump-stock device reasonably can be construed as falling under the federal statutory definition of a 'machinegun.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peck, Sarah Herman
2018-04-11
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Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2018 [April 11, 2018]
"The automatic annual adjustment for Members of Congress is determined by a formula using a component of the Employment Cost Index (ECI), which measures rate of change in private sector pay. The adjustment automatically takes effect unless (1) Congress statutorily prohibits the adjustment; (2) Congress statutorily revises the adjustment; or (3) the annual base pay adjustment of General Schedule (GS) federal employees is established at a rate less than the scheduled increase for Members, in which case the percentage adjustment for Member pay is automatically lowered to match the percentage adjustment in GS base pay.2 Under the ECI formula, Members may not receive an annual pay adjustment greater than 5%. In the past, Member pay has been frozen statutorily in two ways: (1) directly, trough legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. This adjustment formula was established by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. Votes potentially related to the annual adjustments since the implementation of this act are contained in this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brudnick, Ida A.
2018-04-11
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Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables [April 11, 2018]
"Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments. The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brudnick, Ida A.
2018-04-11
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections [April 11, 2018]
"This report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables organized by region, including the date of each country's independence, the name of the newly elected president or prime minister, and the projected date of the next presidential election. Information in this report was gathered from numerous sources, including the U.S. State Department, Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) World Fact Book, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Election Guide, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and other news sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
DeBruyne, Nese F.
2018-04-11
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Balanced Budget Amendments [April 10, 2018]
"Proposed BBAs have historically included additional provisions that may be as contentious as the requirement that outlays not exceed revenues. Such provisions are summarized below. Supermajority vote threshold for permitting outlays to exceed receipts. These provisions typically require a supermajority vote in each chamber on legislation providing for any excess of outlays over receipts. They have varied by the proportion of Members required to agree to such an excess, with some proposals requiring three-fifths and others requiring two-thirds of each chamber."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lynch, Megan S.; Saturno, James V.
2018-04-10
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OMB and Treasury Disagree Over Process for Issuing New Tax Rules [April 10, 2018]
"In 1981, President Ronald Reagan issued Executive Order 12291, which required that regulations issued by most federal agencies be submitted to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review. Further, when issuing 'major' regulations, agencies were required to conduct a cost-benefit analysis, and they were not permitted to issue regulations whose estimated costs exceeded the estimated benefits. In 1993, President Clinton issued Executive Order 12866, which revoked Executive Order 12291 but maintained most of its requirements, including the requirements for OIRA review and cost-benefit analysis. Executive Order 12866 remains the primary executive order governing presidential review of regulations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carey, Maeve P.
2018-04-10
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Smart Grid: Status and Outlook [April 10, 2018]
"The electrical grid in the United States comprises all of the power plants generating electricity, together with the transmission and distribution lines and systems that bring power to end-use customers. The 'grid' also connects the many publicly and privately owned electric utility and power companies in different states and regions of the United States. However, with changes in federal law, regulatory changes, and the aging of the electric power infrastructure as drivers, the grid is changing from a largely patchwork system built to serve the needs of individual electric utility companies to essentially a national interconnected system, accommodating massive transfers of electrical energy among regions of the United States. The modernization of the grid to accommodate today's power flows, serve reliability needs, and meet future projected uses is leading to the incorporation of electronic intelligence capabilities for power control purposes and operations monitoring. The 'Smart Grid' is the name given to this evolving intelligent electric power network, with digital technologies increasingly replacing analog devices, thus enabling Smart Grid hardware and software functions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Campbell, Richard J.
2018-04-10
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Overview of Discretionary Reprieves from Removal: Deferred Action, DACA, TPS, and Others [April 10, 2018]
"The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) establishes a system of rules as to which non-U.S. nationals (aliens) may enter the United States and under what conditions. It sets forth, for instance, three primary categories--family-based, employment-based, and diversity-based-- through which an alien may qualify for an immigrant visa and thereby seek admission to the United States as a lawful permanent resident (LPR). The INA also establishes requirements for the admission of refugees, and delineates the categories of aliens who may be admitted temporarily as nonimmigrants for particular purposes such as study, tourism, or temporary work."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Harrington, Ben
2018-04-10
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U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel [April 10, 2018]
"Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign assistance since World War II. To date, the United States has provided Israel $134.7 billion (current, or noninflation-adjusted, dollars) in bilateral assistance and missile defense funding. Almost all U.S. bilateral aid to Israel is in the form of military assistance, although in the past Israel also received significant economic assistance. At a signing ceremony at the State Department on September 14, 2016, representatives of the U.S. and Israeli governments signed a new 10-year Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on military aid covering FY2019 to FY2028. Under the terms of the MOU, the United States pledges to provide $38 billion in military aid ($33 billion in Foreign Military Financing grants plus $5 billion in missile defense appropriations) to Israel. This MOU replaces a previous $30 billion 10-year agreement, which runs through FY2018."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy M.
2018-04-10
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Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 and an FY2019 Budget Resolution [April 10, 2018]
"The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA 2018, P.L. 115-123), enacted February 9, 2018, amended the statutory discretionary spending limits for FY2018 and FY2019. BBA 2018 comprised several other components as well, one of which was related to a congressional budget resolution for FY2019. These BBA 2018 'budget resolution' provisions (which may be referred to as a 'deemer' or a budget resolution substitute) provide the House and Senate with enforceable levels of spending and revenue for FY2019 in ways that a 'traditional' budget resolution would. While it is not unusual for Congress to employ such budget resolution substitutes, these substitutes differ from a 'traditional' budget resolution in several ways."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lynch, Megan Suzanne
2018-04-10
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Trade Promotion Authority (TPA): Frequently Asked Questions [April 10, 2018]
"Legislation to reauthorize Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)--sometimes called 'fast track,'-- the Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015 (TPA-2015), was signed into law by President Obama on June 29, 2015 (P.L. 114-26). If the President negotiates an international trade agreement that would reduce tariff or non-tariff barriers to trade in ways that require changes in U.S. law, the United States can implement the agreement only through the enactment of legislation. If the trade agreement and the process of negotiating it meet certain requirements, TPA allows Congress to consider the required implementing bill under expedited procedures, pursuant to which the bill may come to the floor without action by the leadership, and can receive a guaranteed up-or-down vote with no amendments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fergusson, Ian F.; Davis, Christopher M., 1966-
2018-04-10
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When the City Goes Broke: Pensions, Retirees, and Municipal Bankruptcies [April 10, 2018]
"In recent years, a significant number of cities, towns, and other municipalities in the United States have found themselves increasingly unable to pay their debts. In order to offer municipalities relief from many types of debts they cannot repay, Chapter 9 of the Bankruptcy Code authorizes certain municipalities to file for bankruptcy. However, filing for bankruptcy may adversely affect the municipality's creditors, especially beneficiaries of underfunded municipal retirement plans (who, along with bondholders, often hold 'the lion's share' of a municipality's financial obligations). Because a number of municipalities face a 'dramatic and growing shortfall in public pension funds,' many 'firefighters, teachers, police officers, and other public employees' who purportedly have 'a right to pension benefits at retirement' face a significant risk that their pensions will ultimately not be fully repaid. The fact that public pensions, unlike their private counterparts, are neither subject to the 'vesting and funding rules imposed by' the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 nor 'protected by the federal pension guarantee program operated by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation' could, according to some commentators, further exacerbate that risk. Moreover, because courts presiding over municipal bankruptcy cases have generally been 'amenable to modifying pension debt in bankruptcy,' retirees' pension benefits may potentially be significantly curtailed when a municipality declares bankruptcy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lewis, Kevin M.
2018-04-10
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Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) Mobility, Reconnaissance, and Firepower Programs [April 10, 2018]
"Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) constitute the Army's 'light' ground forces and are an important part of the nation's ability to project forces overseas. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as current thinking by Army leadership as to where and how future conflicts would be fought, suggest IBCTs are limited operationally by their lack of assigned transport and reconnaissance vehicles as well as firepower against hardened targets and armored vehicles. There are three types of IBCTs: Light, Airborne, and Air Assault. Light IBCTs are primarily foot-mobile forces. Light IBCTs can move by foot, by vehicle, or by air (either air landed or by helicopter). Airborne IBCTs are specially trained and equipped to conduct parachute assaults. Air Assault IBCTs are specially trained and equipped to conduct helicopter assaults."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2018-04-10
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United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy [April 10, 2018]
"The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment and it was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network. As the UAE has gained capability to project force, it has increasingly asserted itself in the region. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support. In partnership with U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces are combatting Al Qaeda's affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting a rebel military commander in Libya who is acting counter to U.N. and U.S. efforts to forge a unified political structure there."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-04-10
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Sexual Harassment and Title VII: Selected Legal Issues [April 9, 2018]
"This report addresses various legal issues related to sexual harassment and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), the federal statute that generally prohibits discrimination in the workplace, including discrimination based on sex. As the statute contains neither an express prohibition against harassment nor a definition of harassment, this report examines (1) how the Supreme Court and federal appellate courts have mapped out the scope of protection that Title VII provides employees against sexual harassment, including the Supreme Court's 'severe or pervasive' standard that harassment victims must meet to show a Title VII violation (which applies to most Title VII sexual harassment claims); (2) limits on employer liability for harassment; and (3) retaliation for reporting harassment, among other issues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Back, Christine J.; Freeman, Wilson C.
2018-04-09
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Navy Frigate (FFG[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [April 6, 2018]
"This report provides background information and discusses potential issues for Congress regarding the Navy's FFG(X) program, a program to procure a new class of 20 guided-missile frigates (FFGs). The Navy wants to procure the first FFG(X) in FY2020. The Navy's proposed FY2019 budget requests $134.8 million in research and development funding for the program. The FFG(X) program presents several potential oversight issues for Congress. Congress's decisions on the program could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the shipbuilding industrial base. This report focuses on the FFG(X) program. A related Navy shipbuilding program, the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) program, is covered in a separate CRS report. Other CRS reports discuss the strategic context within which the FFG(X) program and other Navy acquisition programs may be considered."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-04-06
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Lame Duck Sessions of Congress, 1935-2016 (74th-114th Congresses) [April 6, 2018]
"A 'lame duck' session of Congress is one that takes place after the election for the next Congress has been held but before the current Congress has reached the end of its constitutional term. Since 1935, the constitutional term of a Congress has begun on January 3 of each odd-numbered year and has ended on January 3 of the next odd-numbered year. As a result, any meeting of Congress that occurs between the congressional election in November of an even-numbered year and the following January 3 is a lame duck session. The significant characteristic of a lame duck session is that its participants are the sitting Members of the existing Congress, not those who will be entitled to sit in the new Congress. For the purposes of this study, a lame duck session commences on the first day of consecutive sessions following an election. It ends on the day of final sine die adjournment."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hudiburg, Jane A.
2018-04-06
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Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues
"This report focuses, primarily, on the Pentagon's ongoing program to develop ballistic missile-based conventional prompt strike systems. This effort has been underway for about 15 years. The George W. Bush Administration demonstrated an interest in the use of conventional weapons for precision, long-range strike missions in the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR). This study called for the integration of precision conventional weapons with strategic nuclear forces in a new category of 'offensive strike' weapons.3 Several other Pentagon studies published during the Bush Administration also called on the United States to develop the capability to attack targets around the world, in under an hour, with conventional warheads."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2018-04-06
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Commerce Department Announces Citizenship Question on 2020 Census and Lawsuits Filed [April 6, 2018]
"On March 26, 2018, the Commerce Department, which houses the U.S. Census Bureau, announced that the 2020 decennial census questionnaire will include a citizenship question. Thereafter, the State of California and a coalition of states and cities led by the State of New York filed lawsuits to stop Commerce from including the question, generally arguing that including a citizenship question would suppress the census response rate and result in undercounts that would violate the U.S. Constitution's mandate to count every resident. Commerce maintains, among other things, that inclusion of the citizenship question in the census questionnaire to the entire U.S. population will produce census block level data on 'citizenship voting age population' (CVAP) that is more accurate and complete than current data, thereby outweighing concerns of a lower response rate, and that such data will assist the Department of Justice in enforcing the Voting Rights Act. This sidebar provides an overview of the Commerce Department's announcement; relevant constitutional and statutory provisions; how census data is used in redistricting and ensuring compliance with the Voting Rights Act; and pending legal challenges."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Whitaker, L. Paige
2018-04-06
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Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress [April 6, 2018]
"Tensions have grown in western Cameroon since the government's suppression of a protest movement led by members of the country's minority Anglophone community in late 2016. In 2017, the situation escalated as one Anglophone faction symbolically declared the secession of the region and some Anglophone groups took up arms. While granting minor concessions, the government has arrested dozens of activists and deployed the military to put down unrest. The crisis has heightened historic fissures in Cameroon's diverse society and adds to the country's political and security challenges."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Arieff, Alexis
2018-04-06
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Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy [April 5, 2018]
"This report details legislation and policies that restrict or place requirements on U.S. funding of abortion or family planning activities abroad. The level and extent of federal funding for these activities is an ongoing and controversial issue in U.S. foreign assistance and has continued to be a point of contention during the 115th Congress. These issues have been debated for over four decades in the context of a broader domestic abortion controversy that began with the Supreme Court's 1973 ruling in Roe v. Wade, which holds that the Constitution protects a woman's decision to terminate her pregnancy. Since Roe, Congress has enacted foreign assistance legislation placing restrictions or requirements on the federal funding of abortions and on family planning activities abroad."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchfield, Luisa
2018-04-05
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What Happens When Five Supreme Court Justices Can't Agree? [April 5, 2018]
"The Supreme Court generally adjudicates by majority rule; whatever legal position garners a majority of votes in favor of its legal position prevails, and the majority's ruling in that case becomes binding precedent in subsequent cases. But what happens when a majority of Justices agree that a party should win, but cannot agree as to 'why' that party should win? Which Justice's opinion, if any, becomes the law when no single opinion enjoys a majority vote?"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lewis, Kevin M.
2018-04-05
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Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity [April 5, 2018]
"Congress's power to create rules governing the admission of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) has long been viewed as plenary. In the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended, Congress has specified grounds for the exclusion or removal of aliens, including on account of criminal activity. Some criminal offenses, when committed by an alien who is present in the United States, may render that alien subject to removal from the country. And certain criminal offenses may preclude an alien outside the United States from being either admitted into the country or permitted to reenter following an initial departure. Further, criminal conduct may disqualify an alien from certain forms of relief from removal or prevent the alien from becoming a U.S. citizen. In some cases, the INA directly identifies particular offenses that carry immigration consequences; in other cases, federal immigration law provides that a general category of crimes, such as 'crimes involving moral turpitude' or an offense defined by the INA as an 'aggravated felony,' may render an alien ineligible for certain benefits and privileges under immigration law."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peck, Sarah Herman; Smith, Hillel R.
2018-04-05
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Update: The End of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program: Some Immediate Takeaways [April 5, 2018]
"Trump Administration's planned phase-out of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. The U.S. District Courts for the Northern District of California and the Eastern District of New York issued nationwide preliminary injunctions limiting the DACA phase-out to aliens who have not yet obtained DACA benefits. In a separate lawsuit, a federal district court in Maryland declined to enjoin the planned rescission of DACA, but prohibited the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from using information provided by DACA applicants for immigration enforcement purposes except in certain circumstances. The Maryland district court's decision does not impact the two nationwide injunctions halting the DACA phase-out with respect to persons who have already obtained relief under that initiative, and those injunctions will remain in place while the litigation continues in the federal courts of appeals, unless the Supreme Court or the courts of appeals order otherwise. Therefore, DHS will continue to accept DACA applications and renewal requests from individuals who have previously received DACA benefits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2018-04-05
